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680 – Battle of Karbala: Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, is decapitated by forces under Caliph Yazid I. This is commemorated by Muslims as Aashurah.
732 – Battle of Tours: Near Poitiers, France, Frankish leader Charles Martel, a Christian, defeats a large army of Spanish Moors, halting the Muslim advance into Western Europe. Abd-ar-Rahman, the Muslim governor of Cordoba, was killed in the fighting, and the Moors retreated from Gaul, never to return in such force.
1471 – Battle of Brunkeberg in Stockholm: Sten Sture the Elder, the Regent of Sweden, with the help of farmers and miners, repels an attack by King Christian I of Denmark.
1575 – Battle of Dormans: Roman Catholic forces under Henry I, Duke of Guise defeat the Protestants, capturing Philippe de Mornay among others.
1580 – Over 600 papal troops land at Dún an Óir, Ireland to support a rebellion.
1582 – Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
1631 – An Electorate of Saxony army takes over Prague.
1760 – In a treaty with the Dutch colonial authorities, the Ndyuka people of Suriname – descended from escaped slaves – gain territorial autonomy.
1775: General William Howe is named the interim commander in chief of the British army in America, replacing Lieutenant General Thomas Gage. He was permanently appointed to the post in April 1776.
1780: A powerful storm slams the islands of the West Indies, killing more than 20,000 people. Known as the Great Hurricane of 1780, it was the deadliest storm ever recorded.
1845 – In Annapolis, Maryland, the Naval School (later renamed the United States Naval Academy) opens with 50 midshipman students and seven professors.
1846 – Triton, the largest moon of the planet Neptune, is discovered by English astronomer William Lassell.
1862: Confederate General John Bankhead Magruder is given command of the Trans-Mississippi Department.
1868 – Carlos Céspedes issues the Grito de Yara from his plantation, La Demajagua, proclaiming Cuba's independence
1871 – After 3 days, the Great Chicago Fire is finally extinguished. 300 are left dead, 100,000 homeless.
1897 – German chemist Felix Hoffmann discovers an improved way of synthesizing acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin).
1902 – The trial of American outlaw Tom Horn begins; he is eventually found guilty and sentenced to death.
1911 – The Wuchang Uprising leads to the demise of the Qing dynasty, the last Imperial court in China, and the founding of the Republic of China.
1913 – United States President Woodrow Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike thus ending construction on the Panama Canal.
1916: Italian forces during World War I initiate the Eighth Battle of the Isonzo, essentially continuing a previous assault on Austrian positions near the Isonzo River and attempting to increase gains made during previous battles in the same region.
1920 – The Carinthian plebiscite determines that the larger part of the Duchy of Carinthia should remain part of Austria.
1928 – Chiang Kai-shek becomes Chairman of the Republic of China.
1933 – United Airlines Boeing 247 mid-air explosion: A United Airlines Boeing 247 is destroyed by sabotage, the first such proven case in the history of commercial aviation.
1935 – A coup d'état by the royalist leadership of the Greek Armed Forces takes place in Athens. It overthrows the government of Panagis Tsaldaris and establishes a regency under Georgios Kondylis, effectively ending the Second Hellenic Republic.
1938 – The Munich Agreement cedes the Sudetenland to Nazi Germany.
1942 – The Soviet Union establishes diplomatic relations with Australia.
1943 – Double Tenth Incident in Japanese-controlled Singapore
1944: 800 Gypsy children including more than a hundred boys between 9 and 14 years old are systematically murdered.
1945 – The Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang signed a principle agreement in Chongqing about the future of post-war China. Later, the pact is commonly referred to as the Double Tenth Agreement.
1951: President Harry S. Truman signs the Mutual Security Act, announcing to the world, and its communist powers in particular, that the U.S. was prepared to provide military aid to "free peoples." The signing of the act came after the Soviet Union exploded their second nuclear weapon in a test on October 3.
1953 – Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of Korea is concluded in Washington, D.C.
1957 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower apologizes to the finance minister of Ghana, Komla Agbeli Gbedemah, after he is refused service in a Dover, Delaware restaurant.
1957 – The Windscale fire in Cumbria, U.K. is the world's first major nuclear accident.
1962 – The first aircraft made specifically for the President of the United States entered service. Commonly called “Air Force One,” (although this is just a call sign for any aircraft that is carrying the president) the aircraft was a Boeing 707, and it carried eight different presidents: Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter, Reagan, H.W. Bush, and Clinton.
1961 – The variety TV show "The Bob Newhart Show" premieres on NBC.
