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Events
38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey.
395 – Upon the death in Milan of Emperor Theodosius I, the Roman Empire is permanently re-divided into an eastern and a western half, the Eastern Roman Empire under Arcadius, and the Western Roman Empire under Honorius.
1287 – King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca.
1377 – Pope Gregory XI moves the Papacy back to Rome from Avignon.
1524 – Giovanni da Verrazzano sets sail westward from Madeira to find a sea route to the Pacific Ocean.
1562 – France recognizes the Huguenots by the Edict of Saint-Germain.
1595 – Henry IV of France declares war on Spain.
1608 – Emperor Susenyos I of Ethiopia surprises an Oromo army at Ebenat; his army reportedly kills 12,000 Oromo at the cost of 400 of his men.
1648 – England's Long Parliament passes the "Vote of No Addresses", breaking off negotiations with King Charles I and thereby setting the scene for the second phase of the English Civil War.
1773 – Captain James Cook commands the first expedition to sail south of the Antarctic Circle.
1781 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Cowpens: Continental troops under Brigadier General Daniel Morgan defeat British forces under Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton at the battle in South Carolina.
1799 – Maltese patriot Dun Mikiel Xerri, along with a number of other patriots, is executed.
1811 – Mexican War of Independence: In the Battle of Calderón Bridge, a heavily outnumbered Spanish force of 6,000 troops defeats nearly 100,000 Mexican revolutionaries.
1821 – Moses Austin and 300 U.S. families are given permission by Mexico to settle in Austin. Moses dies during the process and leaves his land to son Stephen Austin.
1852 – The United Kingdom recognizes the independence of the Boer colonies of the Transvaal.
1871 – Andrew Smith Hallidie patents the first cable car in the U.S. It began service in 1873.
1873 – A group of Modoc warriors defeats the United States Army in the First Battle of the Stronghold, part of the Modoc War.
1885 – A British force defeats a large Dervish army at the Battle of Abu Klea in the Sudan.
1893 – Lorrin A. Thurston, along with the Citizens' Committee of Public Safety, led the Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii and the government of Queen Liliʻuokalani.
1899 – The United States takes possession of Wake Island in the Pacific Ocean.
1903 – El Yunque National Forest in Puerto Rico becomes part of the United States National Forest System as the Luquillo Forest Reserve.
1904 – Anton Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard receives its premiere performance at the Moscow Art Theatre.
1912 – Captain Robert Falcon Scott reaches the South Pole, one month after Roald Amundsen.
1913 – Raymond Poincaré is elected President of France.
1915 – Russia defeats Turkey in the Battle of Sarikamish during the Caucasus Campaign of World War I.
1917 – The United States pays Denmark $25 million for the Virgin Islands.
1918 – Finnish Civil War: The first serious battles take place between the Red Guards and the White Guard.
1929 – Popeye the Sailor Man, a cartoon character created by E. C. Segar, first appears in the Thimble Theatre comic strip.
1929 – Inayatullah Khan, king of the Emirate of Afghanistan abdicates the throne after only three days.
1941 – Franco-Thai War: French forces inflict a decisive defeat over the Royal Thai Navy.
1943 – World War II: Greek submarine Papanikolis captures the 200-ton sailing vessel Agios Stefanos and mans her with part of her crew.
1944 – World War II: Allied forces launch the first of four assaults on Monte Cassino with the intention of breaking through the Winter Line and seizing Rome, an effort that would ultimately take four months and cost 105,000 Allied casualties.
1945 – World War II: Soviet forces capture the almost completely destroyed Polish city of Warsaw.
1945 – The Nazis begin the evacuation of the Auschwitz concentration camp as Soviet forces close in.
1946 – The UN Security Council holds its first session.
1949 – The Goldbergs, the first sitcom on American television, airs for the first time.
1950 – Eleven thieves steal more than $2 million from an armored car company's offices in Boston during the Great Brink's Robbery, hailed at the time as "the crime of the century".
1955 – The U.S. Submarine Nautilus begins the first nuclear-powered test voyage. USS Nautilus’ first Commanding Officer, Commander Eugene P. Wilkinson, ordered all lines cast off and signaled the memorable and historic message: “Underway On Nuclear Power.”
1961 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivers a televised farewell address to the nation three days before leaving office, in which he warns against the accumulation of power by the "military–industrial complex" as well as the dangers of massive spending, especially deficit spending.
1961 – Former Congolese Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba is murdered in circumstances suggesting the support and complicity of the governments of Belgium and the United States.
1966 – Palomares incident: A B-52 bomber collides with a KC-135 Stratotanker over Spain, killing seven airmen, and dropping three 70-kiloton nuclear bombs near the town of Palomares and another one into the sea.
1969 – Black Panther Party members Bunchy Carter and John Huggins are killed during a meeting in Campbell Hall on the campus of UCLA.
1977 – Convicted murderer Gary Gilmore is executed by a firing squad in Utah, ending a ten-year moratorium on capital punishment in the United States.
1981 – President of the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos lifts martial law eight years and five months after declaring it.
1982 – "Cold Sunday": In numerous cities in the United States temperatures fall to their lowest levels in over 100 years.
1983 – The tallest department store in the world, Hudson's flagship store in downtown Detroit, closes due to high cost of operating.
1991 – Gulf War: Operation Desert Storm begins early in the morning. Iraq fires eight Scud missiles into Israel in an unsuccessful bid to provoke Israeli retaliation.
1991 – Harald V becomes King of Norway on the death of his father, Olav V.
1992 – During a visit to South Korea, Japanese Prime Minister Kiichi Miyazawa apologizes for forcing Korean women into sexual slavery during World War II.
1994 – Northridge earthquake: A magnitude 6.7 earthquake hits Northridge, California.
