45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda.
180 – Marcus Aurelius dies leaving Commodus the sole emperor of the Roman Empire.
455 – Petronius Maximus becomes, with support of the Roman Senate, emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
624 – Led by Muhammad, the Muslims of Medina defeat the Quraysh of Mecca in the Battle of Badr.
1001 – The King of Butuan in the Philippines sends a tributary mission to the Song dynasty of China.
1337 – Edward, the Black Prince is made Duke of Cornwall, the first Duchy in England.
1452 – The Battle of Los Alporchones is fought in the context of the Spanish Reconquista between the Emirate of Granada and the combined forces of the Kingdom of Castile and Murcia resulting in a Christian victory.
1560 – Fort Coligny on Villegagnon Island in Rio de Janeiro is attacked and destroyed during the Portuguese campaign against France Antarctique.
1677 – The Siege of Valenciennes, during the Franco-Dutch War, ends with France's taking of the city.
1737 – The Charitable Irish Society of Boston holds what is believed to be the first St. Patrick’s Day Celebration in America.
1776 – American Revolution: British forces evacuate Boston, ending the Siege of Boston, after George Washington and Henry Knox place artillery in positions overlooking the city.
1780 – American Revolution: George Washington grants the Continental Army a holiday "as an act of solidarity with the Irish in their fight for independence".
1805 – The Italian Republic, with Napoleon as president, becomes the Kingdom of Italy, with Napoleon as King.
1842 – The Relief Society of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is formed.
1860 – The First Taranaki War begins in Taranaki, New Zealand, a major phase of the New Zealand land wars.
1861 – The Kingdom of Italy is proclaimed.
1862 – The U.S. Army of the Potomac began sailing from Alexandria to Fort Monroe, Virginia. This embarkation marked the beginning the Peninsula Campaign in which perhaps as many as 155,000 United States Army and 95,500 rebel soldiers eventually participated. The commander of the U.S. Army of the Potomac, Major General George B. McClellan, planned the campaign with the objective of capturing the Confederate States of America's capital at Richmond. After the advanced elements landed at Fort Monroe, McClellan's army gathered strength and supplies before advancing up the Peninsula between the York toward Richmond in April. In the meantime, many slaves escaped bondage and sought refuge at the U.S. Army's Fortress Monroe, then commanded by Major General Benjamin Butler. Under the Confiscation Act, anything of use to the enemy's war effort could be confiscated as "contraband of war." When Virginia slaveholders demanded the return of their slaves which they claimed were private property, Butler interpreted the recent act to mean he did not have to comply since the refugees represented a military necessity to the Confederacy's war effort, and were therefore "contraband of war"subject to confiscation by U.S.
1891 – SS Utopia collides with HMS Anson in the Bay of Gibraltar and sinks, killing 562 of the 880 passengers on board.
1898 – The first successful test of the modern submarine is conducted off Staten Island by John Philip Holland.
1905 – Eleanor Roosevelt married her fifth cousin Franklin D. Roosevelt in New York City.
1921 – The Second Polish Republic adopts the March Constitution.
1939 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Nanchang between the Kuomintang and Japan begins.
1941 – The National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., is officially opened by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
1942 – General Doug MacArthur arrives in Australia to become supreme commander.
1942 – Holocaust: The first Jews from the Lvov Ghetto are gassed at the Belzec death camp in what is today eastern Poland.
1945 – The Ludendorff Bridge in Remagen, Germany, collapses, ten days after its capture.
1947 – First flight of the B-45 Tornado strategic bomber.
1948 – The Benelux, France, and the United Kingdom sign the Treaty of Brussels, a precursor to the North Atlantic Treaty establishing NATO.
1950 – Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley announce the creation of element 98, which they name "californium".
1957 – A plane crash in Cebu, Philippines kills Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay and 24 others.
1958 – The United States launches the Vanguard 1 satellite.
1959 – Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, flees Tibet for India.
1960 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the National Security Council directive on the anti-Cuban covert action program that will ultimately lead to the Bay of Pigs Invasion.
1963 – Mount Agung erupted on Bali killing more than 1,100 people.
1966 – Off the coast of Spain in the Mediterranean, the DSV Alvin submarine finds a missing American hydrogen bomb.
1968 – As a result of nerve gas testing in Skull Valley, Utah, over 6,000 sheep are found dead.
1969 – Golda Meir becomes the first female Prime Minister of Israel.
1970 – My Lai Massacre: The United States Army charges 14 officers with suppressing information related to the incident.
1973 – The Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph Burst of Joy is taken, depicting a former prisoner of war being reunited with his family, which came to symbolize the end of United States involvement in the Vietnam War.
1976 – The Troubles: Four civilians are killed when the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) detonates a car bomb outside a pub crowded with people celebrating Saint Patrick's Day in Dungannon, Northern Ireland.
1979 – The Penmanshiel Tunnel collapses during engineering works, killing two workers.
1985 – Serial killer Richard Ramirez, aka the "Night Stalker", commits the first two murders in his Los Angeles murder spree.
1988 – A Colombian Boeing 727 jetliner, Avianca Flight 410, crashes into a mountainside near the Venezuelan border killing 143.
