Tuesday, December 4, 2012

December 3 in history


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DEC 02      INDEX      DEC 04
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Events


741 St Zachary begins his reign as Catholic Pope succeeding Gregory III

915 – Pope John X crowned Berengar I of Italy as Holy Roman Emperor.

1347 Pope Clemens VI declares Roman tribunal Cola di Rienzo as heretics

1557 1st Covenant of Scottish protestants form

1586 Sir Thomas Herriot introduces potatoes to England from Colombia

1639 1st annulment by court decree passes

1676 Battle of Lund (Scanian War): Swedish army of 8,000 defeats much larger joint Danish/Dutch force of 13,000

1678 Edmond Halley receives MA from The Queen's College, Oxford

1685 Charles II bars Jews from settling in Stockholm, Sweden

1689 First recorded successful separation of conjoined twins Elisabet and Catherina Meijerin, completed by Swiss surgeon Johannes Fatio in Basel

1694 English parliamentary election set for every 3 years

1699 Baron Jacob Hop appointed treasurer-general of the Hague

1730 Colley Cibber is appointed British Poet Laureate under King George II

1736 Astronomer Anders Celsius takes measurements that confirm Newton's theory that the earth was an ellipsoid rather than the previously accepted sphere

1775 – The naval vessel USS Alfred raises the first official US flag.

1776 – In a letter dated December 3, 1776, General George Washington wrote to Congress from his headquarters in Trenton, New Jersey, to report that he had transported much of the Continental Army's stores and baggage across the Delaware River to Pennsylvania.

1799 – War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Wiesloch – Austrian Lieutenant Field Marshal Anton Sztáray defeats the French at Wiesloch.

1800 – War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden – French General Moreau decisively defeats the Archduke John of Austria near Munich. Coupled with First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte's earlier victory at Marengo, this will force the Austrians to sign an armistice and end the war.

1818 – Illinois becomes the 21st U.S. state.

1828 The Electoral College met, electing Andrew Jackson the 7th US President

1833 Oberlin College in Ohio, the first truly coeducational college, opens

1834 First US dental society organized (NY)

1834 – The Zollverein (German Customs Union) begins the first regular census in Germany.

1835 First US mutual fire insurance company issues first policy (Rhode Island)

1844 RC Society Apostole of Prayer forms

1847 Frederick Douglass publishes first issue of his newspaper "North Star"

1854 – Battle of the Eureka Stockade: More than 20 gold miners at Ballarat, Victoria, are killed by state troopers in an uprising over mining licences.

1863 Confederate General James Longstreet abandons his siege at Knoxville, TN

1864 Skirmish at Thomas' Station, Georgia

1868 1st blacks on US trial jury appointed for Jefferson Davis trial

1872 English Assyriologist George Smith reads his translation of The Great Flood from the "Epic of Gilgamesh" to the Society of Biblical Archaeology, with striking similarities to the later flood of Noah in "Genesis"

1878 Settlers arrive at Petach Tikvah, Israel

1881 Henry Morton Stanley founds Leopoldville (now Kinshasa)

1883 48th US Congress (1883-85) convenes

1901 – In a State of the Union message, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt asks Congress to curb the power of trusts "within reasonable limits".

1903 The Sultanate of Aceh's Panglima Polim surrenders to Dutch Army Captain Hendrikus Colijn at Atjeh

1904 – The Jovian moon Himalia is discovered by Charles Dillon Perrine at California's Lick Observatory.

1907 George M. Cohan's musical "Talk of the Town" premieres in NYC

1908 Edward Elgar's 1st Symphony in A performed by the Hallé Orchestra conducted by Hans Richter, premieres in Manchester, England

1910 – Modern neon lighting is first demonstrated by Georges Claude at the Paris Motor Show.

1911 Willis Carrier presents his influential "Rational Psychrometric Formulae" on air conditioning to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers

1912 First Balkan War: The Naval Battle of Elli takes place.

1912 – Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, and Serbia (the Balkan League) sign an armistice with the Ottoman Empire, temporarily halting the First Balkan War. The armistice will expire on February 3, 1913, and hostilities will resume. During the two-month conflict, a military coalition between Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Montenegro--known as the Balkan League--expelled Turkey from all the Ottoman Empire's former European possessions, with the exception of Constantinople (now Istanbul). In January 1913, a coup d'etat in Turkey led to a resumption of fighting, but the Balkan League was again victorious.

