Tuesday, January 15, 2013

January 14 in history


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JAN 13      INDEX      JAN 15
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Events

378 General Siyaj K'ak', a Mayan warlord, conquers Tikal and increases the domain of Teotihuacan

1129 Formal approval of the Order of Templars at the Council of Troyes

1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary.

1343 – Arnošt of Pardubice becomes the last bishop of Prague and, subsequently, the first Archbishop of Prague.

1501 Martin Luther enters the University of Erfurt, aged 17

1514 Pope Leo X issues a papal bull against slavery

1526 Charles V and Francis I sign the Treaty of Madrid, forcing Francis to give up claims to Burgundy, Italy and Flanders

1539 – Spain annexes Cuba.

1601 Church authorities in Rome burn Hebrew books

1639 – The "Fundamental Orders", the first written constitution in the American Colonies that created a government, is adopted by representatives from the Connecticut towns of Hartford, Wethersfield, and Windsor, and published by Rodger Ludlow

1641 Dutch East India Company conquers the city of Malacca, 7,000 killed

1659 Battle at Elvas: Portuguese beat Spanish

1690 The musical instrument, the clarinet is invented in Nürnberg, Germany

1699 Massachusetts holds day of fasting for wrongly persecuting "witches"

1717 German mob leader and thief "Sjako" sentenced to death in Amsterdam

1724 – King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne.

1739 Britain and Spain sign 2nd Convention of Pardo

1746 "Bonnie Prince Charlie", Prince Charles Edward Stuart's army leaves Glasgow, Scotland [OS=Jan 3]

1761 – Third Battle of Panipat: In one of the largest battles of the century, the mostly Muslim Afghani Durrani Empire defeats the mostly Hindu Maratha Empire in Northern India. An estimated 60,000–70,000 were killed in the fighting and about 40,000 Maratha prisoners massacred afterwards.

1784 – American Revolutionary War: Ratification Day, United States Congress of the Confederation ratifies the Treaty of Paris, signed September 3, 1783, ending the Revolutionary War, and forwards it to Great Britain.

1785 Amadeus Mozart completes his String Quartet No. 19 in C ("Dissonanzenquartett / "Dissonance quartet") the last of six quartet set dedicated to Joseph Haydn (Op. 10/6, K. 465)

1794 Dr Jessee Bennet of Edom, Virginia, performs 1st successful Cesarean section operation in the US on his wife

1799 Eli Whitney receives government contract for 10,000 muskets

1799 King of Naples flees before advancing French armies

1813 Gideon Hawley becomes 1st state school superintendent in US (NY)

1814 – Treaty of Kiel: Frederick VI of Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden in return for Pomerania.

1822 – Greek War of Independence: Acrocorinth is captured by Theodoros Kolokotronis and Demetrios Ypsilantis.

1858 – Napoleon III of France escapes an assassination attempt by Felice Orsini, an Italian patriot who was later executed.

1863 Battle between gunboats at Bayou Teche, Louisiana

1864 Battle of Cosby Creek, Tennessee

1864 General Sherman begins his march to the South

1868 North Carolina constitutional convention meets in Raleigh

1868 South Carolina constitutional convention meets with a black majority

1873 "Celluloid" registered as a trademark by its inventor John Wesley Hyatt

1873 Prominent African American Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback elected to US Senate (though never seated due to state elections controversy)

1874 I. D. Shadd elected Speaker of lower house of Mississippi legislature

1878 US Supreme court rules race separation on trains unconstitutional

1900 Giacomo Puccini's opera "Tosca" premieres in Rome

1905 Raymond Hubbell, Sam Shubert & Robert Smith's musical "Fontana" opens at the Lyric Theatre, NYC; runs 298 for performances

1907 – An earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica kills more than 1,000.

1911 – Roald Amundsen's South Pole expedition makes landfall on the eastern edge of the Ross Ice Shelf.

