Tuesday, December 4, 2012

December 2 in history


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DEC 01      INDEX      DEC 03
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Events


1409 – The University of Leipzig opens.

1620 English language newspaper "Namloos" begins publishing in Amsterdam.

1682 Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury flees to Amsterdam following the failure of his plots to prevent a Catholic succession should King Charles II die.

1697 – St Paul's Cathedral, designed by Sir Christopher Wren, is consecrated for use (previous building destroyed in the Great Fire of London)

1755 – The second Eddystone Lighthouse on Eddystone Rocks off English southern coast is destroyed by fire.

1763 – Touro Synagogue (Touro shul), in Newport, Rhode Island, is dedicated. It is the first and oldest existing synagogue in what will become the United States.

1775 – The USS Alfred becomes the first vessel to fly the Grand Union Flag (the precursor to the Stars and Stripes); the flag is hoisted by John Paul Jones.

1777:  Legend has it that Philadelphia housewife and nurse Lydia Darragh single-handedly saved the lives of General George Washington and his Continental Army when she overheard the British General Howe planning a surprise attack on Washington's army for the following day.

1790 Austrian army occupies Brussels

1802 Britain sells Suriname to the Netherlands

1804 – At Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, Napoleon Bonaparte crowns himself Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, the first Frenchman to hold the title of emperor in a thousand years.  Pope Pius VII hands Napoleon the crown that the 35-year-old conqueror of Europe places on his own head.

1805 – War of the Third Coalition: Battle of Austerlitz: French troops under Napoleon Bonaparte decisively defeat a joint Russo-Austrian force.

1812 – James Madison is re-elected as President with Elbridge Gerry serving as Vice-President.

1813 Prince Willem Frederik accepts constitutional monarchy.

1816 First savings bank in US opens (Philadelphia Savings Fund Society).

1822 In San Salvador, a congress proposes incorporation into US.

1823 – Monroe Doctrine: During his annual State of the Union message to Congress, U.S. President James Monroe proclaims a new U.S. foreign policy initiative that becomes known as the "Monroe Doctrine." Primarily the work of Secretary of State John Quincy Adams, the Monroe Doctrine warns European powers not to interfere in the American hemisphere, but also asserts U.S. neutrality in regard to future European conflicts.

1840 Gaetano Donizetti's opera "La Favorita" premieres in Paris.

1840 William Henry Harrison elected the 9th President of the United States of America.

1845 – In his first annual State of the Union message to Congress, U.S. President James K. Polk belligerently reasserts the Monroe Doctrine and proposes that the United States should aggressively expand into the West.  Polk's aggressive expansionist program creates the outline of the modern American nation.

1848 – Franz Josef I becomes Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia.

1851 – French President Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte overthrows the Second Republic, establishing himself as Emperor Napoleon III.

1852 – Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte becomes Emperor of the French as Napoleon III.

1859 – In Charles Town, Virginia, militant abolitionist leader John Brown is hanged on charges of treason, murder, and insurrection for his October 16 raid on Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.

1864:   Confederate General Archibald Gracie Jr. is killed in the trenches at Petersburg, Virginia, when an artillery shell explodes near him.

1864 Skirmish at Rocky Creek Church, Georgia

1867 – British author Charles Dickens gives his first public reading in the United States at Tremont Temple in Boston.

1868 The first British government of Benjamin Disraeli resigns

1877 Camille Saint-Saëns' opera "Samson et Dalila" premieres in Weimar

1882 Amsterdam Artis Zoo opens aquarium

1883 Johannes Brahms' "3rd Symphony in F" premieres with the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra

1885 Opera "Regina di Saba" premieres in Vienna

1887 Amsterdam's Oscar Carrés Circus Theater opens

1887 French president Jules Grévy resigns

1896 Gerhart Hauptmann's play "Die versunkene Glocke" premieres in Berlin

1899 – Philippine–American War: The Battle of Tirad Pass, termed "The Filipino Thermopylae", is fought.

1900 Exiled South African President of Transvaal Paul Kruger arrives in Germany, though the Kaiser refuses to meet him

1901 King C. Gillette begins selling safety razor blades

1908 – Puyi becomes Emperor of China at the age of two.