1988 – Eritrean War of Independence: The Nadew Command, an Ethiopian army corps in Eritrea, is attacked on three sides by military units of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front in the opening action of the Battle of Afabet.
1992 – Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires: Suicide car bomb attack kills 29 and injures 242.
1992 – A referendum to end apartheid in South Africa is passed 68.7% to 31.2%.
2000 – Five hundred thirty members of the Ugandan cult Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God die in a fire, considered to be a mass murder or suicide orchestrated by leaders of the cult. Elsewhere another 248 members are later found dead.
2003 – Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Robin Cook, resigns from the British Cabinet in disagreement with government plans for the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
2004 – Unrest in Kosovo: More than 22 are killed and 200 wounded. Thirty-five Serbian Orthodox shrines in Kosovo and two mosques in Belgrade and Niš are destroyed.
2013 – The largest meteorite (since NASA started observing the moon in 2005) hit the moon.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Patrick, Archbishop of Armagh, Confessor. Greator Double.
Contemporary Western
Gertrude of Nivelles
John Sarkander
Joseph of Arimathea
Patrick
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
March 17 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Saint Lazarus the Righteous (Lazarus the Just), the friend of Christ (1st c.)
Martyr Marinus of Caesarea, soldier, at Caesarea in Palestine (262)
Saint Ambrose, Deacon, disciple of St. Didymus the Blind of Alexandria (400)
Venerable Alexios the Man of God, in Rome (411)
Monk-martyr Paul of Crete, defender of icons, burned alive
under Constantine V Copronymus (767)
Venerable Theosterictus the Confessor, Abbot of Pelecete Monastery
near Prusa (826)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Martyrs Alexander and Theodore, early martyrs in Rome
Venerable Patrick, Bishop of Armagh and the Enlightener of Ireland (461)
Saint Llinio of Llandinam, Abbot and Founder of Llandinam, Powys, Wales (520)
Saint Agricola (Agrele, Aregle), ascetic and Bishop of Châlon-sur-Saône
in France (580)
Saint Gertrude of Nivelles, Abbess of Nivelles, patroness of travellers (659)
Saint Beccan of Rhum (677)
Saint Withburga, Princess of East Anglia, hermitess whose holy well
is at East Dereham (c. 743)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Venerable Macarius, Abbot and Wonderworker of Kalyazin (1483)
Venerable Hieromartyr Gabriel the Lesser, of Gareji, Georgia (1802)
Hieromartyr Theodoulos the Sinaite (1822)
Saint Gurias, Archbishop of Tauria and Simferopol (1882)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Alexander Polivanov of Krasnoyarsk, Priest (1919)
New Hieromartyr Victor Kiranov of Berdyansk, Protopresbyter
of Simferopol-Crimea (1942)
Other commemorations
Commemoration of the Great Earthquake of 790 AD, under Emeperor
Constantine VI
Repose of Lulach, last Orthodox King of Scotland (1058)
Repose of Archbishop Tikhon (Troitsky) of San Francisco (1963)
Traditional Western
Patrick, Archbishop of Armagh, Confessor. Greator Double.
Contemporary Western
Gertrude of Nivelles
John Sarkander
Joseph of Arimathea
Patrick
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
March 17 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Saint Lazarus the Righteous (Lazarus the Just), the friend of Christ (1st c.)
Martyr Marinus of Caesarea, soldier, at Caesarea in Palestine (262)
Saint Ambrose, Deacon, disciple of St. Didymus the Blind of Alexandria (400)
Venerable Alexios the Man of God, in Rome (411)
Monk-martyr Paul of Crete, defender of icons, burned alive
under Constantine V Copronymus (767)
Venerable Theosterictus the Confessor, Abbot of Pelecete Monastery
near Prusa (826)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Martyrs Alexander and Theodore, early martyrs in Rome
Venerable Patrick, Bishop of Armagh and the Enlightener of Ireland (461)
Saint Llinio of Llandinam, Abbot and Founder of Llandinam, Powys, Wales (520)
Saint Agricola (Agrele, Aregle), ascetic and Bishop of Châlon-sur-Saône
in France (580)
Saint Gertrude of Nivelles, Abbess of Nivelles, patroness of travellers (659)
Saint Beccan of Rhum (677)
Saint Withburga, Princess of East Anglia, hermitess whose holy well
is at East Dereham (c. 743)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Venerable Macarius, Abbot and Wonderworker of Kalyazin (1483)
Venerable Hieromartyr Gabriel the Lesser, of Gareji, Georgia (1802)
Hieromartyr Theodoulos the Sinaite (1822)
Saint Gurias, Archbishop of Tauria and Simferopol (1882)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Alexander Polivanov of Krasnoyarsk, Priest (1919)
New Hieromartyr Victor Kiranov of Berdyansk, Protopresbyter
of Simferopol-Crimea (1942)
Other commemorations
Commemoration of the Great Earthquake of 790 AD, under Emeperor
Constantine VI
Repose of Lulach, last Orthodox King of Scotland (1058)
Repose of Archbishop Tikhon (Troitsky) of San Francisco (1963)
Malankara Orthodox
Commemoration of HG Paulose Mar Severios Metropolitan
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