Tuesday, December 4, 2012

December 4 in history


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DEC 03      INDEX      DEC 05
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Events


771 – Austrasian king Carloman I dies, leaving his brother Charlemagne king of the now complete Frankish Kingdom.

1110 – The  Syrian harbor city Saida (Sidon) surrenders to Crusaders of the Kingdom of Jerusalem

1154 Adrian IV elected Pope. The only Englishman to become pontiff, Nicholas Breakspear was a member of the family which until recent years brewed beer in Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire.

1197 Crusaders wound Rabbi Elezar ben Judah

1259 – Kings Louis IX of France and Henry III of England agree to the Treaty of Paris, in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe (including Normandy) in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels, ending 100 years of conflict between the Capetian and Plantagenet dynasties.

1489 Battle of Baza - Spanish army captures Baza from Moors.

1534 Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent occupies Baghdad

1563 – The Council of Trent holds its last session, after 18 years. It had opened on December 13, 1545 (It is the last ecumenical council for more than 300 years).

1619 – Thirty-eight colonists arrive at Berkeley Hundred, Virginia. The group's charter proclaims that the day "be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God."

1644 First European peace congress opens in Munster

1655 Middelburg, Netherlands forbids building of synagogue

1665 Jean Racine's "Alexandre le Grand" premieres in Paris

1674 – Father Jacques Marquette founds a mission on the shores of Lake Michigan to minister to the Illiniwek. (The mission would later grow into the city of Chicago.)

1676 – Battle of Lund: A Danish army under the command of King Christian V engages the Swedish army commanded by Field Marshal Simon Grundel-Helmfelt.

1680 Hen in Rome lays a uniquely patterned egg, later believed to have predicted the arrival of the Kirch/Newton "Great Comet of 1680"

1682 First General Assembly in Pennsylvania (Chester)

1688 General John Churchill (later 1st Duke of Marlborough) changes allegiance from James II to William of Orange

1691 Emperor Leopold I takes control of Transsylvania

1691 Spanish king Carlos II names Maximilian II as Viceroy of Southern Netherlands

1745 – Charles Edward "Bonnie Prince Charlie" Stuart's army reaches Derby, its furthest point during the Second Jacobite Rising.

1780 – A force of Continental dragoons commanded by Colonel William Washington--General George Washington's second cousin once removed--cornered Loyalist Colonel Rowland Rugeley and his followers in Rugeley's house and barn near Camden, South Carolina.

Fraunces Tavern in the 1900s
from whatwasthere.com
1783 – General George Washington summoned his military officers to Fraunces Tavern in New York City to inform them that he would be resigning his commission and returning to civilian life. (Fraunces Tavern is the oldest surviving building in Manhattan.)

1786 – Mission Santa Barbara is dedicated (on the feast day of Saint Barbara).

1791 – The first edition of Britain's "The Observer", the world's first Sunday newspaper, is published.

1798 Rebellious Flemish farmers occupy Hasselt

1812 Peter Gaillard of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, patents a horse-drawn mower

1816 – James Monroe is elected the 5th President of the United States, defeating Rufus King of the Federalist Party

1829 – In the face of fierce local opposition, British Governor-General Lord William Bentinck issues a regulation declaring that anyone who abets "suttee" (a Hindu practice where a widow burns herself to death on her husband's funeral pyre) in Bengal is guilty of culpable homicide.

1832 French army begins bombing citadel of Antwerp

1833 American Anti-Slavery Society formed by Arthur Tappan in Philadelphia

1836 Whig party holds its first national convention, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

1843 Manila paper (made from sails, canvas and rope) patented in Massachusetts

1843 Robert Schumann's "Das Paradies und die Peri" premieres in Leipzig

1844 James Knox Polk elected 11th US President

1851 President Louis Napoleon Boaparte's forces crush an attempted coup d'etat in France

1861 – The Electoral College of the Confederate States of America unanimously elected Jefferson Davis as their president.