1913 French Government of Louis Barthou falls due to overtime conscription

1913 Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Managua created in Nicaragua

1913 Vladimir Mayakovsky's self titled tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky" premieres at Saint Petersburg's Luna Park theatre

1914 Austria army occupies Belgrade, Serbia

1916 National Baseball Commission orders that injured players get full pay for duration of their contracts; injury clause previously let clubs suspend players after 15 days' pay

1917 – World War I: A day after Bolsheviks seize control of Russian military headquarters at Mogilev, Russia and the Central Powers sign an armistice at Brest-Litovsk, a formal ceasefire is proclaimed throughout the battle zone between Russia and the Central Powers, and peace talks leading to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk begin.

1920 – Following more than a month of Turkish–Armenian War, the Turkish dictated Treaty of Alexandropol is concluded.

1927 Paleoanthropologist Davidson Black announces to the Geological Society of China that the ancient human fossils from Zhoukoudian, China are a new species which he has named 'Sinanthropus pekinensis' (now known as 'Homo erectus')

1927 – Following 19 years of Ford Model T production, the Ford Motor Company unveils the Ford Model A as its new automobile.

1929 First skull of Peking man found in the caves of Zhoukoudian, 50 km outside of Peking, China. Later dated roughly 750,000 years old.

1930 – Great Depression: In a State of the Union message, U.S. President Herbert Hoover proposes a $150 million (equivalent to $2,125,000,000 in 2015) public works program to help generate jobs and stimulate the economy.

1932 "Adventures of Charlie Chan" 1st heard on NBC-Blue radio network

1934 5.08-m (200") Mt Palomar Observatory mirror is cast

1938 The first 'Kindertransport' carrying Jewish refugee children from Nazi Germany arrives in Britain

1939 British Imperial Airways & British Airways merge to form BOAC

1940s - LaGuardia Airport
from whatwasthere.com
1939 – New York City's LaGuardia Airport officially begins operations when an airliner from Chicago lands at 12:01 AM.

1942 – World War II: During the Manhattan Project, a team led by Enrico Fermi, the Italian-born Nobel Prize-winning physicist, directs and controls the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction in his laboratory beneath the bleachers of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, ushering in the nuclear age.  Upon successful completion of the experiment, a coded message is transmitted to President Roosevelt: "The Italian navigator has landed in the new world."

1943 – World War II: A Luftwaffe bombing raid on the harbour of Bari, Italy, sinks numerous cargo and transport ships, including the American SS John Harvey, which is carrying a stockpile of World War I-era mustard gas.

1941 American mobster Louis Buchalter is sentenced to death along with his lieutenants Emanuel Weiss and Louis Capone

1941 Japanese Marshal Admiral Yamamoto sends his fleet to Pearl Harbor

1941 Largest roller skating rink (outside of NYC) opens in Peekskill, New York

1941 US Naval Intelligence ceases bugging Japanese consul

1942 World’s first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction occurs in Chicago Pile-1 (world's first nuclear reactor) at the University of Chicago, overseen by Enrico Fermi

1943 First RSHA (Reichssicherheitshauptamt - Nazi Reich Security Head Office) transport out of Vienna reaches Birkenau camp

1944 General De Gaulle arrives in Moscow

1944 German troops seize dikes in Betuwe, Netherlands

1944 US 95th Infantry division occupies bridge at Saar, Germany

1947 – Jerusalem Riots of 1947: Riots break out in Jerusalem in response to the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine.

1950 "I Robot" collection of sci-fi short stories by Isaac Asimov published by Gnome Press in the US

1951 "Borscht Capades" closes at Royale Theater NYC after 90 performances

1952 First human birth televised to public on KOA-TV Denver, Colorado

1954 – The United States Senate votes 65 to 22 to condemn Senator Joseph R. McCarthy for "conduct that tends to bring the Senate into dishonor and disrepute". The condemnation, which was equivalent to a censure, relates to McCarthy's controversial investigation of suspected communists in the U.S. government, military, and civilian society.

