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539 BC – The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon.
633 – Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by the British under Penda of Mercia and Cadwallon of Gwynedd.
1113 – The city of Oradea is first mentioned under the Latin name Varadinum ("vár" means fortress in Hungarian).
1216 – John, King of England loses his crown jewels in The Wash, probably near Fosdyke, perhaps near Sutton Bridge.
1279 – Nichiren, a Japanese Buddhist monk founder of Nichiren Buddhism, is said to have inscribed the Dai-Gohonzon.
1398 – The Treaty of Salynas is signed between Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great and the Teutonic Knights, who received Samogitia.
1492: After sailing across the Atlantic Ocean, Italian explorer Christopher Columbus sights a Bahamian island, believing he has reached East Asia. His expedition went ashore the same day and claimed the land for Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain, who sponsored his attempt to find a western ocean route to China, India, and the fabled gold and spice islands of Asia.
1582 – Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
1654 – The Delft Explosion devastates the city in the Netherlands, killing more than 100 people.
1692 – The Salem witch trials are ended due to a letter from Massachusetts Governor William Phips urging court proceedings to halt.
1748 – British and Spanish naval forces engage at the Battle of Havana during the War of Jenkins' Ear.
1773 – America's first insane asylum opens for 'Persons of Insane and Disordered Minds' in Virginia.
1776: British Generals Henry Clinton and William Howe lead a force of 4,000 troops aboard some 90 flat-boats up New York’s East River toward Throg's Neck, a peninsula in Westchester County, in an effort to encircle General George Washington and the Patriot force stationed at Harlem Heights.
1792 – The first celebration of Columbus Day in the USA held in New York City.
1793 – The cornerstone of Old East, the oldest state university building in the United States, is laid on the campus of the University of North Carolina.
1799 – Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse was the first woman to jump from a balloon with a parachute, from an altitude of 900 meters.
1810 – First Oktoberfest: The Bavarian royalty invites the citizens of Munich to join the celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria to Princess Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen.
1822 – Pedro I of Brazil is proclaimed the emperor of the Empire of Brazil.
1823 – Charles Macintosh of Scotland sells the first raincoat.
1847 – German inventor and industrialist Werner von Siemens founds Siemens & Halske, which later becomes Siemens AG, the largest engineering company in Europe.
1870: General Robert Edward Lee, the commander of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, dies peacefully at his home in Lexington, Virginia. He was 63 years old.
1871 – Criminal Tribes Act (CTA) enacted by British rule in India, which named over 160 local communities 'Criminal Tribes', i.e. hereditary criminals. Repealed in 1949, after Independence of India.
1890 – Uddevalla Suffrage Association is formed.
1892 – The Pledge of Allegiance is first recited by students in many US public schools, as part of a celebration marking the 400th anniversary of Columbus's voyage.
1900 – The U.S. Navy commissions the first modern submarine, the USS Holland, named for its designer John Philip Holland.
1901 – President Theodore Roosevelt officially renames the "Executive Mansion" to the White House.
1915 – World War I: British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a German firing squad for helping Allied soldiers escape from Belgium.
1917 – World War I: The First Battle of Passchendaele takes place resulting in the largest single day loss of life in New Zealand history.
1918: A massive forest fire rages through Minnesota on this day in 1918, killing 453 people and leaving thousands homeless. The fire burned at least 1,500 square miles.
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| Clifford Milburn Holland Tunnel Entrance, 1927 from whatwasthere.com |
1920: Construction of the Holland Tunnel in New York City began.
1928 – An iron lung respirator is used for the first time at Children's Hospital, Boston.
1933 – The United States Army Disciplinary Barracks on Alcatraz Island, is acquired by the United States Department of Justice
1942 – World War II: Japanese ships retreat after their defeat in the Battle of Cape Esperance with the Japanese commander, Aritomo Gotō dying from wounds suffered in the battle and two Japanese destroyers sunk by Allied air attack.
1944 – World War II: The Liberation of Athens from the German invaders.
1945 – World War II: Desmond Doss is the first conscientious objector to receive the U.S. Medal of Honor.
1953 – The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial opens at Plymouth Theatre, New York City.
1959 – At the national congress of APRA in Peru a group of leftist radicals are expelled from the party. They will later form APRA Rebelde.
1960: In one of the most surreal moments in the history of the Cold War, Russian leader Nikita Khrushchev removes his shoe and pounds a desk with it at a United Nations General Assembly meeting to protest a Philippine assertion of Soviet Union colonial policy being conducted in Eastern Europe.
1960 – Television viewers in Japan unexpectedly witness the assassination of Inejiro Asanuma, leader of the Japan Socialist Party, when he is stabbed and killed during a live broadcast.
1962 – The infamous Columbus Day Storm, also known as the “Big Blow,” strikes the U.S. Pacific Northwest with record wind velocities, resulting in 46 deaths and at least U.S. $230 million in damages
1964 – The Soviet Union launches the Voskhod 1 into Earth orbit as the first spacecraft with a multi-person crew and the first flight without space suits.
1967 – Vietnam War: US Secretary of State Dean Rusk states during a news conference that proposals by the U.S. Congress for peace initiatives are futile because of North Vietnam's opposition
1968 – Equatorial Guinea becomes independent from Spain.
1970 – Vietnam War: US President Richard Nixon announces that the United States will withdraw 40,000 more troops before Christmas.
1979 – The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, the first of five books in the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy comedy science fiction series by Douglas Adams is published.
1979 – The lowest recorded non-tornadic atmospheric pressure, 87.0 kPa (870 mbar or 25.69 inHg), occurred in the Western Pacific during Typhoon Tip.
1983 – Japan's former Prime Minister Tanaka Kakuei is found guilty of taking a $2 million bribe from Lockheed and is sentenced to four years in jail.