1864 – American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea: Eight days of cavalry clashes in Georgia come to an end when Union General Judson Kilpatrick and Confederate General Joseph Wheeler skirmish for a final time at the Battle of Waynesboro (Brier Creek), Georgia.  Although the Rebels inflict more than three times as many casualties as the Yankees, the campaign is considered a success by the Union because it prevents Wheeler's troops from interfering with the main Union force as it marches from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia, on General William T. Sherman's campaign destroying a wide swath of the South.

1867 – Former Minnesota farmer Oliver Hudson Kelley founds the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry (better known today as the Grange) which becomes a powerful political force among western farmers.

1872 – The crewless American ship Mary Celeste is found by the British brig Dei Gratia. The ship had been abandoned for nine days but was only slightly damaged.

1875 – Notorious New York City politician Boss Tweed escapes from prison. He will later be recaptured in Spain.

1881 – The first edition of the Los Angeles Times is published.

1889 Explorer Henery Morton Stanley's expedition reaches Bagamoyo in Indian Ocean

1893 – First Matabele War: A patrol of 34 British South Africa Company soldiers is ambushed and annihilated by more than 3,000 Matabele warriors on the Shangani River in Matabeleland.

1899 56th Congress (1899-1901) convenes

1899 Webb Hayes, son of US President Rutherford Hayes, receives medal of honor

1901 Anne Russell's play "'Girl and the judge" premieres in New York

1905 British government of Arthur Balfour resigns

1906 – Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., the first black intercollegiate Greek lettered fraternity, was founded at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.

1909 – The oldest still-operating professional hockey franchise in the world is officially established as J. Ambrose O’Brien and Jack Laviolette create the “Club de Hockey Canadien,” known today as the Montreal Canadiens, a charter member of the National Hockey Association.

1915 – Frank Friday Fletcher is first US admiral to receive Congressional Medal of Honor.

1915 – Henry Ford's peace ship, Oscar II, sails for Europe 'to get the boys out of the trenches by Christmas'.

1915 Ku Klux Klan receives charter from Fulton County, Georgia

1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition closes in San Francisco

1917 – Well-known psychiatrist W.H. Rivers presents his report The Repression of War Experience, based on his work at Britain s Craiglockhart War Hospital for Neurasthenic Officers, to the Royal School of Medicine.

1918 – President Woodrow Wilson departs Washington, D.C., becoming the first U.S. president to travel to Europe while in office. After nine days at sea aboard the S.S. George Washington, Wilson arrives at Brest, France, and travels by land to Versailles, where he heads the American delegation to the peace conference seeking an official end to World War I.

1921 – The first Virginia Rappe manslaughter trial against Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle ends in a hung jury.

1922 – Lucile Atcherson Curtis becomes the first woman appointed as a United States Diplomatic Officer or Consular Officer in what became the U.S. Foreign Service.

1927 Dmitri Shostakovich's 2nd Symphony premieres in Moscow

1927 Duke Ellington opens at the Cotton Club in Harlem

1928 Walter Donaldson & Gus Kahn's musical "Whoopee!", starring Eddie Cantor, premieres on Broadway at the New Amsterdam Theatre, NYC; runs for 407 performances

1930 Vatican approves rhythm method for birth control

1932 Kurt von Schleicher succeeds Franz von Papen as Reich Chancellor of Germany

1933 FDR creates Federal Alcohol Control Administration

1933 Jack Kirkland's play "Tobacco Road" premieres in NYC, became the longest-running play of its time

1935 1,200 at St Joseph's College (Philadelphia) enroll in anticommunism class

1937 – The first issue of the children's comic The Dandy is published.

1939 – World War II: HMS Nelson is struck by a mine (laid by U-31) off the Scottish coast and is laid up for repairs until August 1940.

1941 Nazi ordinance places Jews of Poland outside protection of courts

1942 FDR orders dismantling of Works Progress Administration

1942 – World War II: Carlson's patrol during the Guadalcanal Campaign ends.

1942 – James Hoey is the first alien on foreign soil to be granted US citizenship.

1942 – Holocaust: In Warsaw, a group of Polish Christians put their own lives at risk when they set up the Żegota organization (Council for the Assistance of the Jews).  The group was led by two women, Zofia Kossak-Szczucka and Wanda Filipowicz.