1954 "Hit the Trail" opens at Mark Hellinger Theater NYC for 4 performances

1954 – The Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty, between the United States and Taiwan (ROC), is signed in Washington, D.C., preventing Mainland China (PRC) from taking Taiwan between 1955-1979

1956 – The Granma reaches the shores of Cuba's Oriente Province. Fidel Castro, Che Guevara and 80 other members of the 26th of July Movement disembark to initiate the Cuban Revolution.

1957 – 1st US large scale nuclear power plant for peacetime use opens, Shippingport, Pennsylvania

1957 Sam Cooke's single "You Send Me" reaches #1

1958 Benelux treaty signed by Belgium, Netherlands & Luxembourg

1959 – The Malpasset Dam in France collapsed and the resulting flood killed more than 400 people. The city of Frejus, dating back to Caesar's time, was devastated by the massive flood.

1960 Paleoanthropologist Louis Leakey discovers 1.4 million year old Homo erectus (Olduvai Hominid 9) in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

1961 – Cuban leader Fidel Castro, in a nationally broadcast speech, declares that he is a Marxist–Leninist and that Cuba is going to adopt Communism. Following a year of severely strained relations between the United States and Cuba, the announcement seals the bitter Cold War animosity between the two nations.

1961 Wind Bell, journal of San Francisco Zen Center, begins publishing

1962 – Vietnam War: After a trip to Vietnam at the request of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, U.S. Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield becomes the first American official to comment adversely on the progress of the war.  Originally a supporter of South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem, Mansfield changed his opinion of the situation after his visit.  He claimed that the $2 billion the United States had poured into Vietnam during the previous seven years had accomplished nothing.  He placed blame squarely on the Diem regime for its failure to share power and win support from the South Vietnamese people.  He suggested that Americans, despite being motivated by a sincere desire to stop the spread of communism, had simply taken the place formerly occupied by the French colonial power in the minds of many Vietnamese. Mansfield's change of opinion surprised and irritated President Kennedy.

1963:  The military junta, which took control of the South Vietnamese government following the November coup that resulted in the death of President Ngo Dinh Diem, orders a temporary halt to the strategic hamlet program.

1963 First Dutch rocket launched, reaches height of 10 km

1968 US President Richard Nixon names Henry Kissinger security advisor

1969 Boeing 747 jumbo jet 1st public preview (Seattle to NYC)

1970 – The United States Environmental Protection Agency begins operations under Director William Ruckelshaus.

1971 – Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Fujairah, Sharjah, Dubai, and Umm al-Quwain form the United Arab Emirates. Ras Al Khaimah joins the UAE on 10 February 1972.

1971 Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan is appointed President of the United Arab Emirates

1971 United Arab Emirates (Trucial States) declares independence from UK

1971 Soviet space probe Mars 3 is first to soft land on Mars

1974 Soyuz 16 launched into Earth orbit for 6 days

1975 7 South Moluccans hijack train at Wijster, Drente (NL), 3 killed

1975 – Laotian Civil War: The Pathet Lao seizes the Laotian capital of Vientiane, forces the abdication of King Sisavang Vatthana, and proclaims the Lao People's Democratic Republic.

1976 – Fidel Castro becomes President of Cuba, replacing Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado.

1978 Neil Diamond & Barbra Streisand's duet single "You Don't Bring Me Flowers" hits #1

1979 Crowds attack US embassy in Tripoli, Libya

1979 USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR

1980 – Salvadoran Civil War: Four U.S. nuns and churchwomen, Ita Ford, Maura Clarke, Jean Donovan, and Dorothy Kazel, are murdered by a military death squad.

1981 Spanish government requests membership of NATO

1981 Moscone Convention Center, San Francisco, opens at 11:30 AM

1982 – At the University of Utah, Barney Clark becomes the first person to receive a permanent artificial heart; lived 112 days with Jarvic-7 heart.

1984 USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR

1987 Chicago City Council elects Eugene Sawyer acting mayor

1987 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site

1988 "Naked Gun" movie based on TV's "Police Squad" premieres

1988 5 gunmen who hijacked Soviet Aeroflot jet surrender in Israel

1988 – Benazir Bhutto is sworn in as Prime Minister of Pakistan, becoming the first woman to head the government of an Islam-dominated state.

