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1138 – A massive earthquake strikes Aleppo, Syria.
1142 – A peace treaty between the Jin dynasty and Southern Song dynasty is formally ratified when a Jin envoy visits the Song court during the Jin–Song wars.
1531 – Huldrych Zwingli is killed in battle with the Roman Catholic cantons of Switzerland.
1582 – Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar, this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
1614 – Adriaen Block and 12 Amsterdam merchants petition the States General for exclusive trading rights in the New Netherland colony.
1634 – The Burchardi flood – "the second Grote Mandrenke" killed around 15,000 men in North Friesland, Denmark and Germany.
1649 – Sack of Wexford: After a ten-day siege, English New Model Army troops (under Oliver Cromwell) stormed the town of Wexford, killing over 2,000 Irish Confederate troops and 1,500 civilians.
1727 – George II and Caroline of Ansbach are crowned King and Queen of Great Britain.
1767 – Surveying for the Mason–Dixon line separating Maryland from Pennsylvania is completed. The demarcation line became an informal boundary between the Southern slave states and the Northern free states.
1776 – American Revolutionary War: A British fleet under Sir Guy Carleton defeats 15 American gunboats under the command of Brigadier General Benedict Arnold at the Battle of Valcour Island on Lake Champlain, in what is now Clinton County, New York. Although nearly all of Arnold's ships were destroyed, it took more than two days for the British to subdue the Patriot naval force, delaying Carleton's campaign until 1777 and giving the Patriot ground forces adequate time to prepare a crucial defense of New York.
1797 – Battle of Camperdown: Naval battle between Royal Navy and Royal Netherlands Navy during the French Revolutionary Wars. The outcome of the battle was a decisive British victory.
1809 – Along the Natchez Trace in present day Tennessee, explorer Meriwether Lewis dies under mysterious circumstances at an inn called Grinder's Stand.
1811 – Inventor John Stevens' boat, the Juliana, begins operation as the first steam-powered ferry (service between New York City, New York, and Hoboken, New Jersey).
1833 – A big demonstration at the gates of the legislature of Buenos Aires forces the ousting of governor Juan Ramón Balcarce and his replacement with Juan José Viamonte.
1852 – The University of Sydney, Australia's oldest university, is inaugurated in Sydney.
1862 – American Civil War: In the aftermath of the bloody Battle of Antietam in Maryland, Confederate cavalry leader General J.E.B. Stuart and his men loot Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, during a daring raid into the north.
1864 – Campina Grande, Brazil, is established as a city.
1865 – The VP of Confederate States, Alexander H. Stephens, is paroled by President Andrew Johnson.
1865 – Paul Bogle led hundreds of black men and women in a march in Jamaica, starting the Morant Bay rebellion.
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| 1870s - Mrs. O'Leary's House 137 DeKoven from whatwasthere.com |
1890: The Daughters of the American Revolution was founded in Washington, D.C.
1899 – Second Boer War begins: In South Africa, a war between the British Empire and the Boers of the Transvaal and Orange Free State erupts.
1899 – The Western League is renamed the American League.
1906 – San Francisco public school board sparks a diplomatic crisis between the United States and Japan by ordering Japanese students to be taught in racially segregated schools.
1910 – Former President Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first U.S. president to fly in an airplane. He flew for four minutes with Arch Hoxsey in a plane built by the Wright brothers at Kinloch Field (Lambert–St. Louis International Airport), St. Louis, Missouri.
1912 – First Balkan War: The Greek Army liberates the city of Kozani.
1915: Prime Minister Vasil Radoslavov of Bulgaria issues a statement announcing his country’s entrance into the First World War on the side of the Central Powers.
1918 – San Fermín earthquake hits western Puerto Rico.
1929 – J. C. Penney opens store #1252 in Milford, Delaware, making it a nationwide company with stores in all 48 U.S. states.
1932: The first American political telecast took place as the Democratic National Committee sponsored a program from a CBS television studio in New York.
1939 – Physicist Albert Einstein informs President FDR of the possibilities of an atomic bomb.
1941 – Beginning of the National Liberation War of Macedonia.
1942 – World War II: Battle of Cape Esperance – On the northwest coast of Guadalcanal Island, United States Navy ships intercept and defeat a Japanese fleet on their way to reinforce troops on the island. The battle commenced at night between surface ships. The U.S. Navy succeeded in its operation, sinking a majority of the Japanese ships.
1944 – Tuvan People's Republic or formerly Tannu Tuva is annexed by the U.S.S.R.
1950 – Television: CBS's mechanical color system is the first to be licensed for broadcast by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission.
1954 – First Indochina War: The Viet Minh formally take over Hanoi and control of North Vietnam.
1957 – Space Race: M.I.T. scientists calculate Sputnik 1's booster rocket's orbit.
1958 – Pioneer program: NASA launches the lunar probe Pioneer 1 (the probe falls back to Earth and burns up).