1942 US bombers strike Italian mainland for first time in WW II

1943 -Dec 6] 2nd conference of Cairo: FDR, Winston Churchill and Turkish President İsmet İnönü

1943 MLB Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis announces any baseball club may sign Negroes

1943 – World War II: In Yugoslavia, resistance leader Marshal Josip Broz Tito proclaims a provisional democratic Yugoslav government in-exile under Ivan Ribar.

1943 – World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt closes down the Works Progress Administration, because of the high levels of wartime employment in the United States.

1944 Germans destroy Rhine dikes, Betuwe flooded

1945 – By a vote of 65–7, the United States Senate approves full U.S. participation in the United Nations. (The UN had been established on October 24, 1945.)

1947 USSR joins International Amateur Athletic Union

1948 Heitor Villa-Lobos' folk operetta "Magdalena" closes at Ziegfeld Theater, NYC, after 88 performances

1948 SS Kiangya hits mine in Whangpoo River, China, sinks killing 2,750

1949 Duncan Stewart, 2nd British Governor of Sarawak is fatally stabbed in the streets of Sibu by Malay student Rosli Dhoby with help from Morshidi Sidek with the goal of helping neighbouring Indonesia to take over British Sarawak

1951 Aaron Copland's and Jerome Robbins' ballet "The Pied Piper" premieres in New York City

1951 Mir Waiz Maulvi Muhammad Yusouf is appointed President of Azad Kashmir Government

1951 Superheated gasses roll down Mount Catarman, Philippines, killing 500 people

1952 Walter P. Reuther chosen chairman of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in the US

1952:  Heavy smog began to hover over London, England.  It persisted for four days, leading to the deaths of at least 4,000 people.

1954 – The first Burger King is opened in Miami.

1955 Bernardus Johannes Alfrink installed as Archbishop of Utrecht

1956 – The Million Dollar Quartet (Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, and Johnny Cash) get together at Sun Studio for the first and last time.

1957 2 commuter trains collide in heavy fog killing 92 (St John's, England)

1957 First edition of "Chase's Calendar of Events" is published

1958 American pilots Bob Timm and John Cook take off from Las Vegas, Nevada in "The Hacienda", their modified Cessna 172, in an attempt to break recently set airplane flight endurance record; effort succeeds almost 65 days later

1958 Dahomey (Benin), Ivory Coast become autonomous within French Community

1958 Finnish government of Fagerholm resigns

1961 Museum of Modern Art hangs Matisse's Le Bateau upside down for 47 days

1961 Tanganyika becomes 104th member of UN

1961 The female contraceptive 'pill' becomes available on the National Health Service in Britain

1962 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site

1963 Aldo Moro forms Italian government (1963-1968)

1963 Pope Paul VI closes 2nd session of 2nd Vatican Council

1964 The Beatles release "Beatles For Sale", their fourth studio album

1965 "Roar of the Greasepaint" closes at Shubert NYC after 232 performances

1965 2 passenger planes collide above Danbury, Connecticut, 4 die

1965 Gemini 7 launched with Frank Borman and Jim Lovell

1966 Military Working Dog "Nemo" saves the life of his handler Airman Robert A. Throneburg during the Vietnam War, surviving a gunshot wound to the nose

1966 – Vietnam War: A Viet Cong unit penetrated the 13-mile defense perimeter around Saigon's Tan Son Nhut airport and shelled the field for over four hours.  South Vietnamese and U.S. security guards finally drove off the attackers, killing 18 of them in the process.  One U.S. RF-101 reconnaissance jet was badly damaged in the attack.  The guerrillas returned that same night and resumed the attack, but security guards again repelled them, killing 11 more Viet Cong during the second battle.

1967 – Vietnam War: Elements of the U.S. mobile riverine force and 400 South Vietnamese in armored personnel carriers engage communist forces in the Mekong Delta. During the battle, 235 of the 300-member Viet Cong battalion are killed.

1968 Following a civil rights march in Dungannon, Northern Ireland, there is a violent clash between Loyalists and those who are taking part in the march

1969 – Black Panther Party members Fred Hampton and Mark Clark are shot and killed in their sleep during a raid by 14 Chicago police officers.

