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Events
393 – Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
971 – In China, the war elephant corps of the Southern Han are soundly defeated at Shao by crossbow fire from Song dynasty troops.
1264 – In the conflict between King Henry III of England and his rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort, King Louis IX of France issues the Mise of Amiens, a one-sided decision in favour of Henry that later leads to the Second Barons' War.
1368 – In a coronation ceremony, Zhu Yuanzhang ascends the throne of China as the Hongwu Emperor, initiating Ming dynasty rule over China that would last for three centuries.
1546 – Having published nothing for eleven years, François Rabelais publishes the Tiers Livre, his sequel to Gargantua and Pantagruel.
1556 – The deadliest earthquake in history, the Shaanxi earthquake, hits Shaanxi province, China. The death toll may have been as high as 830,000.
1570 – James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, regent for the infant King James VI of Scotland, is assassinated by firearm, the first recorded instance of such.
1571 – The Royal Exchange opens in London.
1579 – The Union of Utrecht forms a Protestant republic in the Netherlands.
1656 – Blaise Pascal publishes the first of his Lettres provinciales.
1719 – The Principality of Liechtenstein is created within the Holy Roman Empire.
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| Georgetown University general view, Gaston Hall, 1904 from whatwasthere.com |
1793 – Second Partition of Poland.
1795 – After an extraordinary charge across the frozen Zuiderzee, the French cavalry captured 14 Dutch ships and 850 guns, in a rare occurrence of a battle between ships and cavalry
1845: A uniform election day is authorized for the President & VP
1849 – Elizabeth Blackwell is awarded her M.D. by the Geneva Medical College of Geneva, New York, becoming the United States' first female doctor.
1855 – The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake and tsunami leaves nine dead in New Zealand.
1855 – The first bridge over the Mississippi River opens in what is now Minneapolis, Minnesota, a crossing made today by the Hennepin Avenue Bridge.
1870 – In Montana, U.S. cavalrymen kill 173 Native Americans, mostly women and children, in what becomes known as the Marias Massacre.
1879 – Anglo-Zulu War: the Battle of Rorke's Drift ends.
1897 – Elva Zona Heaster is found dead in Greenbrier County, West Virginia. The resulting murder trial of her husband is perhaps the only case in United States history where the alleged testimony of a ghost helped secure a conviction.
1899 – The Malolos Constitution is inaugurated, establishing the First Philippine Republic.
1899 – Emilio Aguinaldo is sworn in as President of the First Philippine Republic.
1900 – Second Boer War: The Battle of Spion Kop between the forces of the South African Republic and the Orange Free State and British forces ends in a British defeat.
1904 – Ålesund Fire: the Norwegian coastal town Ålesund is devastated by fire, leaving 10,000 people homeless and one person dead. Kaiser Wilhelm II funds the rebuilding of the town in Jugendstil style.
1909 – RMS Republic, a passenger ship of the White Star Line, becomes the first ship to use the CQD distress signal after colliding with another ship, the SS Florida, off the Massachusetts coastline, an event that kills six people. The Republic sinks the next day.
1912 – The International Opium Convention is signed at The Hague.
1920 – The Netherlands refuses to surrender the exiled Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany to the Allies.
1937 – The trial of the anti-Soviet Trotskyist center sees seventeen mid-level Communists accused of sympathizing with Leon Trotsky and plotting to overthrow Joseph Stalin's regime.
1941 – Charles Lindbergh testifies before the U.S. Congress and recommends that the United States negotiate a neutrality pact with Adolf Hitler.
1941 – Charles Lindbergh testifies before the U.S. Congress and recommends that the United States negotiate a neutrality pact with Adolf Hitler.
1942 – World War II: The Battle of Rabaul commences Japan's invasion of Australia's Territory of New Guinea.
1943 – World War II: Troops of Montgomery's Eighth Army capture Tripoli in Libya from the German–Italian Panzer Army.
1943 – World War II: Australian and American forces defeat Japanese army and navy units in the bitterly-fought Battle of Buna–Gona.
1943 – Duke Ellington plays at Carnegie Hall in New York City for the first time.
1943 – World War II: The Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse on Guadalcanal ends.
1945 – World War II: German admiral Karl Dönitz launches Operation Hannibal.
1950 – The Knesset passes a resolution that states Jerusalem is the capital of Israel.
1957 – Machines at the Wham-O toy company roll out the first batch of their aerodynamic plastic discs–now known to millions of fans all over the world as Frisbees. American inventor Walter Frederick Morrison sold the rights to his flying disc to the new toy company Wham-O as the “Pluto Platter”. In 1958 it was renamed the "Frisbee".
1958 – After a general uprising and rioting in the streets, President Marcos Pérez Jiménez leaves Venezuela.
1960 – The submersible vehicle USS Trieste makes a record-setting dive to the deepest surveyed part of the ocean. Trieste was a bathyscaphe – “deep boat” – owned by the U.S. Navy. It was a free-diving, self-propelled deep-sea submersible, and it dove – with two crew members aboard – into the Marianas Trench in the Pacific Ocean east of the Philippines, whose deepest portion is called the Challenger Deep. It took nine hours to descend 6.83 miles (10,911 meters or 35,797 ft) into the deepest ocean.
