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Events
1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen.
1607 – An estimated 200 square miles (51,800 ha) along the coasts of the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary in England are destroyed by massive flooding, resulting in an estimated 2,000 deaths.
1648 – Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster and Osnabrück is signed, ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain.
1649 – King Charles I of England is beheaded.
1661 – Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England is ritually executed two years after his death, on the anniversary of the execution of the monarch he himself deposed.
1667 – The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth cedes Kiev, Smolensk, and left-bank Ukraine to the Tsardom of Russia in the Treaty of Andrusovo.
1703 – The Forty-seven Ronin, under the command of Ōishi Kuranosuke, avenge the death of their master.
1789 – Tây Sơn forces emerge victorious against Qing armies and liberate the capital Thăng Long.
1790 – The first boat specializing as a lifeboat is tested on the River Tyne.
1806 – The original Lower Trenton Bridge (also called the Trenton Makes the World Takes Bridge), which spans the Delaware River between Morrisville, Pennsylvania and Trenton, New Jersey, is opened.
1815 – Thomas Jefferson’s 6,500 volumes are used to re-establish the burned U.S. Library of Congress.
1820 – Edward Bransfield sights the Trinity Peninsula and claims the discovery of Antarctica.
1826 – The Menai Suspension Bridge, considered the world's first modern suspension bridge, connecting the Isle of Anglesey to the north West coast of Wales, is opened.
1835 – In the first assassination attempt against a President of the United States, Richard Lawrence attempts to shoot president Andrew Jackson, but fails and is subdued by a crowd, including several congressmen as well as Jackson himself.
1841 – A fire destroys two-thirds of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
1858 – The first Hallé concert is given in Manchester, England, marking the official founding of The Hallé orchestra as a full-time, professional orchestra.
1862 – The first American ironclad warship, the USS Monitor is launched.
1889 – Archduke Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian crown, is found dead with his mistress Baroness Mary Vetsera in the Mayerling.
1902 – The first Anglo-Japanese Alliance is signed in London.
1908 – Indian pacifist and leader Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is released from prison by Jan C. Smuts after being tried and sentenced to two months in jail earlier in the month.
1911 – The destroyer USS Terry makes the first airplane rescue at sea saving the life of Douglas McCurdy ten miles from Havana, Cuba.
1911 – The Canadian Naval Service becomes the Royal Canadian Navy.
1913 – The British House of Lords rejects the Irish Home Rule Bill.
1925 – The Government of Turkey throws Patriarch Constantine VI out of Istanbul.
1930 – The Politburo of the Soviet Union orders the extermination of the Kulaks.
1933 – Adolf Hitler is sworn in as Chancellor of Germany.
1933 – The "Lone Ranger" begins its 21-year run on ABC radio.
1942 – World War II: Japanese forces invade the island of Ambon in the Dutch East Indies.
1943 – World War II: Second day of the Battle of Rennell Island. The USS Chicago (CA-29) is sunk and a U.S. destroyer is heavily damaged by Japanese torpedoes.
1944 – World War II: The Battle of Cisterna, part of Operation Shingle, begins in central Italy.
1944 – World War II: American troops land on Majuro, Marshall Islands.
1945 – World War II: The Wilhelm Gustloff, overfilled with German refugees, sinks in the Baltic Sea after being torpedoed by a Soviet submarine, killing approximately 9,500 people in what is the deadliest known maritime disaster.
1948 – Mahatma Gandhi, known for his non-violent freedom struggle, is assassinated by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist.
1956 – African-American civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr.'s home is bombed in retaliation for the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
1957 – The Eisenhower Doctrine is accepted in congress.
1959 – MS Hans Hedtoft, said to be the safest ship afloat and "unsinkable" like the RMS Titanic, strikes an iceberg on her maiden voyage and sinks, killing all 95 aboard.
1960 – The African National Party is founded in Chad, through the merger of traditionalist parties.