1984 – Brighton hotel bombing: The Provisional Irish Republican Army attempt to assassinate Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and her cabinet. Thatcher escapes but the bomb kills five people and wounds 31.
1986 – Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh visit the People's Republic of China.
1988 – Jaffna University Helidrop: Commandos of Indian Peace Keeping Force raided the Jaffna University campus to capture the LTTE chief and walked into a trap.
1988 – Two officers of the Victoria Police are gunned down execution-style in the Walsh Street police shootings, Australia.
1988 – Birchandra Manu massacre in Tripura, India.
1991 – Askar Akayev, previously chosen President of Kyrgyzstan by republic's Supreme Soviet, is confirmed president in an uncontested poll.
1992 – A 5.8 earthquake occurred in Cairo, Egypt. At least 510 died.
1994 – NASA loses radio contact with the Magellan spacecraft as the probe descends into the thick atmosphere of Venus (the spacecraft presumably burned up in the atmosphere).
1997 – Sidi Daoud massacre in Algeria that killed 43 at a fake roadblock.
1999 – Pervez Musharraf takes power in Pakistan from Nawaz Sharif through a bloodless coup.
1999 – The former Autonomous Soviet Republic of Abkhazia declares its independence from Georgia.
2000: At 12:15 p.m. local time, two suicide bombers in a motorized rubber dinghy loaded with explosives blow a 40-by-40-foot hole in the port side of the USS Cole, a U.S. Navy destroyer that was refueling at Aden, Yemen, killing 17 crew members and wounding at least 39.
2002: Three bombings shatter the peace in the Sari Club in the town of Kuta on the Indonesian island of Bali. The blasts, the work of militant Islamist terrorists, left 202 people dead and more than 300 others injured, many with severe burns. The attacks shocked residents and those familiar with the mostly Hindu island, long known as a tranquil and friendly island paradise.
2003 – Michael Schumacher wins his sixth Formula One Drivers' championship at the 2003 Japanese Grand Prix to beat the 48-year-old record held by Juan Manuel Fangio.
2005 – The second Chinese human spaceflight Shenzhou 6 launched carrying Fèi Jùnlóng and Niè Hǎishèng for five days in orbit.
2013 – Fifty-one people are killed after a truck veers off a cliff in La Convención Province in Peru.
2014 – Super- cyclone Hudhud in Visakhapatnam, major loss occurs.
2003 – Michael Schumacher wins his sixth Formula One Drivers' championship at the 2003 Japanese Grand Prix to beat the 48-year-old record held by Juan Manuel Fangio.
2005 – The second Chinese human spaceflight Shenzhou 6 launched carrying Fèi Jùnlóng and Niè Hǎishèng for five days in orbit.
2013 – Fifty-one people are killed after a truck veers off a cliff in La Convención Province in Peru.
2014 – Super- cyclone Hudhud in Visakhapatnam, major loss occurs.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Wilfred, Archbishop of York, Confessor. Double.
Contemporary Western
Blessed Louis Brisson
Heribert of Cologne
Our Lady of the Pillar
Fiestas del Pilar
Our Lady of Aparecida
Wilfrid of Ripon
Heribert of Cologne
Our Lady of the Pillar
Fiestas del Pilar
Our Lady of Aparecida
Wilfrid of Ripon
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Edith Cavell and Elizabeth Fry (Church of England)
Eastern Orthodox
October 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Martyrs Andronicus, Probus, and Tarachus at Tarsus in Cilicia (304)
St. Cosmas the Hymnographer, Bishop of Maiuma (c. 787)
Martyr Domnica of Anazarbus in Cilicia (286)
Hieromartyr Maximilian, bishop of Noricum (c. 284)
Saints Amphilochius (1452), Macarius (1480) and Tarasius (1440), abbots, and
Theodosius (15th century), monk, of Glushitsa (Glushetskry) Monastery, Vologda,
disciples of St. Dionysius of Glushitsa
St. Euphrosyne (Mezenova) the Faster, schema-abbess of Siberia (1918)
New Hiero-confessor Nicholas (Mogilevsky), metropolitan of Alma-Ata (1955)
Virgin Martyr Anastasia of Rome (c. 250)
St. Theodotus, Bishop of Ephesus
Martyrs Malfethos and Anthea
St. Jason, Bishop of Damascus
St. Symeon the New Theologian (1022)
St. Theosebius the God-bearer, of Arsinoe in Cyprus
Icons of the Most Holy Theotokos “Jerusalem” (48) and “Kaluga” (1748)
Martyrs Andronicus, Probus, and Tarachus at Tarsus in Cilicia (304)
St. Cosmas the Hymnographer, Bishop of Maiuma (c. 787)
Martyr Domnica of Anazarbus in Cilicia (286)
Hieromartyr Maximilian, bishop of Noricum (c. 284)
Saints Amphilochius (1452), Macarius (1480) and Tarasius (1440), abbots, and
Theodosius (15th century), monk, of Glushitsa (Glushetskry) Monastery, Vologda,
disciples of St. Dionysius of Glushitsa
St. Euphrosyne (Mezenova) the Faster, schema-abbess of Siberia (1918)
New Hiero-confessor Nicholas (Mogilevsky), metropolitan of Alma-Ata (1955)
Virgin Martyr Anastasia of Rome (c. 250)
St. Theodotus, Bishop of Ephesus
Martyrs Malfethos and Anthea
St. Jason, Bishop of Damascus
St. Symeon the New Theologian (1022)
St. Theosebius the God-bearer, of Arsinoe in Cyprus
Icons of the Most Holy Theotokos “Jerusalem” (48) and “Kaluga” (1748)
Coptic Orthodox
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