1961 – The Portuguese luxury cruise ship Santa Maria is hijacked by opponents of the Estado Novo regime with the intention of waging war until dictator António de Oliveira Salazar is overthrown.
1963 – The Guinea-Bissau War of Independence officially begins when PAIGC guerrilla fighters attack the Portuguese army stationed in Tite.
1964 – The 24th Amendment to the United States Constitution, prohibiting the use of poll taxes in national elections, is ratified.
1967 – Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Ivory Coast are established.
1967 – Milton Keynes (England) is founded as a new town by Order in Council, with a planning brief to become a city of 250,000 people. Its initial designated area enclosed three existing towns and twenty one villages.
1968 – North Korea seizes the USS Pueblo, claiming the ship had violated its territorial waters while spying.
1973 – U.S. President Richard Nixon announces that a peace accord has been reached in Vietnam.
1973 – A volcanic eruption devastates Heimaey in the Vestmannaeyjar chain of islands off the south coast of Iceland.
1978: Sweden announced it would ban aerosol sprays containing chlorofluorocarbons as the propelling agent. It was the first country in the world to do so. At the time, evidence had increasingly suggested that chlorofluorocarbons were damaging Earth ozone layer. The U.S. announced it would ban flurocarbon gases in aerosol products on October 15, 1978. Virtually every country on Earth banned the use of chlorofluorocarbon-propelled aerosol cans with the adoption of the Montreal Protocol in 1989.
1986 – The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducts its first members: Little Richard, Chuck Berry, James Brown, Ray Charles, Fats Domino, the Everly Brothers, Buddy Holly, Jerry Lee Lewis and Elvis Presley.
1997 – Madeleine Albright becomes the first woman to serve as United States Secretary of State.
1997 – Greek serial killer Antonis Daglis is sentenced to thirteen consecutive life sentences, plus 25 years for the serial slayings of three women and the attempted murder of six others.
2001 – Five people attempt to set themselves on fire in Beijing's Tiananmen Square, an act that many people later claim is staged by the Communist Party of China to frame Falun Gong and thus escalate their persecution.
2002 – "American Taliban" John Walker Lindh returns to the United States in FBI custody.
2002 – Reporter Daniel Pearl is kidnapped in Karachi, Pakistan and subsequently murdered.
2003 – The very weak signal from Pioneer 10 is detected for the last time, but no usable data can be extracted.
2014 – A fire breaks out in a L'Isle Verte, Quebec elderly home, killing 28 people.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Espousal of the Blessed Virgin Mary to St. Joseph. Greater Double.
Commemoration of St. Joseph and of Emerentiana, Virgin and Martyr.
Contemporary Western
Abakuh
Marianne of Molokai
Emerentiana
Espousals of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Ildefonsus of Toledo
Marianne of Molokai
Emerentiana
Espousals of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Ildefonsus of Toledo
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Phillips Brooks (Episcopal Church (USA))
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Saint Acholios (Ascholios), Bishop of Thessaloniki (383)
Venerable Eusebius, recluse of Mount Coryphe near Antioch (4th c.)
Venerable Salamanes the Silent (Salamanes the Hesychast), of the Euphrates,
monk (ca. 400)
Venerable Mausimas the Syrian, priest near Cyrrhus (before 423)
Saint Paulinus the Merciful, Bishop of Nola (431)
The Holy Two Martyrs of Parium, near Cyzicus and Lampsacus, in Asia Minor
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Saint Amasius of Teano, Bishop of Teano in central Italy (356)
Saints Severian and Aquila, a husband and wife martyred in Julia Caesarea
in Mauritania in North Africa
Saint Martyrius (Martory), a hermit in the Abruzzi in Italy (6th c.)
Saint Ormond (Armand), monk of the monastery of Saint Mairé in France,
where he became abbot (6th c.)
Saint Ildefonsus, Metropolitan Bishop of Toledo from 657 (667)[
Saint Colman of Lismore, Abbot of Lismore Abbey in Ireland
and also a bishop (702)
Saint Lufthild, a saint honoured near Cologne in Germany,
where she lived as an anchoress (ca. 850)
Saint Maimbod (Mainboeuf), martyred by pagans while preaching to peasants
near Kaltenbrunn in Alsace, now in France (ca. 880)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Venerable Gennadius of Kostroma, monk (1565)
Venerable Alexander, Abbot of Voche, near Galich, in Kostroma Oblast (16th c.)
New Martyrs and Confessors
Monastery (Moscow) (1938)
New Hieromartyr Anatolius (Grisjuk) of Odessa, Bishop and Martyr (1938)
Virgin-martyrs Evdokia and Ekaterine (1938)
Virgin-martyr Militsa (1938)
Other commemorations
Commemoration of the Holy Fathers of the Sixth Ecumenical Council (680-681)
Synaxis of the Saints of Kostroma
Translation of the relics (1786) of St. Theoctistus, Archbishop of Novgorod (1310)
Repose of Abbot Damascene of Valaam Monastery (1881)
Repose of Archimandrite John (Krestiankin) of the Pskov-Caves Monastery (2006)
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