1964 – Ranger program: Ranger 6 is launched.
1964 – In a bloodless coup, General Nguyễn Khánh overthrows General Dương Văn Minh's military junta in South Vietnam.
1965 – Some one million people attend former Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill's funeral, the biggest in the United Kingdom up to that point.
1968 – Vietnam War: Tet Offensive launch by forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army against South Vietnam, the United States, and their allies.
1969 – The Beatles' last public performance, on the roof of Apple Records in London. The impromptu concert is broken up by the police.
1971 – Carole King's Tapestry album is released to become the longest charting album by a female solo artist and sell 24 million copies worldwide.
1972 – The Troubles: Bloody Sunday — British Paratroopers open fire on and kill fourteen unarmed civil rights/anti-internment marchers in Derry, Northern Ireland.
1972 – Pakistan withdraws from the Commonwealth of Nations.
1975 – The Monitor National Marine Sanctuary is established as the first United States National Marine Sanctuary.
1979 – A Varig Boeing 707-323C freighter, flown by the same commander as Flight 820, disappears over the Pacific Ocean 30 minutes after taking off from Tokyo.
1982 – Richard Skrenta writes the first PC virus code, which is 400 lines long and disguised as an Apple boot program called "Elk Cloner".
1989 – Closure of the American embassy in Kabul, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
1994 – Péter Lékó becomes the youngest chess grandmaster.
1995 – Workers from the National Institutes of Health announce the success of clinical trials testing the first preventive treatment for sickle-cell disease.
2000 – Off the coast of Ivory Coast, Kenya Airways Flight 431 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, killing 169.
2003 – The Kingdom of Belgium officially recognizes same-sex marriages.
2013 – Naro-1 becomes the first carrier rocket launched by South Korea.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Martina, Virgin and Martyr. Double.
Contemporary Western
Aldegonde
Balthild
Charles I of England
Hippolytus of Rome
Hyacintha Mariscotti
Martina
Mutien-Marie Wiaux
Savina
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
January 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Feasts
Synaxis of the Three Holy Hierarchs:
Saint Basil the Great, Saint Gregory the Theologian, and Saint John Chrysostom.
Saints
Hieromartyr Hippolytus, priest, of Antioch, martyred in the period of the
heretical Novatianists
Hieromartyr Hippolytus of Rome, Bishop of Rome, and those with him:
Martyrs Censorinus, Sabinus, Ares (Aares), the virgin Chryse (Chryse
of Rome), Felix, Maximus, Herculianus, Venerius, Styracius, Mennas,
Commodus, Hermes, Maurus, Eusebius, Rusticus, Monagrius, Amandinus,
Olympius, Cyprus, Theodore the Tribune, the priest Maximus, the deacon
Archelaus, and the bishop Cyriacus, at Ostia, – under Roman Emperor
Claudius Gothicus and a vicarius named Ulpius Romulus (269)
Venerable Zeno the Hermit, of Antioch (414), disciple of St. Basil the Great.
Martyr Theophilus the New, in Cyprus (784)
Venerable Kyriakos, ascetic of the Great Lavra of St. Sabbas the Sanctified (7th-8th c.)
Saint Peter I of Bulgaria, King of Bulgaria (969)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Saint Martina of Rome, a martyr in Rome under Alexander Severus (228)
Saint Savina of Milan (Sabina), born in Milan, she ministered to martyrs in prison
and buried their bodies during the persecution of Diocletian (311)
Saint Armentarius of Antibes, first Bishop of Antibes in Provence in France (ca. 451)
Martyrs Felician, Philippian and Companions, a group of 126 martyrs in North Africa
Saint Tudy (Tudclyd, Tybie), a virgin in Wales; Llandydie church in Dyfed
is named after her (5th c.)