1963 – France cedes control of the Bizerte naval base to Tunisia.
1964 – The opening ceremony of the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, is broadcast live in the first Olympic telecast relayed by geostationary communication satellite.
1965: In the first major operation since arriving the previous month, the U.S. 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile) joins with South Vietnamese Marines to strike at 2,000 North Vietnamese troops 25 miles from An Khe in the Central Highlands.
1967 – The Outer Space Treaty, which forms the basis of international space law, signed on January 27 by more than sixty nations, comes into force.
1969: The U.S. Navy transfers 80 river-patrol boats to the South Vietnamese Navy in the largest single transfer of naval equipment since the war began.
1970 – Fiji becomes independent.
1970 – In Montreal, a national crisis hits Canada when Quebec Vice-Premier and Minister of Labour Pierre Laporte becomes the second statesman kidnapped by members of the FLQ terrorist group.
1971 – Sold, dismantled and moved to the United States, London Bridge reopens in Lake Havasu City, Arizona.
1973: Less than a year before Richard M. Nixon's resignation as president of the United States, Spiro Agnew becomes the first U.S. vice president to resign in disgrace after being charged with evasion of federal income tax.
1975 – Papua New Guinea joins the United Nations.
1980 – A magnitude 7.3 earthquake occurs in the Algerian town of El Asnam. Around 3,500 die and 300,000 are left homeless.
1980 – FMLN is founded in El Salvador.
1985: The hijacking of the Italian cruise ship Achille Lauro reaches a dramatic climax when U.S. Navy F-14 fighters intercept an Egyptian airliner attempting to fly the Palestinian hijackers to freedom and force the jet to land at a NATO base in Sigonella, Sicily. American and Italian troops surrounded the plane, and the terrorists were taken into Italian custody.
1986 – An earthquake measuring 7.5 on the Richter scale strikes San Salvador, El Salvador, killing an estimated 1,500 people.
1997 – An Austral Airlines DC-9-32 crashes and explodes near Nuevo Berlin, Uruguay, killing 74.
1998 – A Lignes Aériennes Congolaises Boeing 727 is shot down by rebels in Kindu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing 41 people.
2008 – The 2008 Orakzai bombing kills 110 and injures 200 more.
2009 – Armenia and Turkey sign protocols in Zurich, Switzerland to open their borders.
2010 – The Netherlands Antilles are dissolved as a country.
1942 – The Soviet Union establishes diplomatic relations with Australia.
1943 – Double Tenth Incident in Japanese-controlled Singapore
1944: 800 Gypsy children including more than a hundred boys between 9 and 14 years old are systematically murdered.
1945 – The Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang signed a principle agreement in Chongqing about the future of post-war China. Later, the pact is commonly referred to as the Double Tenth Agreement.
1951: President Harry S. Truman signs the Mutual Security Act, announcing to the world, and its communist powers in particular, that the U.S. was prepared to provide military aid to "free peoples." The signing of the act came after the Soviet Union exploded their second nuclear weapon in a test on October 3.
1953 – Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of Korea is concluded in Washington, D.C.
1957 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower apologizes to the finance minister of Ghana, Komla Agbeli Gbedemah, after he is refused service in a Dover, Delaware restaurant.
1957 – The Windscale fire in Cumbria, U.K. is the world's first major nuclear accident.
1962 – The first aircraft made specifically for the President of the United States entered service. Commonly called “Air Force One,” (although this is just a call sign for any aircraft that is carrying the president) the aircraft was a Boeing 707, and it carried eight different presidents: Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter, Reagan, H.W. Bush, and Clinton.
1961 – The variety TV show "The Bob Newhart Show" premieres on NBC.
1963 – France cedes control of the Bizerte naval base to Tunisia.
1964 – The opening ceremony of the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, is broadcast live in the first Olympic telecast relayed by geostationary communication satellite.
1965: In the first major operation since arriving the previous month, the U.S. 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile) joins with South Vietnamese Marines to strike at 2,000 North Vietnamese troops 25 miles from An Khe in the Central Highlands.
1967 – The Outer Space Treaty, which forms the basis of international space law, signed on January 27 by more than sixty nations, comes into force.
1969: The U.S. Navy transfers 80 river-patrol boats to the South Vietnamese Navy in the largest single transfer of naval equipment since the war began.
1970 – Fiji becomes independent.
1970 – In Montreal, a national crisis hits Canada when Quebec Vice-Premier and Minister of Labour Pierre Laporte becomes the second statesman kidnapped by members of the FLQ terrorist group.