1970 Unemployment in US increases to 5.8%

1971 – The Indian Navy attacks the Pakistan Navy and Karachi.

1971 – The United Nations Security Council calls an emergency session to consider the deteriorating situation between India and Pakistan.

1971 – The Montreux Casino in Switzerland is set ablaze by someone wielding a flare gun during a Frank Zappa concert; the incident would be noted in the Deep Purple song "Smoke on the Water".

1971 – The Ulster Volunteer Force bombs McGurk's Bar, a Catholic-owned pub in Belfast, killing fifteen Catholic civilians and wounding seventeen others. It was the city's highest death toll from a single incident during "The Troubles".

1974 Dutch DC-8 charter crashes in Sri Lanka killing 191 Muslim pilgrims

1974 Jean-Paul Sartre visits Red Army Faction leader Andreas Baader in prison

1975 – Suriname joins the United Nations.

1975 Six South Molukkans occupy Indonesian consulate in The Hague, one dead

1977 – Jean-Bédel Bokassa, president of the Central African Republic, crowns himself Emperor Bokassa I of the Central African Empire in a lavish ceremony costing US$20 million - one third of the nation's budget

1977 – Malaysian Airline System Flight 653 is hijacked and crashes in Tanjong Kupang, Johor, killing 100.

1977 Neil Simon's "Chapter Two" premieres in NYC

1978 Dutch war criminal Pieter Menten freed

1978 – Following the murder of Mayor George Moscone, Dianne Feinstein becomes San Francisco's first female mayor. (She will serve until January 8, 1988.)

1978 Pioneer Venus 1 goes into orbit around Venus

1979 – The Hastie fire in Hull kills three schoolboys and eventually leads police to arrest Bruce George Peter Lee.

1980 – English rock group Led Zeppelin announces they will disband, following the death of drummer John Bonham on September 25.

1981 – South Africa grants independence to the Ciskei "homeland" (not recognized by any government outside South Africa).

1981 "Falcon Crest" premieres on CBS-TV

1981 Reagan Executive Order on Intelligence (No 12333) that allows CIA to engage in domestic counter-intelligence

1982 – The People's Republic of China adopts its current constitution.

1982 Police and racist demonstrators clash in Antwerp

1983 US jet fighters strike Syrian anti-aircraft positions in Lebanon

1983 David Shire & Richard Maltby, Jr.'s musical "Baby" opens at Barrymore Theater, NYC; runs for 241 performances

1983 Garry Sherman and Peter Udell's musical "Amen Corner", based on James Baldwin's drama "The Amen Corner", closes at Nederlander Theatre after 28 performances

1984 – Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Army soldiers kill 107–150 civilians in Mannar.

1984 – Hezbollah militants hijack a Kuwait Airlines plane, killing four passengers.

1985 French President François Mitterrand receives Polish leader Wojciech Jaruzelski

1985 President Reagan appoints Vice Admiral John Poindexter as security adviser

1985 "Les Miserables" opens at Palace Theatre, London

1986 Neil Simon's "Broadway Bound" premieres in NYC

1986 US launches its Fleet Satellite Communications System (Fltsatcom-7)

1987:  Lee Hemmer, a resident of the Del Rio area in northern Douglas County, was the new president of the Douglas County Park Board for the coming year.

1988 Actor Gary Busey critically injured in motorcycle crash

1988 USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR

1989 NBC's premiere of "Howard Beach: Making A Case for Murder", based on December 1986 murders of black youths by white youths in New York City

1990 An Iraqi official reports that Iraq will withdraw if it can retain control of the Rumailah field and keep Bubiyan and Werbah islands; also says that demands that the Palestinian issue be treated separately would not be surmountable

1990 Due to Persian Gulf crisis gas hits $1.60 per gallon price in NYC

1990 Iraq announces it will release all 3,300 Soviet hostages

1991 Country music mother and daughter act The Judds "farewell" concert at Murphy Center in Murfreesboro, Tennessee; later re-unions and "farewells" in 2000, 2010, 2015, and 2021

1991 Patricia Bowman testifies that William Kennedy Smith raped her

1991 – Islamic militants in Lebanon release kidnapped American journalist Terry A. Anderson after 2,454 days (seven years) in captivity as a hostage in Beirut. He is the last and longest-held American hostage in Lebanon.

