37 – The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius's will and proclaims Caligula emperor.
633 – Ridda Wars: The Arabian Peninsula is united under the central authority of Caliph Abu Bakr.
1068 – An earthquake affects the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula, leaving up to 20,000 dead.
1229 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, declares himself King of Jerusalem in the Sixth Crusade.
1241 – First Mongol invasion of Poland: Mongols overwhelm Polish armies in Kraków in the Battle of Chmielnik and plunder the city.
1314 – Jacques de Molay, the 23rd and the last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is burned at the stake.
1438 – Albert II of Habsburg becomes Holy Roman Emperor.
1608 – Susenyos is formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia.
1644 – The Third Anglo-Powhatan War begins in the Colony of Virginia.
1741 – New York governor George Clarke's complex at Fort George is burned in an arson attack, starting the New York Conspiracy of 1741.
1766 – The British Parliament repeals the Stamp Act, an unpopular law that imposed taxes on American colonists and was one of their grievances in the buildup to the Revolutionary War.
1793 – The first republic in Germany, the Republic of Mainz, is declared by Andreas Joseph Hofmann.
1834 – Six farm labourers from Tolpuddle, Dorset, England are sentenced to be transported to Australia for forming a trade union.
1834 – In Pennsylvania, the first railroad tunnel in the U.S. is completed.
1848 – March Revolution: in Berlin there is a struggle between citizens and military, costing about 300 lives.
1850 – American Express is founded by Henry Wells and William Fargo.
1852 – Following the California Gold Rush, Wells Fargo is founded to serve as a transportation service and bank.
1865 – American Civil War: The Congress of the Confederate States adjourns for the last time.
1871 – Declaration of the Paris Commune; President of the French Republic, Adolphe Thiers, orders the evacuation of Paris.
1874 – Hawaii signs a treaty with the United States granting exclusive trade rights.
1881 – The Barnum & Bailey Circus, "The Greatest Show on Earth", makes its debut at Madison Square Garden in New York City.
1892 – Former Governor General Lord Stanley pledges to donate a silver challenge cup, later named the Stanley Cup after him, as an award for the best hockey team in Canada.
1906 – Traian Vuia flies a heavier-than-air aircraft for 11 meters at an altitude of one meter.
1913 – King George I of Greece is assassinated in the recently liberated city of Thessaloniki.
1915 – World War I: During the Battle of Gallipoli, three battleships are sunk during a failed British and French naval attack on the Dardanelles.
1921 – The second Peace of Riga is signed between Poland and the Soviet Union.
1922 – In India, Mohandas Gandhi is sentenced to six years in prison for civil disobedience, of which he serves only two.
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1937 – The New London School explosion in New London, Texas, kills 300 people, mostly children.
1937 – Spanish Civil War: Spanish Republican forces defeat the Italians at the Battle of Guadalajara.
1937 – A human-powered aircraft, Pedaliante, flies 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) outside Milan, Italy.
1938 – Mexico creates Pemex by expropriating all foreign-owned oil reserves and facilities within its borders.
1940 – World War II: Axis Powers: Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet at the Brenner Pass in the Alps and agree to form an alliance against France and the United Kingdom.
1942 – The War Relocation Authority is established in the United States to take Japanese Americans into custody.
1944 – The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Italy kills 26 people and causes thousands to flee their homes.
1945 – CENTRAL VISAYAS CAMPAIGN BEGINS. After attacking Palawan and Mindanao, General MacArthur directed the capture of the now-isolated Central Visayas, or Visayan islands, of Panay, Negros, Cebu, and Bohol. While Filipino guerrillas controlled much of the countryside, 30,000 Japanese troops held the vital coastal towns, including Cebu City and Iloilo on Panay, the second and third largest cities respectively in the Philippines. Beyond his immediate objective to liberate the Philippines, the two ports were to be important staging areas for the expected invasion of Japan.
1946 – Diplomatic relations between Switzerland and the Soviet Union are established.
1948 – Soviet consultants leave Yugoslavia in the first sign of the Tito-Stalin split.
1953 – The 1953 Yenice-Gönen earthquake hits western Turkey, killing 1070 people.
1959 – President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs a bill into law allowing for Hawaiian statehood, which would become official on August 21.
1962 – The Evian Accords end the Algerian War of Independence, which had begun in 1954.
1965 – Cosmonaut Aleksei Leonov, leaving his spacecraft Voskhod 2 for 12 minutes, becomes the first person to walk in space.