1988 STS-27 Atlantis launched (Secret military mission)

1988 UN votes 151-2 (Israel and US) to move PLO debate to Geneva, Great Britain abstains

1989 V. P. Singh sworn in as the 8th Prime Minister of India

1990 First parliamentary election in newly reunified Germany

1990 First time 12 people in space at the same time

1990 US 69th manned space mission STS 35 (Columbia 11) launches into orbit

1991 – Canada and Poland become the first nations on earth to recognize the independence of Ukraine from the Soviet Union.

1991 Muslim Shi'ites release American hostage Joseph Cicippio held in Lebanon

1993 – Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar is shot and killed in the city of Medellin while trying to escape from police.

1993 – Space Shuttle program: STS-61: NASA launches the Space Shuttle Endeavour on a mission to repair the Hubble Space Telescope.

1994 Cruise liner Achille Lauro (Willem Ruys) sinks off the coast of Somalia

1994 Jury finds Heidi Fleiss guilty of running a call girl ring

1999 – Glenbrook rail accident: Seven passengers are killed when two trains collide near Sydney, New South Wales.

1999 – The United Kingdom devolves political power in Northern Ireland to the Northern Ireland Executive.

2001 – The energy company Enron Corporation files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in a New York court, sparking one of the largest corporate scandals in U.S. history.

2001 Tony Fernandes' company Tune Air Sdn Bhd buys the heavily indebted AirAsia for 1 MYR (about USD 0.26 at the time)

2002 New climate-controlled vault to conserve and display the Sarajevo Haggadah illuminated manuscript (c. 1350) dedicated in Sarajevo’s National Museum

2005 Van Tuong Nguyen is executed in Singapore for drug trafficking.

2008 Thai Prime Minister Somchai Wongsawat resigns after the 2008 Thailand political crisis

2012 9 people are killed after 30 cars are trapped in Sasago Tunnel, Japan

2012 Borut Pahor is elected President of Slovenia

2012 Pier Luigi Bersani is elected Italian Prime Minister

2013 "The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug", 2nd film in the Hobbit series, directed by Peter Jackson, starring Martin Freeman and Ian McKellen, premieres in Los Angeles

2013 China launches its first moon rover mission

2014 Comedian Bill Cosby resigns from the board of trustees of an American university following renewed sexual assault allegations

2014 Elizabeth Lauten, an aide to a Republican congressman resigns after her online criticism of President Barack Obama's teenage daughters

2014 Hong Kong pro-democracy activists clash with police as they try to surround the government's headquarters in some of the worst violence since the protests began

2014 Stephen Hawking claims that Artificial Intelligence could be a "threat to mankind" and spell the end of the human race

2014 The World Food Programme suspends critical food aid to more than 1.7 million Syrian refugees in Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, Iraq and Egypt because of a lack of funds

2014 Vanuatu police arrest at least 20 people over the deaths by hanging of two men accused of sorcery

2015 Attack on a social services centre in San Bernardino, California kills 14 and wounds 17

2016 Donald Trump takes a call with Taiwanese leader Tsai Ing-wen, in a break from America's long standing "One China" policy

2016 Fire during a dance party at an Oakland warehouse kills 36

2017 Egyptian lawyer Nabih al-Wahsh sentenced to 3 years in prison for saying women wearing ripped jeans should be raped

2018 Andrés Manuel López Obrador is sworn in as President of Mexico

2018 Israeli police recommend Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his wife be charged with fraud and bribery

2018 Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari denies he has died and been replaced by a Sudanese impostor after ill health

2018 Trade war truce agreed between US President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping at G-20 meeting in Argentina

2019 Steve Bullock and Joe Sestak drop out of the US Presidential race

2020 The UK becomes the first western country to authorize a vaccine for COVID-19, the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine

2020 US Attorney General William Barr says there is no evidence of widespread voter fraud in the 2020 presidential election, despite claims by President Donald Trump

2020 US records its largest daily death toll for COVID-19 at 2,885 and for the first time patient
 numbers in hospital exceed 100,000



Saints' Days and Holy Days

Traditional Western

Bibiana, Virgin and Martyr.     Semi-double.


