Tuesday, January 22, 2013

January 21 in history


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JAN 20      INDEX      JAN 22
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Events


763 – The Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa ends in a decisive Abbasid victory.

1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, George Blaurock, and about a dozen others baptize each other in the home of Manz's mother in Zürich, breaking a thousand-year tradition of church-state union.

1535 – Following the Affair of the Placards, French Protestants are burned at the stake in front of the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris.

1720 – Sweden and Prussia sign the Treaty of Stockholm.

1749 – The Teatro Filarmonico in Verona is destroyed by fire. It is rebuilt in 1754.

1774 – Abdul Hamid I became Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam.

1789 – Widely considered to be the first American novel, "The Power of Sympathy" by William Hill Brown is printed in Boston.

1793 – After being found guilty of treason by the French Convention, Louis XVI of France is executed by guillotine.
The Old Y Bridge in 1909
whatwasthere.com

1812:  The Y-bridge in Zanesville, OH, is approved for construction.

1861 – American Civil War: Jefferson Davis resigns from the United States Senate.

1864 – The Tauranga Campaign begins during the New Zealand Wars.

1887 – A total of 465 millimetres (18.3 in) rain falls in Brisbane, a record for any Australian capital city.

1893 – The Tati Concessions Land, formerly part of Matabeleland, is formally annexed to the Bechuanaland Protectorate, now Botswana.

1899 – Opel manufactures its first automobile.

1908 – New York City passes the Sullivan Ordinance, making it illegal for women to smoke in public, only to have the measure vetoed by the mayor.

1911 – The first Monte Carlo Rally takes place.

1915 – Kiwanis International is founded in Detroit.

1919 – Meeting of the First Dáil Éireann in the Mansion House Dublin. Sinn Féin adopts Ireland's first constitution. The first engagement of Irish War of Independence, Soloheadbeg Ambush, County Tipperary.

1925 – Albania declares itself a republic.

1931 – Sir Isaac Isaacs is sworn in as the first Australian-born Governor-General of Australia.

1941 – Sparked by the murder of a German officer in Bucharest, Romania, the day before, members of the Iron Guard engaged in a rebellion and pogrom killing 125 Jews.

1948 – The Flag of Quebec is adopted and flown for the first time over the National Assembly of Quebec. The day is marked annually as Québec Flag Day.

1950 – American lawyer and government official Alger Hiss is convicted of perjury.

1954 – The first nuclear-powered submarine, the USS Nautilus, is launched in Groton, Connecticut by Mamie Eisenhower, the First Lady of the United States.

1958 – The last Fokker C.X in military service, the Finnish Air Force FK-111 target tower, crashes, killing the pilot and winch-operator.

1960 – Little Joe 1B, a Mercury spacecraft, lifts off from Wallops Island, Virginia with Miss Sam, a female rhesus monkey on board.

1960 – Avianca Flight 671 crashes and burns upon landing at Montego Bay, Jamaica, killing 37. It is the worst air disaster in Jamaica's history and the first for Avianca.

1961 – Four hundred thirty-five workers are buried alive when a mine in Coalbrook, Free State collapses.

1968 – Vietnam War: Battle of Khe Sanh: One of the most publicized and controversial battles of the war begins.

1968 – A B-52 bomber crashes near Thule Air Base, contaminating the area after its nuclear payload ruptures. One of the four bombs remains unaccounted for after the cleanup operation is complete.

1971 – The current Emley Moor transmitting station, the tallest free-standing structure in the United Kingdom, begins transmitting UHF broadcasts.

1973 – The U.S. Supreme Court, in its Roe v. Wade decision, declared a nationwide constitutional right to abortion.

1976 – Commercial service of Concorde begins with the London-Bahrain and Paris-Rio routes.

1977 – United States President Jimmy Carter pardons nearly all American Vietnam War draft evaders, some of whom had emigrated to Canada.

1981 – Production of the iconic DeLorean DMC-12 sports car begins in Dunmurry, Northern Ireland.

1997 – The U.S. House of Representatives votes 395–28 to reprimand Newt Gingrich for ethics violations, making him the first Speaker of the House to be so disciplined.

1997 – The Senate confirmed Madeleine Albright as the nation’s first female secretary of state.

1999 – War on Drugs: In one of the largest drug busts in American history, the United States Coast Guard intercepts a ship with over 4,300 kilograms (9,500 lb) of cocaine on board.

2000 – Ecuador: After the Ecuadorian Congress is seized by indigenous organizations, Col. Lucio Gutiérrez, Carlos Solorzano and Antonio Vargas depose President Jamil Mahuad. Gutierrez is later replaced by Gen. Carlos Mendoza, who resigns and allows Vice-President Gustavo Noboa to succeed Mahuad.

2003 – A 7.6 magnitude earthquake strikes the Mexican state of Colima, killing 29 and leaving approximately 10,000 people homeless.

2004 – NASA's MER-A (the Mars Rover Spirit) ceases communication with mission control. The problem lies in the management of its flash memory and is fixed remotely from Earth on February 6.

2005 – In Belmopan, Belize, the unrest over the government's new taxes erupts into riots.



Saints' Days and Holy Days

Traditional Western

Agnes, Virgin and Martyr.     Double.


Contemporary Western

Agnes
Fructuosus
John Yi Yun-il (one of The Korean Martyrs)
Meinrad of Einsiedeln



Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran



Eastern Orthodox
Saints

Martyrs Eugenios, Candidus, Valerianus, and Aquilas, at Trebizond (303)
Virgin-martyr Agnes of Rome (ca. 304)
Martyr Neophytus of Nicaea (305)
The Holy Four Martyrs of Tyre, by the sword
Venerable Apollonios of the Thebaid, ascetic (4th c.)
Venerable Maximus the Confessor (662)
Martyr Anastasius (662), disciple of St. Maximus the Confessor
Saint Zosimas, Bishop of Syracuse (662)
Martyrs Gabriel and Zionios, and companions, under the Bulgarian ruler
      Omurtag (ca. 814-831)

Pre-Schism Western Saints

Saint Publius, first Bishop of Malta and later Bishop of Athens, martyred
      under Trajan (ca. 112, or, ca. 161-180)
Saint Fructuosus, Bishop of Tarragoña in Spain, and Deacons Augurius
      and Eulogius (259)
Martyr Patroclus of Troyes, under Aurelian (ca. 270-275)
Saint Epiphanius of Pavia, Bishop of Pavia (496)
Saint Brigid (Briga), known as St Brigid of Kilbride, venerated around Lismore
     in Ireland (6th c.)
Saint Lawdog (6th c.)
Saint Vimin (Wynnin, Gwynnin), a Bishop in Scotland, said to have founded
      the monastery of Holywood (6th c.)
Saint Meinrad of Einsiedeln, hermit, martyred by robbers (861)
Saint Maccallin (Macallan), Abbot of Saint-Michel-en-Thiérache Abbey
      and Waulsort (978)

Post-Schism Orthodox Saints

Saint Neophytus of Vatopedi monastery, Mt. Athos (14th c.)
Venerable Maximus the Greek of Russia (1556)
Venerable Timon, monk (desert-dweller) of Nadeyev and Kostroma (1840)
Saint George-John (Mkheidze) of Georgia (1960)

New Martyrs and Confessors

New Hieromartyr Elias Berezovsky, Priest of Alma-Ata (1938)
Other commemorations

Synaxis of All the Martyred Saints, from Protomartyr Stephen up to the present
Synaxis of the Church of Holy Peace (Saint Irene), by the Sea in Constantinople

Malankara Orthodox

Commemoration of HG Eusebius



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