1912 Raymond Poincaré becomes Premier of France

1914 The Gandhi-Smuts Agreement is reached between Gen. J.C. Smuts and Mahatma Gandhi, regarding voluntary registration, poll tax, recognition of Indian marriages and other matters

1916 Dutch Zuiderzee dyke cracks

1918 Finland and USSR adopt New Style (Gregorian) calendar

1925 Alban Berg's atonale opera "Wozzeck" premieres in Berlin

1929 Afghan King Amanullah forced to resign

1933 George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin, George S. Kaufman and Morrie Ryskind's musical political satire "Of Thee I Sing" closes at the Music Box Theatre, NYC, after for 441 performances; first musical to win Pulitzer Prize for Drama

1935 Iraq-Mediterranean oil pipeline goes into use

1936 L. M. (Mario) Giannini elected President of Bank of America

1938 National Society for Legalization of Euthanasia forms (NY)

1939 All commercial ferry services between San Francisco and East Bay end

1939 – Norway claims Queen Maud Land in Antarctica.

1942 Japanese troops land at oil center Balikpapan in Borneo

1943 – World War II: Japan begins Operation Ke, the successful operation to evacuate its forces from Guadalcanal during the Guadalcanal Campaign.

1943 – World War II: Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes the first President of the United States to travel by airplane while in office when he travels from Miami to Morocco to meet with Winston Churchill.

1943 – World War II: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill begin the Casablanca Conference to discuss strategy and study the next phase of the war.

1944 Soviet army begins offensive at Oranienbaum/Wolchow

1945 In Greece, Communists and the British agree to a cease-fire in the struggle to control Athens (and with it Greece)

1946 2 jetties collapse in Ganges, crushing 160 Hindu pilgrims

1949 Black and Indian race rebellion in Durban, South Africa; 142 die

1950 "As the Girls Go" closes at Winter Garden Theater NYC after 420 performances

1950 US recalls all consular officials from China

1950 – The first prototype of the MiG-17 makes its maiden flight.

1952 Rationing of coffee in Netherlands ends

1952 – NBC's long-running morning news program Today debuts, hosted by Dave Garroway and Jack Lescoulie.

1952 Snowstorm in Sierra Nevada kills 26

1953 Vaughan William's "Sinfonia Antartica" premieres in Manchester

1953 – Marshal Josip Broz Tito is inaugurated as the first President of Yugoslavia.

1954 – The Hudson Motor Car Company merges with Nash-Kelvinator Corporation forming the American Motors Corporation.

1954 – Marilyn Monroe and Joe DiMaggio are married at San Francisco City Hall. The marriage lasts about nine months.

1954 Sandy Wilson's musical "The Boy Friend" opens at Wyndham's Theatre, in London's West End

1955 Heitor Villa-Lobos' 8th Symphony premieres by the Philadelphia Orchestra, conducted by the composer, in Carnegie Hall, New York City

1956 Jordan government refuses to join Pact of Baghdad

1956 Little Richard releases single "Tutti Frutti"

1957 – Kripalu Maharaj was named fifth Jagadguru (world teacher) after giving seven days of speeches before 500 Hindu scholars.

1960 – The Reserve Bank of Australia, the country's central bank and banknote issuing authority, is established.

1960 Tuindorp-Oostzaan in Northern Amsterdam, flooded

1960 US Army promotes Elvis Presley to Sergeant

1963 "The Bell Jar" by Sylvia Plath is published by Heinemann in the UK, the author commits suicide a month later

1963 George Wallace sworn in as Governor of Alabama, his address states "segregation now; segregation tomorrow; segregation forever!"

1964 Jacqueline Kennedy's 1st public appearance (TV) since US President JFK's assassination

1966 David Bowie releases his 1st single "Can't Help Thinking About Me"

1967 20,000 attend Human Be-In, San Francisco

1967 Earthquake in Sicily kills 231

1967 New York Times reports Army is conducting secret germ warfare experiments

1967 Sonny & Cher release single "Beat Goes On"

1967 – Counterculture of the 1960s: The Human Be-In, takes place in San Francisco, California's Golden Gate Park; 20,000 attend, launching the Summer of Love.

1969 – An accidental explosion aboard the USS Enterprise near Hawaii kills 27 people.

1969 Soyuz 4 launched; rendezvous with Soyuz 5 two days later

1970 Royal Ulster Constabulary officers patrol the Falls Road area of Belfast for the first time since 1969

1972 "Sanford & Son" starring Redd Foxx and Demond Wilson premieres on NBC TV

1972 – Queen Margrethe II of Denmark ascends the throne, the first Queen of Denmark since 1412 and the first Danish monarch not named Frederick or Christian since 1513.

1973 – Elvis Presley's concert Aloha from Hawaii is broadcast live via satellite, and sets the record as the most watched broadcast by an individual entertainer in television history.