1912 Gerrit Brinkman becomes 1st Dutch traffic officer

1914 Dutch army opens fire on interned Belgian soldiers: 8 killed

1915 General Joseph Joffre becomes Commander-in-Chief of the French Armies

1916:  As part of a general upheaval within the French government and military due in part to demoralizing losses at Verdun and the Somme, the formidable General Joseph-Jacques-CÉsaire Joffre was dismissed as commander in chief of the French forces in favor of General Robert Nivelle.

1917 After nearly 20 years of planning and construction, the Quebec Bridge finally opens to traffic after two prior collapses

1917 The Supreme Allied War Council, meeting at Versailles to define war aim, fails to reach an agreement

1919 – After nearly 20 years of planning and construction, including two collapses causing 89 deaths, the Quebec Bridge opens to traffic.

1920 Turkey & Armenia agree to peace treaty

1923 First Congressional open session broadcast via radio (Washington, D.C.)

1925 – World War I aftermath: The final Locarno Treaty is signed in London, establishing post-war territorial settlements.

1926 – Novelist Agatha Christie mysteriously vanishes for 11 days.

1926 Manchester Guardian (German Reichswehr/Red Army work together)

1927 – Putting Pants on Philip, the first Laurel and Hardy film, is released.

1930 Airborn chemicals combine with fog to kill 60 (Meuse Valley, Belgium)

1930 Otto Ender forms Austrian government

1930 Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart's musical "Evergreen" premieres in London

1931 Alka Seltzer goes on sale

1932 Gen Kurt von Schleicher becomes chancellor of Germany

1934 Italian colonial Tripoli & Cyrenaica annexed to Libya

1938 AAUs decides to continue linear measuring system over metric

1939 Dmitri Shostakovich's 6th Symphony premieres

1941 Adolf Hitler views Poltava, Ukraine

1943 Howard Hanson conducts premiere of his 4th Symphony ("Requiem") with the Boston Symphony; wins Pulitzer Prize for Music, 1944

1943 World War II: Battle of Monte Cassino, Italy begins

1944 Britain's Home Guard ('Dad's Army') is officially stood down at a special farewell parade in Hyde Park, London.

1944 Hungarian death march of Jews ends

1944 Mussert puts Seyss-Inquart plan for small Nazi-Europe

1944 US 5th Armoured division occupies Brandenburg Hurtgenwald

1944 British order to disarm causes general strike in Greece

1944 – The Greek Civil War breaks out in Athens as the ELAS communist guerrillas battle democratic government forces supported by the British Army for control of a newly-liberated Greece.

1946 US government asks UN to order dictator Francisco Franco out of Spain

1947 Tennessee Williams' stage drama "A Streetcar Named Desire", starring Jessica Tandy, Marlon Brando, and Kin Hunter, and directed by Elia Kazan opens the Ethel Barrymore Theatre, NYC; runs for 855 performances, wins a Tony Award and a Pulitzer Prize

1948 "Pumpkin Papers" come to light (claimed to be from Alger Hiss)

1948 1st US woman army officer not in medical corps sworn in

1948 Chinese refugee ship "Kiangya" explodes in East China Sea killing 1,100

1950 Paul Harvey begins his national radio broadcast

1952 Marcos Perez Jiménez elected president of Venezuela

1953 Premier of Dmitri Shostakovich' 5th String Quartet

1953 Robert Wright and George Forrest's musical "Kismet" opens at Ziegfeld Theater, NYC; runs for 583 performances, wins Tony Award for Best Musical

1953 US President Dwight Eisenhower criticizes Wisconsin Senator Joe McCarthy for saying communists are in the Republican Party

1953 Webb Pierce records single "In the Jailhouse Now" (Billboard Song of the Year, 1955)

1954 Samuel Barber's cantata "Prayers of Kierkegaard" premieres

1954 William Walton's opera "Troilus & Cressida" premieres in London

1956 Britain and France pull troops out of Egypt

1958 Indonesian parliament accepts nationalisation of Dutch businesses

1959 State of emergency in Cyprus ends

1959 – The current flag of Singapore is adopted, six months after Singapore became self-governing within the British Empire.