1991 – Captain Mark Pyle pilots Clipper Goodwill, a Pan American World Airways Boeing 727-221ADV, to Miami International Airport, ending 64 years of Pan Am operations.

1992 – President George H. W. Bush orders 28,000 U.S. troops to Somalia, a war-torn East African nation where rival warlords are preventing the distribution of humanitarian aid to thousands of starving Somalis.  In a military mission he describes as "God's work," Bush says that America must act to save more than a million Somali lives, but reassures Americans that "this operation is not open-ended" and that "we will not stay one day longer than is absolutely necessary."  Unfortunately, America's humanitarian troops became embroiled in Somalia's political conflict, and the controversial mission stretches on for 15 months before being abruptly called off by President Bill Clinton in 1993.

1993 – A truce is concluded between the government of Angola and UNITA rebels.

1994 Tony Kushner's drama "Angels in America: Millennium Approach" closes at Walter Kerr Theater, NYC, after 367 performances, and 4 Tony Awards, and a Pulitzer Prize

1994 Tony Kushner's drama "Angels in America: Perestroika" closes at Walter Kerr Theater, NYC, after 216 performances, and 3 Tony Awards

1997 – The Mars Pathfinder, NASA's first Mars rover, lifts off from Cape Canaveral and begins speeding toward the red planet on a 310 million-mile odyssey. (It arrived on Mars in July 1997.)

1997 "Diary of Anne Frank" opens at Music Box Theater NYC

1997 Nizar Hamdoon warns that Iraq will not allow oil to flow during a third six-month phase of the UN's oil-for-food sale until the UN approves an aid distribution plan

1998 – The Unity Module, the second module of the International Space Station, is launched.

2001 Marike de Klerk, ex-wife of former President F.W. de Klerk is murdered at her home in Cape Town

2005 – Tens of thousands of people in Hong Kong protest for democracy and call on the government to allow universal and equal suffrage.

2005 U.S. debut of the first part of two-part TV biopic miniseries "Pope John Paul II" on CBS

2006 An adult giant squid is caught on video by Kubodera near the Ogasawara Islands, 1,000 km (620 miles) south of Tokyo

2006 – Six black youths assault a white teenager in Jena, Louisiana.

2012 – 29 people are killed by a mortar attack in Bteeha, Syria

2012 – Typhoon Bopha makes landfall in the Philippines, killing at least 81 people

2013 – Xavier Bettel becomes Luxembourg's first openly gay Prime Minister.

2014 NBC airs musical "Peter Pan Live!" starring Allison Williams and Christopher Walken; substantially revised from the earlier Mary Martin productions

2014 The United Nations warns that the world is on course for the warmest year since records began

2014 Ukraine and Pro-Russian rebels agree to cease fire in the eastern war zone, beginning December 9

2014 US authorities promise a "fair" investigation into the death of African American Eric Garner, after a white New York City police officer held him in a choke-hold faces no charges

2015 Floods in Chennai and Tamil Nadu state, India start receding after a month of heavy rainfall, leaving more 260 dead and thousands stranded

2016 Austria elects liberal independent Alexander Van der Bellen as President, after original vote in May annulled

2016 New Zealand Prime Minister John Key resigns after 8 years in office

2016 Tens of thousands march throughout Brazil against a vote to undermine anti-corruption investigations

2016 Venezuela issues new higher-value notes after currency falls 60% in 1 months against the US dollar

2017 New York's Metropolitan Opera suspends conductor James Levine after allegations of sexual misconduct

2017 Thomas fire begins and spreads to city of Ventura, California

2017 US President Donald Trump scales back Utah National Parks - Bears Ears National Monument (85%), Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (50%)