1973 2 Royal Ulster Constabulary officers are killed in Derry by a booby-trap bomb attached to their car by the Irish Republican Army

1973 Dancer Roy Castle is measured at 1,440 taps/min on BBC TV

1973 Grateful Dead bass player, Phil Lesh, busted on drugs in California

1975 – Teenage heiress Lesley Whittle is kidnapped by Donald Neilson, aka "the Black Panther".

1975 USSR breaks trade agreement with US

1976 "The Bionic Woman" with Lindsay Wagner debuts on ABC (later NBC)

1977 "Fantasy Island" starring Ricardo Montalbán and Hervé Villechaize premieres on ABC TV

1977 RCA releases David Bowie's 11th studio album, "Low"; the album is the first collaboration with Brian Eno, in what becomes known as his 'Berlin trilogy'

1979 US President Jimmy Carter proposes Martin Luther King Jr.'s birthday be a federal holiday

1981 US Federal Communications Commission frees stations to air as many commercials an hour as they wish

1985 16 indicted by US for granting sanctuary to Central American refugees

1985 British pound sinks to record low $US1.11

1986 Constitution of Guatemala takes effect

1986 Vinicio Cerezo becomes only the second freely elected President of Guatemala since CIA-sponsored coup in 1954

1989 "Romance/Romance" closes at Helen Hayes Theater NYC after 297 performances

1989 1,000 Muslims burn Salman Rushdies' "Satanic Verses" in Bradford, England

1989 29 year old French woman gives birth to sextuplets in Paris

1989 Former Belgian premier Paul Vanden Boeynants kidnapped

1990 Un Secretary-General Javier Perez de Cuellar says he has lost all hope for peace in Gulf

1991 Jorge Serrano Elias sworn in as President of Guatemala

1991 Tyne Daly arrested for drunk driving in Van Nuys, California

1991 Valentin Pavlov become new premier of USSR

1993 – In Poland's worst peacetime maritime disaster, ferry MS Jan Heweliusz sinks off the coast of Rügen, drowning 55 passengers and crew; nine crewmembers are saved.

1993 "Anna Christie" opens at Criterion Theater NYC for 54 performances, starring Natasha Richardson and Liam Neeson,

1993 David Letterman announces his show is moving from NBC to CBS

1994 Russian manned space craft TM-17, lands

1994 The Duchess of Kent converts to Catholicism, the first member of the Royal Family to do so in more than 300 years

1995 10,000 South Africans attend state funeral of Joe Slovo

1995 Mexico pledges profits from state-owned Pemex's $7-billion-per-year oil revenues in an effort to secure US congressional approval of loan guarantees; President Clinton approves a $20-billion U.S. aid package for Mexico

1996 "Holiday" closes at Circle in Sq Theater NYC after 49 performances

1996 "Swinging On a Star" closes at Music Box Theater NYC after 97 performances

1998 Researchers in Dallas, Texas present findings about an enzyme that slows aging and cell death (apoptosis)

1999 – Toronto Mayor Mel Lastman becomes the first mayor in Canada to call in the Army to help with emergency medical evacuations and snow removal after more than one meter of snow paralyzes the city.

2000 – A United Nations tribunal sentences five Bosnian Croats to up to 25 years for the 1993 killing of over 100 Muslims in a Bosnian village.

2002 UK declared free of foot-and-mouth cattle disease

2004 – The national flag of the Republic of Georgia, the so-called "five cross flag", is restored to official use after a hiatus of some 500 years.

2005 – The Huygens probe lands on Saturn's moon Titan.

2007 Legendary Russian test pilot Marina Popovich is awarded the honorary title "The Hero of the Nation" by the Russian Federation

2008 MESSENGER spacecraft performs a Mercury flyby

2010 – Yemen declares an open war against the terrorist group al-Qaeda.

2011 – Former president of Tunisia, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali flees his country to Saudi Arabia after a series of street demonstrations against his regime and corrupt policies, asking for freedom, rights and democracy, considered as the anniversary of the Tunisian Revolution and the birth of the Arab Spring.