Saint Adelgonda, foundress of Maubeuge Abbey (680)
Saint Balthildes, Queen of France (680)
Saint Armentarius of Pavia, Bishop of Pavia (ca. 711)
Saint Amnichad (Amnuchad), a monk and then a hermit at Fulda monastery (1043)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Venerable Zeno the Faster, of the Kiev Caves Monastery (14th century)
New Martyr Hadji Theodore of Mytilene (Mt. Athos) (1784)
New Martyr Demetrius of Sliven (1841)
Saint Theophil, fool-for-Christ, of Svyatogorsk Monastery (1868)
Blessed Pelagia of Diveyevo Monastery, fool-for-Christ (1884)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Vladimir Kristenovich, Priest (1933)
New Martyr Stephen Nalivayko (1945)
Other commemorations
Finding of the Wonderworking Icon of Panagia Evangelistria of Tinos (1823)
Commemoration of the deliverance of the island of Zakynthos from the plague
by Saint George the Great-Martyr (1688)
Traditional Western
Martina, Virgin and Martyr. Double.
Contemporary Western
Aldegonde
Balthild
Charles I of England
Hippolytus of Rome
Hyacintha Mariscotti
Martina
Mutien-Marie Wiaux
Savina
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
January 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Feasts
Synaxis of the Three Holy Hierarchs:
Saint Basil the Great, Saint Gregory the Theologian, and Saint John Chrysostom.
Saints
Hieromartyr Hippolytus, priest, of Antioch, martyred in the period of the
heretical Novatianists
Hieromartyr Hippolytus of Rome, Bishop of Rome, and those with him:
Martyrs Censorinus, Sabinus, Ares (Aares), the virgin Chryse (Chryse
of Rome), Felix, Maximus, Herculianus, Venerius, Styracius, Mennas,
Commodus, Hermes, Maurus, Eusebius, Rusticus, Monagrius, Amandinus,
Olympius, Cyprus, Theodore the Tribune, the priest Maximus, the deacon
Archelaus, and the bishop Cyriacus, at Ostia, – under Roman Emperor
Claudius Gothicus and a vicarius named Ulpius Romulus (269)
Venerable Zeno the Hermit, of Antioch (414), disciple of St. Basil the Great.
Martyr Theophilus the New, in Cyprus (784)
Venerable Kyriakos, ascetic of the Great Lavra of St. Sabbas the Sanctified (7th-8th c.)
Saint Peter I of Bulgaria, King of Bulgaria (969)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Saint Martina of Rome, a martyr in Rome under Alexander Severus (228)
Saint Savina of Milan (Sabina), born in Milan, she ministered to martyrs in prison
and buried their bodies during the persecution of Diocletian (311)
Saint Armentarius of Antibes, first Bishop of Antibes in Provence in France (ca. 451)
Martyrs Felician, Philippian and Companions, a group of 126 martyrs in North Africa
Saint Tudy (Tudclyd, Tybie), a virgin in Wales; Llandydie church in Dyfed
is named after her (5th c.)
Saint Adelgonda, foundress of Maubeuge Abbey (680)
Saint Balthildes, Queen of France (680)
Saint Armentarius of Pavia, Bishop of Pavia (ca. 711)
Saint Amnichad (Amnuchad), a monk and then a hermit at Fulda monastery (1043)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Venerable Zeno the Faster, of the Kiev Caves Monastery (14th century)
New Martyr Hadji Theodore of Mytilene (Mt. Athos) (1784)
New Martyr Demetrius of Sliven (1841)
Saint Theophil, fool-for-Christ, of Svyatogorsk Monastery (1868)
Blessed Pelagia of Diveyevo Monastery, fool-for-Christ (1884)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Vladimir Kristenovich, Priest (1933)
New Martyr Stephen Nalivayko (1945)
Other commemorations
Finding of the Wonderworking Icon of Panagia Evangelistria of Tinos (1823)
Commemoration of the deliverance of the island of Zakynthos from the plague
by Saint George the Great-Martyr (1688)
Coptic Church
Anthony the Great
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