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54 – Roman Emperor Claudius is poisoned to death under mysterious circumstances. His 17-year-old stepson Nero succeeds him to the Roman throne.
409 – Vandals and Alans cross the Pyrenees and appear in Hispania.
1307 – Hundreds of Knights Templar in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of Phillip the Fair, to be later tortured into a "confession" of heresy.
1332 – Rinchinbal Khan, Emperor Ningzong of Yuan becomes the Khagan of the Mongols and Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, reigning for only 53 days.
1582 – Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar, this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
1644 – A Swedish–Dutch fleet defeats the Danish fleet at Fehmarn and captures about 1,000 prisoners.
1710 – Port Royal, the capital of French Acadia, falls in a siege by British forces.
1773 – The Whirlpool Galaxy is discovered by Charles Messier.
1775: The Continental Congress authorizes construction and administration of the Continental Navy, the first American naval force, the precursor to the United States Navy.
1792: The cornerstone is laid for a presidential residence in the newly designated capital city of Washington. In 1800, President John Adams became the first president to reside in the United States Executive Mansion, known since 1818 as the "White House" because its white-gray Virginia freestone contrasted strikingly with the red brick of nearby buildings.
1812 – The Battle of Queenston Heights, the first major battle of the War of 1812: As part of the Niagara campaign in Ontario, Canada, United States forces under General Stephen Van Rensselaer are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops led by Sir Isaac Brock.
1821 – The Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire was publicly proclaimed.
1843 – In New York City, Henry Jones and 11 others found B'nai B'rith (the oldest Jewish service organization in the world).
1845: A majority of the citizens of the independent Republic of Texas approve a proposed constitution, that when accepted by the Congress, will make Texas the 28th American state.
1863: The voters of Ohio send Clement Vallandigham to a resounding defeat in the fall gubernatorial election. As leader of the Copperheads, or anti-war Democrats, Vallandigham was an important and highly visible critic of the Republicans' war policy, particularly the emancipation of slaves.
1881 – First known conversation in modern Hebrew by Eliezer Ben-Yehuda and friends.
1885 – The Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) is founded in Atlanta, United States.
1892 – Edward Emerson Barnard discovers D/1892 T1, the first comet discovered by photographic means, on the night of October 13–14.
1911 – Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, becomes the first Governor-General of Canada of royal descent.
1914 – In Major League Baseball's World Series, the Boston Braves defeat the Philadelphia Athletics, 4 games to 0, at Fenway Park in Boston, completing the first World Series sweep in history.
1915 – The Battle of the Hohenzollern Redoubt marks the end of the Battle of Loos in northern France, World War I.
1917 – The "Miracle of the Sun" is witnessed by an estimated 70,000 people in the Cova da Iria in Fátima, Portugal.
1918 – Mehmed Talat Pasha and the Young Turk (C.U.P.) ministry resign and sign an armistice, ending Ottoman participation in World War I.
1921 – The Soviet republics of Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia sign the Treaty of Kars with the Grand National Assembly of Turkey to establish the contemporary borders between Turkey and the South Caucasus states.
1923 – Ankara replaces Istanbul as the capital of Turkey.
1929 – Plečnik unveils his memorial to Napoleon on the Square of French Revolution, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
1943: World War II: The new government of Italy declares war on its former Axis partner Germany and joins the battle on the side of the Allies.
1944 – World War II: Riga, the capital of Latvia is occupied by the Red Army.
1946 – France adopts the constitution of the Fourth Republic.
1958 – Paddington Bear, a classic character from English children's literature, makes his debut.
1962 – The Pacific Northwest experiences a cyclone the equal of a Cat 3 hurricane. Winds measured above 150 mph at several locations; 46 people died.
1965: Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara declares at a news conference in Saigon that he found that military operations have "progressed very satisfactorily since 1965."
1966 – 173 US aircrafts bomb North Vietnam.
1967 – The first game in the history of the American Basketball Association is played as the Anaheim Amigos lose to the Oakland Oaks 134-129 in Oakland, California.
1970 – Fiji joins the United Nations.
1971 – The first World Series night game is played, with Pittsburgh winning over Baltimore, 4-3.
1972 – An Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-62 crashes outside Moscow killing 174.
1972 – Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 crashes in the Andes mountains, near the border between Argentina and Chile. By December 23, 1972, only 16 out of 45 people lived long enough to be rescued.
1976 – A Bolivian Boeing 707 cargo jet crashes in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, killing 100 (97, mostly children, killed on the ground).
1976 – The first electron micrograph of an Ebola viral particle is obtained by Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, who was then working at the C.D.C.
1977 – Four Palestinians hijack Lufthansa Flight 181 to Somalia and demand release of 11 members of the Red Army Faction.
1983 – Ameritech Mobile Communications (now AT&T Inc.) launched the first US cellular network in Chicago.
1990 – End of the Lebanese Civil War. Syrian forces launch an attack on the free areas of Lebanon removing General Michel Aoun from the presidential palace.
1992 – An Antonov An-124 operated by Antonov Airlines registered CCCP-82002, crashes near Kiev, Ukraine killing 8.
2010: The 2010 Copiapó mining accident in Copiapó, Chile comes to an end as the last of 33 miners trapped nearly half a mile underground for more than two months at a caved-in mine in northern Chile, are rescued. The miners survived longer than anyone else trapped underground in recorded history.
2013 – A stampede breaks out on a bridge near the Ratangarh Mata Temple in Datia district, Madhya Pradesh, India during the Hindu festival Navratri, killing 115 people and injuring more than 110.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Edward, King of England, Confessor. Double of the Second Class.
Contemporary Western
Blessed Alexandrina of Balasar
Edward the Confessor (translation)
Gerald of Aurillac
Our Lady of Fátima
Theophilus of Antioch
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
October 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Hieromartyrs Carpus, bishop at Thyateira, and Papylus the deacon,
and Martyrs Agathadorus and Agathonica, at Pergamus (251)
Martyr Florentius of Thessalonica (1st-2nd centuries)
Martyr Benjamin the deacon, of Persia (c. 424)
Saint Nicetas the Patrician, of Paphlagonia (838)
St. Luke of Demena, Sicily (984)
Venerable Benjamin of the Kiev Caves (14th century)
Great-martyr Zlata (Chryse) of Moglena, Bulgaria (1795)
St. Anthony, metropolitan of Chkondidi, Georgia (1815),
and his disciple, Hieromonk James
Translation to Moscow of the Iveron Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos (1648)
Kazan Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos “Of the Seven Lakes” (17th century)
Repose of Monk Athanasius of Valaam (1852)
Hieromartyrs Carpus, bishop at Thyateira, and Papylus the deacon,
and Martyrs Agathadorus and Agathonica, at Pergamus (251)
Martyr Florentius of Thessalonica (1st-2nd centuries)
Martyr Benjamin the deacon, of Persia (c. 424)
Saint Nicetas the Patrician, of Paphlagonia (838)
St. Luke of Demena, Sicily (984)
Venerable Benjamin of the Kiev Caves (14th century)
Great-martyr Zlata (Chryse) of Moglena, Bulgaria (1795)
St. Anthony, metropolitan of Chkondidi, Georgia (1815),
and his disciple, Hieromonk James
Translation to Moscow of the Iveron Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos (1648)
Kazan Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos “Of the Seven Lakes” (17th century)
Repose of Monk Athanasius of Valaam (1852)
Coptic Orthodox
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