37 – Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate.
193 – Roman Emperor Pertinax is assassinated by Praetorian Guards, who then sell the throne in an auction to Didius Julianus.
364 – Roman Emperor Valentinian I appoints his brother Flavius Valens co-emperor.
845 – Siege of Paris: Viking raiders invading the kingdom of the West Franks arrive at Paris, led by a Norse chieftain named Ragnar, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving.
1566 – The foundation stone of Valletta, Malta's capital city, is laid by Jean Parisot de Valette, Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.
1776 – Juan Bautista de Anza finds the site for the Presidio of San Francisco.
1794 – Allies under the prince of Coburg defeat French forces at Le Cateau.
1795 – Partitions of Poland: The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, a northern fief of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, ceases to exist and becomes part of Imperial Russia.
1797 – Nathaniel Briggs of New Hampshire patents a washing machine.
1802 – Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers discovers 2 Pallas, the second asteroid known to man.
1809 – Peninsular War: France defeats Spain in the Battle of Medelin.
1814 – War of 1812: The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom defeats the United States Navy in a Battle off Valparaíso, Chile.
1854 – Crimean War: France and Britain declare war on Russia.
1860 – First Taranaki War: The Battle of Waireka begins.
1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Glorieta Pass – in New Mexico, Union forces stop the Confederate invasion of New Mexico territory.
1871 – The Paris Commune is formally established in Paris.
1883 – Tonkin Campaign: French victory in the Battle of Gia Cuc.
1881 – The "Greatest Show on Earth" is formed by P. T. Barnum and James Anthony Bailey.
1889 – The Yngsjö murder in Yngsjö, Sweden: Anna Månsdotter is arrested along with her son.
1898: The Supreme Court, in United States v. Wong Kim Ark, ruled that children born in the United States of foreigners permanently domiciled and resident in the U.S. at the time of birth automatically acquire U.S. citizenship via the Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
1910 – Henri Fabre becomes the first person to fly a seaplane, the Fabre Hydravion, after taking off from a water runway near Martigues, France.
1913 – Guatemala becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
1920 – Palm Sunday tornado outbreak of 1920 affects the Great Lakes region and Deep South states.
1923 – Constantinople and Angora change their names to Istanbul and Ankara.
1933 – The Imperial Airways biplane City of Liverpool is believed to be the first airline lost to sabotage when a passenger sets a fire on board.
1939 – Spanish Civil War: Generalissimo Francisco Franco conquers Madrid after a three-year siege.
1941 – World War II: Battle of Cape Matapan – in the Mediterranean Sea, British Admiral Andrew Browne Cunningham leads the Royal Navy in the destruction of three major Italian heavy cruisers and two destroyers.
1942 – World War II: St Nazaire Raid: In occupied France, British naval forces successfully raid the German-occupied port of Saint-Nazaire.
1946 – Cold War: The U.S. State Department releases the Acheson–Lilienthal Report, outlining a plan for the international control of nuclear power.
1951 – First Indochina War: In the Battle of Mao Khe, French Union forces, led by World War II hero Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, inflict a defeat on Việt Minh forces commanded by General Võ Nguyên Giáp.
1959 – The State Council of the People's Republic of China dissolves the Government of Tibet.
1968 – Brazilian high school student Edson Luís de Lima Souto is shot by the police in a protest for cheaper meals at a restaurant for low-income students. The aftermath of his death is one of the first major events against the military dictatorship.
1969 – Greek poet and Nobel Prize laureate Giorgos Seferis makes a famous statement on the BBC World Service opposing the junta in Greece.
1969 – The McGill français movement protest occurs, the second largest protest in Montreal's history with 10,000 trade unionists, leftist activists, college students, and some McGill students at McGill's Roddick Gates. The majority of the protesters are arrested.
1970 – Gediz earthquake: A 7.2 magnitude earthquake strikes western Turkey at about 23:05 local time, killed 1,086 and injured 1,260.
1978 – The US Supreme Court hands down 5–3 decision in Stump v. Sparkman, 435 U.S. 349, a controversial case involving involuntary sterilization and judicial immunity.
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| President Carter leaving Three Mile Island, April 1, 1979 from whatwasthere.com |
1979 – The British House of Commons passes a vote of no confidence against James Callaghan's government, precipitating a general election.
1990 – President George H. W. Bush posthumously awards Jesse Owens the Congressional Gold Medal.
1994 – In South Africa, Zulus and African National Congress supporters battle in central Johannesburg, resulting in 18 deaths.
1994 – BBC Radio 5 is closed and replaced with a new news and sport station BBC Radio 5 Live.
1999 – Kosovo War: Serb paramilitary and military forces kill 146 Kosovo Albanians in the Izbica massacre.
2000 – Three children are killed when a Murray County, Georgia, school bus is hit by a CSX freight train.
2003 – In a friendly fire incident, two A-10 Thunderbolt II attack aircraft from the United States. Idaho Air National Guard's 190th Fighter Squadron attack British tanks participating in the 2003 invasion of Iraq, killing British soldier Matty Hull.