Contemporary Western

Bibiana
Chromatius


Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran

Channing Moore Williams (Anglicanism)


Eastern Orthodox

December 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

Saints

Prophet Habakkuk (Abbacum) (7th century BC)
Martyr Myrope of Chios, under Decius (251)
Martyr Abibus the New (Abibus of Edessa), Deacon,
      burned at the stake (c. 307-323)
Saints John, Heraclemon, Andrew and Theophilus,
      of Oxyrhynchus, hermits of Egypt (4th century)
Saint Moses the Confessor (Moses the Economos)
Venerable Jesse (Ise, Isidore), Bishop of Tsilkani in Georgia (6th century)
Saint Solomon, Archbishop of Ephesus

Pre-Schism Western Saints

Saint Evasius, First Bishop of Brescia in Italy
Saint Lupus (Luperius), Bishop of Verona in Italy, Confessor
Martyrs Eusebius, a priest; Marcellus, a deacon; Hippolytus, Maximus, Adria,
      Paulina, Neon, Mary, Martana, and Aurelia - under Valerian (c. 254-259)
Martyr Pontian, with four others, at Rome, under Valerian (c. 259)
Saint Bibiana (Vibiana, Vivian), a holy virgin martyred in Rome (c. 361-363)
Saint Chromatius, Bishop of Aquileia near Venice,
      friend of St John Chrysostom, Confessor (406)
Martyrs Severus, Securus, Januarius and Victorinus, martyrs in North Africa
      who suffered under the Vandals (c. 450)
Saint Silverius, Pope of Rome (537)
Saint Trumwine of Abercorn (Trumwin of Whitby), the only ever Bishop
      of the Northumbrian see of the Picts (late 7th century)

Post-Schism Orthodox Saints

Saint Cyril of Phileotes (in the vicinity of Derkos in Thrace) (1110)
Venerable Abbacum the Ascetic of Cyprus, Wonderworker (late 12th century)
Saint Athanasius “the Resurrected,” recluse of the Kiev Caves,
       whose relics are in the Near Caves (1176)
Saint Athanasius, recluse of the Kiev Caves,
      whose relics are in the Far Caves (1264)
Saint Stephen-Urosh V, King of Serbia (1371), and his mother St. Helena (1376), of Serbia
Saint Joannicius of Devič, Serbia (1430)
Venerable Hiero-Confessor Alexei (Kabaliuk) of Carpathia, Schema-Archimandrite,
      of Khust, Apostle of Carpatho-Russia (1947)
Venerable Elder Porphyrios (Bairaktaris) of Kafsokalivia, an Athonite hieromonk
      known for his gifts of spiritual discernment (1991)

New Martyrs and Confessors

New Hieromartyr John, priest (1919)
New Hieromartyr Matthew Alexandrov, priest of Simferopol-Crimea (1921)[14][18][23][28]
New Hieromartyr Demetrius Blagoveshtensky, priest, and Venarable Vera Grafovoy, Confessor (1932)[18][28]
New Hieromartyrs (1937):[14][18][28]
Constantine Nekrasov and Nicholas Vinogradsky, Protopresbyters of Moscow;
Sergius Felitsin, Vladimir Proferansov, John Derzhavin, Theodore Alexinsky, Nicholas Zabolotsky, John Dniprovsky, Nicholas Safonov, Priests;
Hieromartyrs Danact Kalashnikov of Moscow and Alma Ata (hieromonk), and Cosmas Magda;
Hieromartyrs (Nuns): Theuromia, Tamara Provorkinoy, Antonina Stepanova, and Mary Dmitrievska;
Virgin-martyrs: Mary Zhuravlevoy and Matrona Konyukhova.
Virgin-martyr Mary Zeitlin (1938)[18][28]
Martyr Boris Uspensky (1942)

Other commemorations

Repose of Elder Luke “the Guestmaster” of Valaam (Schema-abbot Luke), (1965)


Coptic Orthodox





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