1960 – Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe's musical Camelot, starring Richard Burton and Julie Andrews, and introducing Robert Goulet, debuts at the Majestic Theatre on Broadway. It runs for 873 performances, wins 4 Tony Awards, and will become associated with the Kennedy administration.

1961 – US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site

1962 – Edith Spurlock Sampson sworn-in as 1st US black female judge

1962 – Pravda criticizes western art

1962 – Roger Hilsman, director of the State Department Bureau of Intelligence and Research, sent a memorandum to Secretary of State Dean Rusk pointing out that the communist Viet Cong fighters were obviously prepared for a long struggle.

1964 – Free Speech Movement: Police arrest over 800 students at the University of California, Berkeley, following their takeover and sit-in at the administration building in protest of the UC Regents' decision to forbid protests on UC property.

1965 "Rubber Soul", the sixth studio album by the Beatles, is released in the United Kingdom

1965 The Beatles begin final UK concert tour in Glasgow, Scotland

1965 USSR launches Luna 8; it crashes on the Moon

1965 – In a confidential memorandum to Defense Secretary Robert McNamara, Assistant Secretary of Defense John McNaughton outlined the terms that should precede any permanent bombing halt.  He said that North Vietnam must not only cease infiltration efforts, but also take steps to withdraw troops currently operating in South Vietnam.  In addition, the Viet Cong should agree to terminate terror and sabotage activities and allow Saigon to exercise "governmental functions over substantially all of South Vietnam." McNaughton did not believe that these conditions would soon be obtained, however, as they amounted to "capitulation by a communist force that is far from beaten."

1966 Television pop group "The Monkees" make their live concert debut at the Honolulu International Centre Arena, in Hawaii

1966 US performs underground nuclear test at Hattiesburg, Mississippi

1967 – At Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, a transplant team headed by Christiaan Barnard carries out the first heart transplant on a human, 53-year-old Louis Washkansky, who lived 18 days with the new heart.

1967 Assassination attempt made on Bob Marley and others during concert rehearsals in Jamaica

1967 Final run of "20th Century Limited" famed NY-Chicago luxury train

1967 Fomrer Indonesian president Sukarno placed under house arrest

1968 Elvis Presley's Comeback Special airs on NBC, his 1st live performance in seven years, re-launching his singing career

1970 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site

1971 – Indo-Pakistani War of 1971: Pakistan launches  pre-emptive aerial strikes on 11 Indian air stations, and a full-scale war begins claiming hundreds of lives.

1972 Convair 990A charter crashes in Tenerife Canary Island, 155 die

1973 – Pioneer program: Pioneer 10 passes Jupiter (1st fly-by of an outer planet), sending back the first close-up images of Jupiter.

1975 Laos falls to communist forces; Lao People's Democratic Rep proclaimed

1976 Patrick J Hillery elected President of Ireland

1976 – An assassination attempt by seven gunmen is made on Bob Marley. He is shot twice, and plays a concert two days later.

1978 "King of Hearts" closes at Minskoff Theater NYC after 48 performances

1979 – In Cincinnati, 11 fans are suffocated in a crush for seats on the concourse outside Riverfront Coliseum before a Who concert.

1979 – Iran accepts constitution; Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini becomes the first Supreme Leader of Iran.

1980 NY Federal jury finds Reps Thompson D-NJ & Murphy, D-NY, guilty of bribery and conspiracy charges in the Abscam sting.

1981 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site

1982 "Frances", film depicting life of actress Frances Farmer and starring Jessica Lange, first released in the US

1982 – A soil sample is taken from Times Beach, Missouri, that will be found to contain 300 times the safe level of dioxin.