2011 Stampede near Sabarimala in Kerala, India kills 104 devotees and injures 100 more

2012 Ma Ying-jeou wins re-election as President of the Republic of China with 51% of the vote

2012 Suicide bomber kills 53 and injures 130 in Basra, Iraq

2013 Mike Pence sworn in as 50th governor of Indiana

2014 American journalist David Satter is expelled from Russia

2015 63 people are killed and 70,000 are left homeless after floods devastate Mozambique and Malawi

2016 Sixth republican presidential candidates debate hosted by Fox, held in North Charleston, South Carolina

2019 Americans chance of dying from an accidental opioid overdose higher than a car accident for the first time, according to US National Safety Council

2019 China posts shock drop in trade figures with a 4.4% fall in exports for December and a 7.6% fall in imports

2019 Pawel Adamowicz, Mayor of Gdańsk, Poland, stabbed on stage at charity event. Dies two days later.

2019 Spinning disk of ice 300m wide, resembling the moon, forms in the Presumpscot river, Westbrook, Maine

2019 US President Donald Trump denies he is a Russian agent after NY Times article states the FBI started an investigation and the Washington Post raised issues over a meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin

2019 US Republican leaders strip Congressman Steve King from House committees after series of racist comments

2020 US game show Jeopardy "greatest of all time" tournament won by Ken Jennings

2021 Brazilian governor of Amazonas state Wilson Lima says their COVID-19 surge is now as bad as April 2020, with hospitals running out of oxygen and patients ventilated manually

2021 Former Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder charged and pleads not guilty to two counts of willful neglect of duty over the Flint water scandal that killed 12 people

2021 Pope Francis, 84, and Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI receive their first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine

2021 Uganda elections re-elect President Museveni (in power since 1986), with main opposition presidential candidate Bobi Wine disputing the result

2021 US Secret Service takes control of Joe Biden's inauguration as 20,000 troops authorized to guard Washington D.C., more than those stationed in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria and Somalia



Saints' Days and Holy Days

Traditional Western

Hilary, Bishop of Poitiers, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church.     Double.
Commemoration of St. Felix, Priest and Martyr.


Contemporary Western

Barba'shmin
Blessed Devasahayam Pillai
Divina Pastora (Barquisimeto)
Felix of Nola
Macrina the Elder


Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran

Eivind Berggrav (Lutheran)


Eastern Orthodox

January 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

Feasts

Apodosis (Leavetaking) of the Theophany of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ

Saints

Virgin-martyr Agnes, in dark solitary confinement
Saint Nina (Nino), Equal-to-the-Apostles, Enlightener of Georgia (335)
Saint Joseph Analytinus of Raithu Monastery (4th c.)
The Holy Fathers slain at Mt. Sinai and Raithu (4th-5th century), including the
      Holy 38 Fathers slain at Mt. Sinai, and the Holy 33 Fathers slain at Raithu:
            Hieromartyrs Isaiah, Sabbas, Moses and his disciple Moses, Jeremiah,
            Paul, Adam, Sergius, Domnus, Proclus, Hypatius, Isaac, Macarius, Mark,
            Benjamin, Eusebius, Elias, and others.
Saint Theodoulos, son of St. Nilus of Sinai (5th c.)
Venerable Stephen, Abbot of Chenolakkos Monastery in Triglia, near Chalcedon (716)

Pre-Schism Western Saints

Saint Felix of Nola, a presbyter at Nola near Naples in Italy, sometimes referred
      to as a martyr (c. 250)
Saint Euphrasius, a bishop martyred in North Africa by the Arian Vandals
Saint Dacius (Datius), Bishop of Milan (552)
Saint Kentigern (Kentigern Mungo, Kentigern of Glasgow), first Bishop
      of Strathclyde (Glasgow), Scotland (614)

Post-Schism Orthodox Saints

Saint Sava I, Enlightener and First Archbishop of Serbia (1235)
Saint Joannicius of Tarnovo, Metropolitan of Tarnovo in Bulgaria (13th c.)
Saint Acacius, Bishop of Tver (1567)
Saint Meletius (Yakimov), Bishop of Ryazan, Missionary to Yakutia (1900)
New Hiero-Confessor John (Kevroletin), Hiero-Schemamonk, of Verkhoturye (1961)

New Martyrs and Confessors

New Martyrs slain at Raithu Monastery near Kazan (c. 1933)
New Martyr Ambrose (Gudko), Bishop of Sarapul and Yelabug (1918)
New-Martyr Platon (Kulbush), Archbishop of Reval (Estonia) (1919)

Other commemorations

Repose of Nicholas Motovilov (1879), disciple of St. Seraphim of Sarov
Repose of Hieromonk Cosmas of Grigoriou, Missionary to Zaire (1989)



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