1995 – The Great Hanshin earthquake: A magnitude 7.3 earthquake occurs near Kobe, Japan, causing extensive property damage and killing 6,434 people.
1996 – The Czech Republic applies for membership of the European Union.
1997 – Cape Canaveral Air Force Station: A Delta 2 carrying a GPS2R satellite explodes 13 seconds after launch, dropping 250 tons of burning rocket remains around the launch pad.
1998 – Lewinsky scandal: Matt Drudge breaks the story of the Bill Clinton–Monica Lewinsky affair on his website The Drudge Report.
2002 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, displacing an estimated 400,000 people.
2007 – The Doomsday Clock is set to five minutes to midnight in response to North Korea nuclear testing.
2008 – British Airways Flight 38 crash lands just short of London Heathrow Airport in England with no fatalities. It is the first complete hull loss of a Boeing 777.
2010 – Rioting begins between Muslim and Christian groups in Jos, Nigeria, resulting in at least 200 deaths.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Antony, Abbot. Double.
Contemporary Western
Anthony the Great
Blessed Angelo Paoli
Blessed Gamelbert of Michaelsbuch
Jenaro Sánchez Delgadillo
(one of Saints of the Cristero War)
Mildgyth
Sulpitius the Pious
Blessed Angelo Paoli
Blessed Gamelbert of Michaelsbuch
Jenaro Sánchez Delgadillo
(one of Saints of the Cristero War)
Mildgyth
Sulpitius the Pious
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Charles Gore (Church of England)
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Venerable Anthony the Great, God-bearing father of monasticism (356)
Martyr Jonilla and her infant son Turbo (c. 161-180)
Saint Theodosius the Great, Roman Emperor (395)
Venerable Achilles the Confessor, hermit of Egypt (5th c.)
Venerable Anthony the New Wonderworker, of Veria in Greece,
near the Haliacmon river (11th c.)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Saints Genulfus (Genou) and Genitus, two monks who lived in Celle-sur-Nahon
in France (c. 3rd c.)
Venerable Antony, Merulus and John, three monks at St Andrew's on the Coelian
Hill in Rome (6th c.)
Saint Nennius (Ninnidh), disciple of St Finian of Clonard, reckoned as one of the
'Twelve Apostles of Ireland' (6th c.)
Saint Sulpicius II Pius (Severus the Pious), Bishop of Bourges (647)
Saint Mildgyth, a Benedictine nun and later abbess of a Northumbrian convent (c. 676)
Saint Richimirus, under the patronage of the Bishop of Le Mans, he founded the
monastery later called Saint-Rigomer-des-Bois (715)
Saint Joseph of Freising, Bishop of Freising (764)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Anthony the Roman of Novgorod, Abbot (1147)
Saint Anthony, Abbot of Dymsk in Novgorod (1224)
Saint Anthony of Chernoezersk (Anthony of Black Lake), monk (c. 14th century)
Saint Anthony of Krasny Kholm, monk (1481)
Venerable Anthony of Meteora (Anthony Kantakouzènos), founder and Abbot of the
Monastery of St. Stephen at Meteora (15th c.)
Venerable Philotheos of Meteora, second founder of the Monastery of St. Stephen
at Meteora (16th c.)
Saint Macarius (Kalogeras), Hierodeacon, of Patmos (1737)
New Martyr George of Ioannina (1838)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Victor Evropeytsev, Priest (1931)
New Hieromartyr Paul Uspensky, Priest (1938)
Other commemorations
Venerable Anthony the Great, God-bearing father of monasticism (356)
Martyr Jonilla and her infant son Turbo (c. 161-180)
Saint Theodosius the Great, Roman Emperor (395)
Venerable Achilles the Confessor, hermit of Egypt (5th c.)
Venerable Anthony the New Wonderworker, of Veria in Greece,
near the Haliacmon river (11th c.)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Saints Genulfus (Genou) and Genitus, two monks who lived in Celle-sur-Nahon
in France (c. 3rd c.)
Venerable Antony, Merulus and John, three monks at St Andrew's on the Coelian
Hill in Rome (6th c.)
Saint Nennius (Ninnidh), disciple of St Finian of Clonard, reckoned as one of the
'Twelve Apostles of Ireland' (6th c.)
Saint Sulpicius II Pius (Severus the Pious), Bishop of Bourges (647)
Saint Mildgyth, a Benedictine nun and later abbess of a Northumbrian convent (c. 676)
Saint Richimirus, under the patronage of the Bishop of Le Mans, he founded the
monastery later called Saint-Rigomer-des-Bois (715)
Saint Joseph of Freising, Bishop of Freising (764)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Anthony the Roman of Novgorod, Abbot (1147)
Saint Anthony, Abbot of Dymsk in Novgorod (1224)
Saint Anthony of Chernoezersk (Anthony of Black Lake), monk (c. 14th century)
Saint Anthony of Krasny Kholm, monk (1481)
Venerable Anthony of Meteora (Anthony Kantakouzènos), founder and Abbot of the
Monastery of St. Stephen at Meteora (15th c.)
Venerable Philotheos of Meteora, second founder of the Monastery of St. Stephen
at Meteora (16th c.)
Saint Macarius (Kalogeras), Hierodeacon, of Patmos (1737)
New Martyr George of Ioannina (1838)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Victor Evropeytsev, Priest (1931)
New Hieromartyr Paul Uspensky, Priest (1938)
Other commemorations
Repose of St. Anthony, Bishop of Vologda (1588)
Repose of Schema-abbot Herman of Zosima Hermitage (1923)
Repose of Archimandrite Tikhon (Bogoslovtsev) of Inkerman (1950)
Repose of Bishop Sava (Sarachevich) of Edmonton (1973)
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