1971 – Sold, dismantled and moved to the United States, London Bridge reopens in Lake Havasu City, Arizona.
1973: Less than a year before Richard M. Nixon's resignation as president of the United States, Spiro Agnew becomes the first U.S. vice president to resign in disgrace after being charged with evasion of federal income tax.
1975 – Papua New Guinea joins the United Nations.
1980 – A magnitude 7.3 earthquake occurs in the Algerian town of El Asnam. Around 3,500 die and 300,000 are left homeless.
1980 – FMLN is founded in El Salvador.
1985: The hijacking of the Italian cruise ship Achille Lauro reaches a dramatic climax when U.S. Navy F-14 fighters intercept an Egyptian airliner attempting to fly the Palestinian hijackers to freedom and force the jet to land at a NATO base in Sigonella, Sicily. American and Italian troops surrounded the plane, and the terrorists were taken into Italian custody.
1986 – An earthquake measuring 7.5 on the Richter scale strikes San Salvador, El Salvador, killing an estimated 1,500 people.
1997 – An Austral Airlines DC-9-32 crashes and explodes near Nuevo Berlin, Uruguay, killing 74.
1998 – A Lignes Aériennes Congolaises Boeing 727 is shot down by rebels in Kindu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing 41 people.
2008 – The 2008 Orakzai bombing kills 110 and injures 200 more.
2009 – Armenia and Turkey sign protocols in Zurich, Switzerland to open their borders.
2010 – The Netherlands Antilles are dissolved as a country.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Paulinus, Archbiship of York, Confessor. Double.
Contemporary Western
Cerbonius
Daniel Comboni
Paulinus of York
Viktor of Xanten
Daniel Comboni
Paulinus of York
Viktor of Xanten
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Vida Dutton Scudder (Episcopal Church)
Eastern Orthodox
October 10 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Martyrs Eulampius and Eulampia at Nicomedia,
and 200 martyrs with them (303-311)
St. Pinytus, bishop of Knossos in Crete (2nd century)
Martyrs of the Theban Legion along the Rhine (286)
Martyr Theotecnus of Antioch (3rd-4th century)
St. Bassian of Constantinople (c. 458)
St Theophilus the Confessor of Bulgaria (716)
Synaxis of the Seven Saints of Volhynia: Sts. Stephen and Amphilocius (1122),
Bishops of Vladimir in Volhynia; St. Theodore (in monasticism Theodosius),
prince of Ostrog[disambiguation needed] (1483); St. Juliana Olshansk (1540);
St. Job of Pochaev (1651); Hieromartyr Macarius of Kanev, archimandrite of Obruch
and Pinsk (1678); and St. Yaropolk-Peter, prince of Vladimir in Volhynia (1086)
Martyrdom of the 26 Martyrs of Zographou Monastery on Mount Athos by the Latins (1284)
Blessed Andrew of Totma (Vologda), fool-for-Christ (1673)
St. Innocent, bishop of Penza (1819)
Venerable Ambrose of Optina (1891)
Saint Paulinus, Archbishop of York (644)
New Hieromartyr Theodore (Pozdeyevsky), archbishop of Volokolamsk (1937)
Zographou Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos
Martyrs Eulampius and Eulampia at Nicomedia,
and 200 martyrs with them (303-311)
St. Pinytus, bishop of Knossos in Crete (2nd century)
Martyrs of the Theban Legion along the Rhine (286)
Martyr Theotecnus of Antioch (3rd-4th century)
St. Bassian of Constantinople (c. 458)
St Theophilus the Confessor of Bulgaria (716)
Synaxis of the Seven Saints of Volhynia: Sts. Stephen and Amphilocius (1122),
Bishops of Vladimir in Volhynia; St. Theodore (in monasticism Theodosius),
prince of Ostrog[disambiguation needed] (1483); St. Juliana Olshansk (1540);
St. Job of Pochaev (1651); Hieromartyr Macarius of Kanev, archimandrite of Obruch
and Pinsk (1678); and St. Yaropolk-Peter, prince of Vladimir in Volhynia (1086)
Martyrdom of the 26 Martyrs of Zographou Monastery on Mount Athos by the Latins (1284)
Blessed Andrew of Totma (Vologda), fool-for-Christ (1673)
St. Innocent, bishop of Penza (1819)
Venerable Ambrose of Optina (1891)
Saint Paulinus, Archbishop of York (644)
New Hieromartyr Theodore (Pozdeyevsky), archbishop of Volokolamsk (1937)
Zographou Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos
Coptic Orthodox
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