1961: At a meeting of the National Security Council, President John F. Kennedy is asked by his advisers to accept "as our real and ultimate objective the defeat of the Vietcong." The Joint Chiefs of Staff estimated that 40,000 U.S. troops could clean up "the Vietcong threat" and another 120,000 could cope with possible North Vietnamese or Chinese Communist intervention. Kennedy wanted to prevent the fall of South Vietnam to the Communist insurgents, but decided to send General Maxwell Taylor to Vietnam to study the situation. Ultimately, Kennedy would send advisers, helicopters, and other military support to South Vietnam to aid President Ngo Dinh Diem in his fight against the Viet Cong.
1962 – Second Vatican Council: Pope John XXIII convenes an ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church—the first in 92 years. In summoning the ecumenical council—a general meeting of the bishops of the church—the pope hoped to bring spiritual rebirth to Catholicism and cultivate greater unity with the other branches of Christianity.
1968 – Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 7, the first successful manned Apollo mission, with astronauts Wally Schirra, Donn F. Eisele and Walter Cunningham aboard. Under the command of Schirra, the crew of Apollo 7 conducted an 11-day orbit of Earth, during which the crew transmitted the first live television broadcasts from orbit.
1972 – A race riot occurs on the United States Navy aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk off the coast of Vietnam during Operation Linebacker.
1975 – The NBC sketch comedy/variety show Saturday Night Live debuts with George Carlin as the host and Andy Kaufman, Janis Ian and Billy Preston as guests.
1976 – George Washington's appointment, posthumously, to the grade of General of the Armies by congressional joint resolution Public Law 94-479 is approved by President Gerald R. Ford.
1982 – The Mary Rose, a Tudor carrack which sank on July 19, 1545, is salvaged from the sea bed of the Solent, off Portsmouth.
1984 – Aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger, astronaut Kathryn D. Sullivan becomes the first American woman to perform a space walk.
1984 – An Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-154 crashes into maintenance vehicles upon landing in Omsk, Russia, killing 178.
1986 – Cold War: U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet in Reykjavík, Iceland, in an effort to continue discussions about scaling back their intermediate missile arsenals in Europe.
1987 – First public display of AIDS Memorial Quilt on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., during the National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights.
1987 – Start of Operation Pawan by Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka that killed thousands of ethnic Tamil civilians and hundreds of Tamil Tigers & Indian Army soldiers.
1996 – Pala accident: a wood lorry and school bus collide in Jõgeva county, Estonia, killing eight children.
2000 – NASA launches STS-92, the 100th Space Shuttle mission, using Space Shuttle Discovery.
2001 – The Polaroid Corporation files for federal bankruptcy protection.
2002 – A bomb attack in a shopping mall in Vantaa, Finland kills seven.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Francis Borgia, Confessor. Semi-double.
Contemporary Western
Alexander Sauli
Andronicus, Probus, and Tarachus
Æthelburh of Barking
Cainnech of Aghaboe
Gummarus
James the Deacon
Lommán of Trim
Nectarius of Constantinople
Philip the Evangelist
Pope John XXIII
Andronicus, Probus, and Tarachus
Æthelburh of Barking
Cainnech of Aghaboe
Gummarus
James the Deacon
Lommán of Trim
Nectarius of Constantinople
Philip the Evangelist
Pope John XXIII
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
James the Deacon (Church of England)
Eastern Orthodox
October 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Philip the Evangelist of the Seventy Disciples
one of the seven deacons (1st century)
St. Theophanes Graptus (“the Branded”), Confessor and hymnographer
bishop of Nicaea (850)
Martyrs Zenaida (Zenais) and Philonilla of Tarsus in Cilicia (1st century)
St. Theophanes, faster of the Kiev Caves (12th century)
Saints Nectarius (397), Arsacius (405) and Sinisius (427),
Patriarchs of Constantinople
St. Philotheus Kokkinos of Mt. Athos, patriarch of Constantinople (1379)
New Hieromartyr Juvenaly (Maslovsky), archbishop of Ryazan (1937)
Philip the Evangelist of the Seventy Disciples
one of the seven deacons (1st century)
St. Theophanes Graptus (“the Branded”), Confessor and hymnographer
bishop of Nicaea (850)
Martyrs Zenaida (Zenais) and Philonilla of Tarsus in Cilicia (1st century)
St. Theophanes, faster of the Kiev Caves (12th century)
Saints Nectarius (397), Arsacius (405) and Sinisius (427),
Patriarchs of Constantinople
St. Philotheus Kokkinos of Mt. Athos, patriarch of Constantinople (1379)
New Hieromartyr Juvenaly (Maslovsky), archbishop of Ryazan (1937)
Commemoration of the Miracle from the Icon of Our Lord Jesus Christ
in Beirut of Phoenicia
Repose of Elder Leonid of Optina Monastery (1841)
in Beirut of Phoenicia
Repose of Elder Leonid of Optina Monastery (1841)
Coptic Orthodox
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