1967 – The supertanker Torrey Canyon runs aground off the Cornish coast.
1968 – Gold standard: The U.S. Congress repeals the requirement for a gold reserve to back US currency.
1969 – The United States begins secretly bombing the Sihanouk Trail in Cambodia, used by communist forces to infiltrate South Vietnam.
1970 – Lon Nol ousts Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia.
1970 – The U.S. postal strike of 1970 begins, one of the largest wildcat strikes in U.S. history.
1971 – In Peru a landslide crashes into Yanawayin Lake, killing 200 people at the mining camp of Chungar.
1974 – Oil embargo crisis: Most OPEC nations end a five-month oil embargo against the United States, Europe and Japan.
1980 – At Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia, 50 people are killed by an explosion of a Vostok-2M rocket on its launch pad during a fueling operation.
1985 – First episode of Neighbours broadcast.
1990 – Germans in the German Democratic Republic vote in the first democratic elections in the former communist dictatorship.
1990 – In the largest art theft in US history, 12 paintings, collectively worth around $300 million, are stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston, Massachusetts.
1992 – In a national referendum white South Africans vote overwhelmingly in favour of ending the racist policy of Apartheid.
1994 – Bosnia's Bosniaks and Croats sign the Washington Agreement, ending war between the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and establishing the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
1996 – A nightclub fire in Quezon City, Philippines kills 162 people.
1997 – The tail of a Russian Antonov An-24 charter plane breaks off while en route to Turkey causing the plane to crash and killing all 50 people on board and leading to the grounding of all An-24s.
2014 – The parliaments of Russia and Crimea sign an accession treaty.
2015 – The Bardo National Museum in Tunisia is attacked by gunmen. 23 people, almost all tourists, are killed, and at least 50 other people are wounded.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Contemporary Western
Alexander of Jerusalem
Cyril of Jerusalem
Edward the Martyr
Fridianus
Salvator
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
March 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
The 10,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia (Myriads of Holy Martyrs), by the sword
Martyrs Trophimus and Eucarpion, soldiers, at Nicomedia (300)
Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, Archbishop of Jerusalem (386)
Venerable Ananias the Wonderworker (Aninas of the Euphrates), Hieromonk
Saint Daniel, monk of Egypt (6th c.)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Saints Narcissus and Felix, a Bishop and his Deacon honoured as martyrs
in the city of Girona in Catalonia, Spain (c. 307)
Saint Tetricus, Bishop of Langres in Gaul (572)
Saint Frediano (Frigidanus, Frigdianus), an Irish prince and hermit,
and Bishop of Lucca (588)
Saint Egbert of Ripon (729)
Saint Edward the Martyr, King of England (978)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Cyril of Astrakhan (1576)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Demetrius Rozanov, Priest (1938)
Virgin-martyr Natalia Baklanova (1938)
Saint Maria Skobtsova (Elizabeth Pilenko), nun, who suffered at Ravensbrück
concentration camp (1945)
Other commemorations
Repose of Abbot Mark of Optina Monastery (1909)Traditional Western
Contemporary Western
Alexander of Jerusalem
Cyril of Jerusalem
Edward the Martyr
Fridianus
Salvator
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
March 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
The 10,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia (Myriads of Holy Martyrs), by the sword
Martyrs Trophimus and Eucarpion, soldiers, at Nicomedia (300)
Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, Archbishop of Jerusalem (386)
Venerable Ananias the Wonderworker (Aninas of the Euphrates), Hieromonk
Saint Daniel, monk of Egypt (6th c.)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Saints Narcissus and Felix, a Bishop and his Deacon honoured as martyrs
in the city of Girona in Catalonia, Spain (c. 307)
Saint Tetricus, Bishop of Langres in Gaul (572)
Saint Frediano (Frigidanus, Frigdianus), an Irish prince and hermit,
and Bishop of Lucca (588)
Saint Egbert of Ripon (729)
Saint Edward the Martyr, King of England (978)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Cyril of Astrakhan (1576)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Demetrius Rozanov, Priest (1938)
Virgin-martyr Natalia Baklanova (1938)
Saint Maria Skobtsova (Elizabeth Pilenko), nun, who suffered at Ravensbrück
concentration camp (1945)
Other commemorations
Repose of St. Nicholas of Zhicha, at Libertyville, Illinois (1956)
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