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Events
27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire.
378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spearthrower Owl of Teotihuacán.
550 – Gothic War: The Ostrogoths, under King Totila, conquer Rome after a long siege, by bribing the Isaurian garrison.
750 – The army of Abdallah ibn Ali and Abu Awn Abd al-Malik ibn Yazid defeats that of Marwan II in the Battle of the Zab, bringing the Abbasid Revolution to completion.
929 – Emir Abd-ar-Rahman III established the Caliphate of Córdoba.
929 – Emir Abd-ar-Rahman III established the Caliphate of Córdoba.
1120 – The Council of Nablus is held, establishing the earliest surviving written laws of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem.
1362 – A storm tide in the North Sea destroys the German city of Rungholt on the island of Strand.
1412 – The Medici family is appointed official banker of the Papacy.
1492 – The first grammar of the Spanish language is presented to Queen Isabella I.
1547 – Ivan IV of Russia aka Ivan the Terrible becomes Czar of Russia.
1556 – Philip II becomes King of Spain.
1572 – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England.
1581 – The English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism.
1605 – The first edition of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha (Book One of Don Quixote) by Miguel de Cervantes is published in Madrid, Spain.
1707 – The Scottish Parliament ratifies the Act of Union, paving the way for the creation of Great Britain.
1761 – The British capture Pondichéry, India from the French.
1780 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Cape St. Vincent.
1786 – Virginia enacted the Statute for Religious Freedom authored by Thomas Jefferson.
1809 – Peninsular War: The British defeat the French at the Battle of La Coruña.
1847 – John C. Frémont is appointed Governor of the new California Territory.
1861 – The Crittenden Compromise, a last-ditch attempt to keep the Union together, died in the U.S. Senate.
1862 – Hartley Colliery Disaster: Two hundred four men and boys killed in a mining disaster, prompted a change in UK law which henceforth required all collieries to have at least two independent means of escape.
1878 – Russo-Turkish War (1877–78): Battle of Philippopolis: Captain Aleksandr Burago with a squadron of Russian Imperial army dragoons liberates Plovdiv from Ottoman rule.
1883 – The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, establishing the United States Civil Service, is passed.
1896 – Defeat of Cymru Fydd at South Wales Liberal Federation AGM, Newport, Monmouthshire.
1900 – The United States Senate accepts the Anglo-German treaty of 1899 in which the United Kingdom renounces its claims to the Samoan islands.
1908 – The Pinnacles National Park in California is established.
1909 – Ernest Shackleton's expedition finds the magnetic South Pole.
1919 – Temperance movement: The United States ratifies the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, authorizing Prohibition in the United States one year after ratification.
1920 – Zeta Phi Beta Sorority Incorporated was founded on the campus of Howard University.
1920 – The League of Nations holds its first council meeting in Paris, France.
1921 – The Marxist Left in Slovakia and the Transcarpathian Ukraine holds its founding congress in Ľubochňa.
1924 – Eleftherios Venizelos becomes Prime Minister of Greece for the fourth time.
1938 – Benny Goodman, and his band, performed in concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City.
1939 – The Irish Republican Army (IRA) begins a bombing and sabotage campaign in England.
1942 – Crash of TWA Flight 3, killing all 22 aboard, including film star Carole Lombard.
1945 – Adolf Hitler moves into his underground bunker, the so-called Führerbunker.
1964 – Hello, Dolly! (musical) starring Carol Channing opened on Broadway, beginning a run of 2,844 performances.
1969 – Czech student Jan Palach commits suicide by self-immolation in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in protest against the Soviets' crushing of the Prague Spring the year before.
1969 – Soviet spacecraft Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 perform the first-ever docking of manned spacecraft in orbit, the first-ever transfer of crew from one space vehicle to another, and the only time such a transfer was accomplished with a space walk.
1970 – Buckminster Fuller receives the Gold Medal award from the American Institute of Architects.
1979 – The last Iranian Shah flees Iran with his family for good and relocates to Egypt.
1986 – First meeting of the Internet Engineering Task Force.
1991 – The Coalition Forces go to war with Iraq, beginning the Gulf War (U.S. Time). Operation Desert Shield turned into Operation Desert Storm as coalition bombers began a massive campaign against Iraq.
1992 – El Salvador officials and rebel leaders sign the Chapultepec Peace Accords in Mexico City, Mexico ending the 12-year Salvadoran Civil War that claimed at least 75,000 lives.
2001 – Congolese President Laurent-Désiré Kabila is assassinated by one of his own bodyguards.
2001 – US President Bill Clinton awards former President Theodore Roosevelt a posthumous Medal of Honor for his service in the Spanish–American War.
2002 – The UN Security Council unanimously establishes an arms embargo and the freezing of assets of Osama bin Laden, al-Qaeda, and the remaining members of the Taliban.
2003 – The Space Shuttle Columbia takes off for mission STS-107 which would be its final one. Columbia disintegrated 16 days later on re-entry.
2005 – Romanian university lecturer and novelist Adriana Iliescu gives birth at 66 to her daughter Eliza, breaking the record for the oldest birth mother in the world.
2006 – Ellen Johnson Sirleaf is sworn in as Liberia's new president. She becomes Africa's first female elected head of state.