1983 "Marilyn: An American Fable" closes at Minskoff Theatre, NYC, after 16 performances

1983 France performs nuclear test at Mururoa atoll

1984 – Bhopal disaster: An explosion at a Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, India leads to one of the worst industrial accidents in history.  More than 3,800 people are killed outright died and another 150,000–600,000 others (some 6,000 of whom would later die) are injured when methyl isocyanate, a toxic gas, envelopes the city. From the ABA JOURNAL:  Bhopal Chemical Leak Kills Thousands in India

1984 "Do They Know It's Christmas" single written by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure and sung by an all-star cast under the banner of Band Aid is released in the UK

1985 23rd Shuttle Mission (61-B)-Atlantis 2-lands at Edwards AFB

1989 – Cold War: In a meeting off the coast of Malta, U.S. President George H. W. Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev release statements strongly suggesting that the long-standing animosities at the core of the Cold War might be coming to an end. Commentators in both the United States and Russia go farther and declare that the Cold War was over.

1990 – The 1990 Wayne County Airport runway collision kills seven passengers and one crew member.

1991 Muslim Shi'ites in Beirut, Lebanon release US political hostage Alann Steen

1991 White House Chief of Staff John Sununu resigns

1992 – The Greek oil tanker Aegean Sea, carrying 80,000 tonnes of crude oil, runs aground in a storm while approaching La Coruña, Spain, and spills much of its cargo.

1992 – A test engineer for Sema Group uses a personal computer to send the world's first text message via the Vodafone network to the phone of a colleague. There are now over 185 billion text messages sent per month.

1992 UN Security Council passes Resolution 794 authorizing US led allied forces to intervene in war-torn Somalia to restore order and allow humanitarian aid to be delivered

1994 – The PlayStation was released in Japan.

1995 "Holiday" opens at Circle in Square Theater, NYC; runs for 49 performances

1995 Revival of Stephen Sondheim's musical "Company" closes at Criterion Theater, NYC, after 68 performances

1997 – In Ottawa, Canada, representatives from 121 countries sign the Ottawa Treaty prohibiting manufacture and deployment of anti-personnel landmines. The United States, People's Republic of China, and Russia do not sign the treaty, however.

1997 "1776" opens at Gershwin Theater NYC

1999 – NASA loses radio contact with the Mars Polar Lander moments before the spacecraft enters the Martian atmosphere.

1999 – Six firefighters are killed in the Worcester Cold Storage and Warehouse fire in Worcester, Massachusetts.

2005 – XCOR Aerospace makes the first manned rocket aircraft delivery of U.S. Mail in Kern County, California.

2007 – Winter storms cause the Chehalis River to flood many cities in Lewis County, Washington, and close a 20-mile portion of Interstate 5 for several days. At least eight deaths and billions of dollars in damages are blamed on the floods.

2009 – A suicide bombing at a hotel in Mogadishu, Somalia, kills 25 people, including three ministers of the Transitional Federal Government.

2012 – At least 475 people are killed after Typhoon Bopha makes landfall in the Philippines.

2012 – In Northern Ireland, 15 police officers are injured during rioting at Belfast City Hall following a vote to change Belfast City Council's policy on flying the union flag.

2014 – The Japanese space agency, JAXA, launches the space explorer Hayabusa 2 from the Tanegashima Space Center on a six-year round trip mission to an asteroid to collect rock samples.

2014 Darren Wilson, the police officer who shot dead unarmed black teenager Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, resigns

2014 Protests erupt in cities across the US after a grand jury decides not to charge the New York City police officer who killed Eric Garner with a choke-hold

2015 US Defense Secretary Ash Carter announces all combat roles in US armed forced will be opened to women

2016 US army decides it will not allow an oil pipeline to be built in North Dakota, after months of protests by The Standing Rock Sioux Tribe

2017 First pizza party in space held by astronauts of the International Space Station

2018 7-year old Ryan of Ryan Toysreview is the year's highest-paid YouTube star earning $22 million

2018 David Attenborough warns collapse of civilisation and the natural world on the horizon at UN climate summit in Poland

2019 70th anniversary of NATO marked by gathering in London of world leaders and reception by Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace

2019 Google co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin announce they are stepping down from roles at parent company Alphabet, Sundar Pichai to become head of both