2017 US Supreme Court allows President Trump's travel ban to come into effect for 6 mostly Muslim countries

2018 Attempts to establish mob council in Sicily thwarted when 46 members of the mafia arrested including Settimio Mineo

2018 First successful birth resulting from uterus transplant from a deceased donor in São Paulo, Brazil

2018 French couture house Chanel ends its use of fur and exotic skins following bans by other companies

2018 French President Emmanuel Macron drops controversial rise in fuel tax after three weeks of mass protests

2018 Native Americans had just one migration from Siberia to the New World, at most 23,000 years ago, in research published in "Nature" and "Science"

2018 Scottish artist Charlotte Prodger wins the 2018 Turner Prize with film shot on her iPhone

2018 Theresa May's UK government suffers three parliamentary defeats in one day, also found in contempt of parliament for failing to publish report in full on Brexit

2019 58 migrants drown after a boat sinks off the coast of Mauritania, with 83 saved

2019 North American migratory birds getting smaller, their wings wider due to climate change according to study by University of Michigan published in journal "Ecology Letters"

2021 Mt Semeru erupts on Java island, Indonesia, killing at least 14 and injuring 56

2022 "A Beautiful Noise, The Neil Diamond Musical" opens at Broadhurst Theatre, NYC

2022 At least 27 people killed after a bus is buried in a landslide in Risaralda province, western Colombia

2022 Mt Semeru, Indonesia’s highest volcano, erupts releasing gas clouds and rivers of lava on the island of Java



Saints' Days and Holy Days

Traditional Western

Peter Chrysologus, Archbishop of Ravenna, Confessor and Doctor of the Church.     Double.
Commemoration of St. Barbara, Virgin and Martyr.


Contemporary Western

Ada
Barbara
Bernard degli Uberti
Giovanni Calabria
John of Damascus
Osmund
Sigiramnus


Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran

Clement of Alexandria (Anglicanism)
Nicholas Ferrar (Anglicanism)


Eastern Orthodox
Saints

Commemoration of the Twelve Prophets (Twelve Minor Prophets)
Apostle Crispus of the Seventy Apostles, Bishop of Chalcedon (1st century)
Great-martyr Barbara, at Heliopolis in Syria (306)
Martyr Juliana, at Heliopolis in Syria (306)
Martyrs Christodoulos and Christodoula, by the sword
Saint John the Wonderworker, Bishop of Polybotum, in Phrygia Salutaris (716)

Saint John of Damascus (John Damascene), monk of St. Sabbas Monastery (749)


Pre-Schism Western Saints

Saint Felix of Bologna, a Deacon of the Church of Milan with St Ambrose,
      and later the fifth Bishop of Bologna (429)
Saint Bertoara, Abbess of Notre-Dame-de-Sales in Bourges (614)

Saint Ada, niece of Engebert, Bishop of Le Mans, she became a nun
     at Soissons, and Abbess in Le Mans (7th century)


Post-Schism Orthodox Saints

Venerable Cassian the Martyr (Kassianos), one of the "300 Allemagne Saints"
      in Cyprus (late 12th century)
Saint Gennadius of Novgorod, Archbishop of Novgorod (1504)

New Hieromartyr Seraphim of Phanarion,
      Archbishop of Phanarion and Neochorion (1601)


New Martyrs and Confessors

Hieromartyr Nicholas (Tsedrik), Priest (1917)
New Martyrs of Perm (1918):
     Hieromartyrs Alexis Saburov, John Pyankov, Protopresbyters.
     Alexander Posokhin and Nicholas Yakhontov, Priests.
     Basil Kashin, Deacon, and with him 10 Martyrs.
Hieromartyr Damascene (Tsedrik), Bishop of Glukhov,
      (son of priest Nicholas (Tsedrik)) (1935)
Hieromartyr Demetrius Nevedomsky, Priest (1937)
Virgin-martyrs Catherine Arskoy and Kyra Obolensky (1937)

Hieromartyr Alexander Hotovitzky, Hieromartyr of the
      Bolshevikyoke, Missionary of America (1937)


Other commemorations

Icon of the Mother of God of Damascus (Panayia Tricherousa,
      "Three-handed Theotokos") (c. 717)


Coptic Orthodox








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