2005 – The 2005 Sumatra earthquake rocks Indonesia, and at magnitude 8.7 is the fourth strongest earthquake since 1965.
2006 – At least one million union members, students, and unemployed take to the streets in France in protest at the government's proposed First Employment Contract law.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
John of Capistrano, Confessor. Semi-double.
Contemporary Western
Stephen Harding
Guntram
Priscus
Pope Sixtus III
Guntram
Priscus
Pope Sixtus III
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Apostle Herodion of Patras of the Seventy Apostles (1st c.)
Saints Priscus, Malchus, and Alexander, of Caesarea of Palestine (259)
Martyrs Jonah and Barachisius and those with them in Persia (330):
Zanithas, Lazarus, Maruthas (Marotas), Narses, Elias, Marinus (Mares),
Abibus, Sembeeth (Sivsithina), and Sabbas
Venerable Hesychios the Theologian of Jerusalem (434),
disciple of St. Gregory the Theologian
Venerable Hilarion the New, Abbot of Pelecete Monastery near Prusa (754)
Saint Stephen the Confessor and Wonderworker, Abbot of Tryglia (815)
Hieromartyrs George, Bishop of Zagora, Parodus and Peter, priests,
and Martyr Prince Enravota-Boyan (833), of Bulgaria
Saints Priscus, Malchus, and Alexander, of Caesarea of Palestine (259)
Martyrs Jonah and Barachisius and those with them in Persia (330):
Zanithas, Lazarus, Maruthas (Marotas), Narses, Elias, Marinus (Mares),
Abibus, Sembeeth (Sivsithina), and Sabbas
Venerable Hesychios the Theologian of Jerusalem (434),
disciple of St. Gregory the Theologian
Venerable Hilarion the New, Abbot of Pelecete Monastery near Prusa (754)
Saint Stephen the Confessor and Wonderworker, Abbot of Tryglia (815)
Hieromartyrs George, Bishop of Zagora, Parodus and Peter, priests,
and Martyr Prince Enravota-Boyan (833), of Bulgaria
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Martyrs Rogatus, Successus and Companions, a group of eighteen martyrs in North Africa
Saint Sixtus III (Xystus), Pope of Rome from 432 (440)
Saint Spes (Speus), an Abbot of Campi in central Italy (ca. 513)
Saint Gontram (Gunthrammus), a repentant King of Burgundy in France (592)
Saint Gundelindis (Guendelindis), a daughter of the Duke of Alsace and niece of St Ottilia,
whom she succeeded as Abbess of Niedermünster Abbey (ca. 750)
Saint Tutilo (Tuotilo), a gifted and artistic monk at St Gall Abbey in Switzerland (ca. 915)
Saint Conon of Naso, a monk and Abbot of the Greek monastery of Nesi in Sicily (1236)
Saint Sixtus III (Xystus), Pope of Rome from 432 (440)
Saint Spes (Speus), an Abbot of Campi in central Italy (ca. 513)
Saint Gontram (Gunthrammus), a repentant King of Burgundy in France (592)
Saint Gundelindis (Guendelindis), a daughter of the Duke of Alsace and niece of St Ottilia,
whom she succeeded as Abbess of Niedermünster Abbey (ca. 750)
Saint Tutilo (Tuotilo), a gifted and artistic monk at St Gall Abbey in Switzerland (ca. 915)
Saint Conon of Naso, a monk and Abbot of the Greek monastery of Nesi in Sicily (1236)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Venerable Martyr Eustratius of the Kiev Caves (1096)
Saint Mstislav, Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal, son of Prince Andrey Bogolyubsky (1173)
Venerable Hilarion, monk, of Gdov (Pskov) (1476)
Venerable Dionysius the Merciful, Bishop of Larissa (1510)
Venerable Jonah, Abbot of Klimets Monastery (Olonets) (1534)
Saint John, Bishop of Manglisi, Georgia (1751)
Saint Mstislav, Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal, son of Prince Andrey Bogolyubsky (1173)
Venerable Hilarion, monk, of Gdov (Pskov) (1476)
Venerable Dionysius the Merciful, Bishop of Larissa (1510)
Venerable Jonah, Abbot of Klimets Monastery (Olonets) (1534)
Saint John, Bishop of Manglisi, Georgia (1751)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Nicholas Postnikov, Priest(1931)
New Hieromartyr Basil Malinin, Priest(1938)
Martyr John Chernoff (1939)
New Hieromartyr Peter Ochryzko, Priest of Chartoviec (Chełm and Podlasie, Poland) (1944)
New Hieromartyr Basil Malinin, Priest(1938)
Martyr John Chernoff (1939)
New Hieromartyr Peter Ochryzko, Priest of Chartoviec (Chełm and Podlasie, Poland) (1944)
Other commemorations
Repose of Blessed Helen of Arzamas, disciple of Abbot Nazarius of Valaam (1820)[1]
Icon of the Mother of God of "the Sign"
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