2019 Kamala Harris ends her campaign to be the Democratic candidate for president

2019 World leaders discussing US President Donald Trump in unflattering terms at NATO reception caught on camera and goes viral

2020 AT&T Inc’s Warner Bros studio announces all its 2021 movies will stream online the same day they appear in theatres because of the pandemic

2020 “I actually believe they’re going to be the most difficult time in the public health history of this nation,” warns Dr. Robert Redfield, head of US CDC about the months ahead with COVID-19

2022 FBI investigate a targeted attack on two electricity substations in North Carolina which closes schools and leaves around 40,000 without power for days

2022 Former US President Donald Trump call for "termination" of all rules including US Constitution in a Truth Social post, so to overturn the 2020 election, which he again falsely claims that he won



Saints' Days and Holy Days

Traditional Western

Francis Xavier, Confessor.     Double.


Contemporary Western

Birinus
Francis Xavier


Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran



Eastern Orthodox
Saints

Prophet Zephaniah (Sophonias) (635-605 BC)
Martyrs Agapius, Seleucus, and Mamas, Indus, Domna, Glycerius, and 40 Martyrs, in Sofianá
Venerable Theodoulos (Theodoulus the Stylite), Eparch of Constantinople (440)
Venerable Theodoulos the Cyprian, monk
Saint John the Silent (John Hesychastes), Bishop of Colonia (Taxara)
      in Armenia, and later a monk of St. Sabbas Monastery (558)

Hieromartyr Patriarch Theodore I of Alexandria, Archbishop of Alexandria (607-609)

Pre-Schism Western Saints

Saint Lucius of Britain, British noble who asked that missionaries be sent
      to Britain, founding the dioceses of London and Llandaff (2nd century)
Martyr Cassian of Tangier (298)
Saint Mirocles, Archbishop of Milan and Confessor, helped develop
      the Ambrosian Liturgy and chanting (318)
Martyr Agricola, in Pannonia
Martyrs Claudius, Crispin, Magina, John, and Stephen, in Africa
Saint Ethernan, born in Scotland, became a bishop in Ireland,
      returned to preach the Gospel in Scotland
Saint Birinus, Bishop of Dorchester, "Apostle to the West Saxons" (649)
Saint Eloquius (Eloque), disciple and successor of St Fursey as Abbot of Lagny (660)
Saint Attalia (Attala), a niece of St Ottilia, she became a nun
      and Abbess of St Stephen's in Strasbourg (741)
Saint Sola (Sol, Solus, Suolo), Anglo-Saxon missionary priest
      under St. Boniface (Germany) (794)

Saint Abbo of Auxerre, Bishop of Auxerre (860)

Post-Schism Orthodox Saints

Saint Sabbas of Storozhev, Abbot of Storozhev in Zvenigorod,
      disciple of St. Sergius of Radonezh (1406)
New Hieromartyr Gabriel II of Constantinople,
      (previously Bishop of Ganos), at Prusa (1659)
Saint Ilarion (Hrihorovish), Native of Chernihiv, Monk
      of the Kyiv-Bratsky Monastery, Bishop (1759)
New Monk-Martyr Cosmas of St. Anne’s Skete, Mount Athos (1760)
Saint George of Cernica and Caldarushani, Archimandrite, Romania (1806)
New Martyr Angelus of Chios, formerly a doctor of Argos (1813)

Saint Parasceva (Rodimtseva), Abbess of Toplovsky Convent in Simferopol (1928)

New Martyrs and Confessors

New Hieromartyr Andrew Kosovky, Protopresbyter of Simferopol-Crimea (1920)
New Hieromartyr Nicholas Yershov, Priest of Yaroslavl-Rostov (1937)

Saint George Sedov, Confessor (1960)

Other commemorations

Repose of King Magnus II of Sweden and Valaam (Magnus IV),
      Gregory in schema (1371)
Archimandrite Theophanes of Novoezersk Monastery in Novgorod (1832)
Commemoration of Nun Rafaela (Chernetska) of Zhitomir (2005)


Coptic Orthodox










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