2013 – An estimated 41 international workers are taken hostage in an attack in the town of In Aménas, Algeria.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Marcellus, Pope and Martyr. Semi-double.
Contemporary Western
Berard of Carbio
Fursey
Joseph Vaz
Honoratus of Arles
Pope Marcellus I
Titian of Oderzo
Fursey
Joseph Vaz
Honoratus of Arles
Pope Marcellus I
Titian of Oderzo
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Martyrs Speusippus, Eleusippus and Melapsippus, Cappadocian triplets, and their
grandmother Leonilla, and with them Neon, Turbo, and Jonilla ( Jovilla),
in Cappadocia (c. 161-180)
Martyr Danax the Reader, of Avlona in Illyria (2nd c.)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Saint Priscilla, of the Roman Glabrio family, who hosted St. Peter circa AD 42 (1st c.)
Pope Marcellus I, Pope of Rome from 308 to 309, suffered for confessing the faith (309)
Venerable Honoratus of Arles, Archbishop of Arles and founder of Lerins Monastery (429)
Saint James of Tarentaise, first Bishop of Tarentaise (429)
Saint Valerius, Bishop of Sorrento (c. 453)
Saint Liberata, sister of St Epiphanius of Pavia in Italy and St Honorata (5th century)
Saint Honoratus of Fondi, founder of the monastery of Fondi in Italy (6th century)
Saint Triverius, hermit (550)
Saint Fulgentius of Cartagena, Bishop of Cartagena and Ecija (Astigi), in Hispania (633)
Martyr Sigeberht of East Anglia, King of the East Angles (635)
Saint Fursey, Irish missionary monk of Burgh Castle (East Anglia), Lagny, and
Peronne (Gaul) (650)
Saint Titian of Oderzo, for thirty years a Bishop near Venice in Italy (650)
Saint Ferréol of Grenoble (Ferreolus, Fergéol), Bishop of Grenoble (c. 670)
Saint Dunchaid O'Braoin (Dúnchad ua Bráein), Abbot of Clonmacnoise (988)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Romilus the Sinaite, the Hesychast of Ravenica, monk of Mount Athos and
disciple of St. Gregory of Sinai, and with him Saints Nestor, Martinius, Daniel,
Sisoes, Zosimas, and Gregory (1375)
Blessed Maximus of Totma in Vologda, Fool-for-Christ and Wonderworker (1650)
Saint Gerasimus II (Palladas) of Alexandria, Patriarch of Alexandria (1714)
New Hieromartyr Damascene of Gabrovo, Hieromonk of Hilandar on Mount
Athos, at Svishtovo (1771)
New Hieromartyr Nicholas of Mytilene, Priest (1777)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr John, Priest (1919)
Other commemorations
Martyrs Speusippus, Eleusippus and Melapsippus, Cappadocian triplets, and their
grandmother Leonilla, and with them Neon, Turbo, and Jonilla ( Jovilla),
in Cappadocia (c. 161-180)
Martyr Danax the Reader, of Avlona in Illyria (2nd c.)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Saint Priscilla, of the Roman Glabrio family, who hosted St. Peter circa AD 42 (1st c.)
Pope Marcellus I, Pope of Rome from 308 to 309, suffered for confessing the faith (309)
Venerable Honoratus of Arles, Archbishop of Arles and founder of Lerins Monastery (429)
Saint James of Tarentaise, first Bishop of Tarentaise (429)
Saint Valerius, Bishop of Sorrento (c. 453)
Saint Liberata, sister of St Epiphanius of Pavia in Italy and St Honorata (5th century)
Saint Honoratus of Fondi, founder of the monastery of Fondi in Italy (6th century)
Saint Triverius, hermit (550)
Saint Fulgentius of Cartagena, Bishop of Cartagena and Ecija (Astigi), in Hispania (633)
Martyr Sigeberht of East Anglia, King of the East Angles (635)
Saint Fursey, Irish missionary monk of Burgh Castle (East Anglia), Lagny, and
Peronne (Gaul) (650)
Saint Titian of Oderzo, for thirty years a Bishop near Venice in Italy (650)
Saint Ferréol of Grenoble (Ferreolus, Fergéol), Bishop of Grenoble (c. 670)
Saint Dunchaid O'Braoin (Dúnchad ua Bráein), Abbot of Clonmacnoise (988)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Romilus the Sinaite, the Hesychast of Ravenica, monk of Mount Athos and
disciple of St. Gregory of Sinai, and with him Saints Nestor, Martinius, Daniel,
Sisoes, Zosimas, and Gregory (1375)
Blessed Maximus of Totma in Vologda, Fool-for-Christ and Wonderworker (1650)
Saint Gerasimus II (Palladas) of Alexandria, Patriarch of Alexandria (1714)
New Hieromartyr Damascene of Gabrovo, Hieromonk of Hilandar on Mount
Athos, at Svishtovo (1771)
New Hieromartyr Nicholas of Mytilene, Priest (1777)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr John, Priest (1919)
Other commemorations
Veneration of the Precious Chains of the holy and all-glorious Apostle Peter
(Liberation of Saint Peter)
Repose of Elder Theodore of Irkutsk (1923)
Repose of Priest Demetrius Gagastathis of Platanos, Trikala (1975)
Coptic Church
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