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Events
218 BC – Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia – Hannibal's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Roman Republic.
1271 – Kublai Khan renames his empire "Yuan" (元 yuán), officially marking the start of the Yuan dynasty of Mongolia and China.
1606: At Westminster in London, Guy Fawkes, a chief conspirator in the plot to blow up the British Parliament building, jumps to his death moments before his execution for treason.
1620: The British ship Mayflower docked at modern-day Plymouth,Massachusetts, and its passengers prepared to begin their new settlement, Plymouth Colony.
1622 – Portuguese forces score a military victory over the Kingdom of Kongo at the Battle of Mbumbi in present-day Angola.
1655 – The Whitehall Conference ends with the determination that there was no law preventing Jews from re-entering England after the Edict of Expulsion of 1290.
1688 – The inhabitants of Derry shut the city gates against the Irish Army of James II.
1777 – The United States celebrates its first national day of Thanksgiving, commemorating the American victory at the Battle of Saratoga after the surrender of British General John Burgoyne and 5,000 British troops in October.
1787 – New Jersey becomes the third state to ratify the U.S. Constitution.
1793 – Surrender of the frigate La Lutine by French Royalists to Lord Samuel Hood; renamed HMS Lutine, she later becomes a famous treasure wreck.
1799 – George Washington's body is interred at Mount Vernon.
1862 – Confederate cavalry leader General Nathan Bedford Forrest routed a Union force under the command of Colonel Robert Ingersoll on a raid into western Tennessee, an area held by the Union.
1865 – The 13th Amendment — abolishing slavery — was declared in effect by Secretary of State William H. Seward. Despite protests from the Democrats, the Republican Party made banning slavery part of its national platform in 1864. Senator Lyman Trumbull (R-IL) wrote the final version of the text, combining the proposed wordings of several other Republican congressmen. All Republicans in Congress voted for the 13th Amendment, while nearly all Democrats voted against it.
1867 – The Angola Horror train wreck occurred.
1878: John Kehoe, the last of the Molly Maguires, 1s executed in Pennsylvania. The Molly Maguires, an Irish secret society that had allegedly been responsible for some incidences of vigilante justice in the coalfields of eastern Pennsylvania, defended their actions as attempts to protect exploited Irish-American workers. In fact, they are often regarded as one of the first organized labor groups.
1878 – The Al-Thani family become the rulers of the state of Qatar.
1888 – Richard Wetherill and his brother in-law discover the ancient ruins of Cliff Palace in Mesa Verde. whatwasthere.com photo
1892 – Premiere performance of The Nutcracker by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
1898 – Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat sets the first officially recognized land speed record of 39.245 mph (63.159 km/h) in a Jeantaud electric car.
1900 – The Upper Ferntree Gully to Gembrook, Victoria Narrow-gauge (2 ft 6 in or 762 mm) Railway (now the Puffing Billy Railway) in Victoria, Australia is opened for traffic.
1912 – The Piltdown Man, later discovered to be a hoax, is announced by Charles Dawson.
1916 – World War I: The Battle of Verdun, the longest engagement of World War I, ends when German forces under Chief of staff Erich von Falkenhayn are defeated by the French, and suffer 337,000 casualties.
1917 – The resolution containing the language of the Eighteenth Amendment to enact Prohibition is passed by the United States Congress and sent to the states for ratification.
1932 – The Chicago Bears defeat the Portsmouth Spartans in the first NFL Championship Game.
1935 – The Lanka Sama Samaja Party is founded in Ceylon.
1939 – World War II: The Battle of the Heligoland Bight, the first major air battle of the war, takes place.
1941: Japanese troops landed in Hong Kong.
1944 – World War II: Seventy-seven B-29 Superfortress and 200 other aircraft of U.S. Fourteenth Air Force bomb Hankow, China, a Japanese supply base.
1953: Flooding in the North Sea killed more than 1,500 people in the Netherlands and destroyed 1 million acres of farmland. The storm also caused death and destruction in Great Britain and Belgium.
1956 – Japan joins the United Nations.
1958 – Project SCORE, the world's first communications satellite, is launched.
1966 – Saturn's moon Epimetheus is discovered by Richard L. Walker.
1969 – Capital punishment in the United Kingdom: Home Secretary James Callaghan's motion to make permanent the Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965, which had temporarily suspended capital punishment in England, Wales and Scotland for murder (but not for all crimes) for a period of five years.
1971 – Capitol Reef National Park is established in Utah.
1972 – Vietnam War: After the breakdown of peace talks with North Vietnam on the 13th, President Richard Nixon announces the beginning of a massive bombing campaign to break the stalemate. The United States will engage North Vietnam in Operation Linebacker II, a series of Christmas bombings,
1973 – Soviet Soyuz Programme: Soyuz 13, crewed by cosmonauts Valentin Lebedev and Pyotr Klimuk, is launched from Baikonur in the Soviet Union.
1973 – The Islamic Development Bank is founded.
1978 – Dominica joins the United Nations.
1982: A power plant fire began in Venezuela. By the time it ended, the fire killed 128 people and injured hundreds more. Half the capital city of Caracas lost electrical power and 40,000 people had to be evacuated.
1987 – Larry Wall releases the first version of the Perl programming language.
1989 – The European Economic Community and the Soviet Union sign an agreement on trade and commercial and economic cooperation.
1997 – HTML 4.0 is published by the World Wide Web Consortium.
1999 – NASA launches into orbit the Terra platform carrying five Earth Observation instruments, including ASTER, CERES, MISR, MODIS and MOPITT.
2002 – California gubernatorial recall: Then Governor of California Gray Davis announces that the state would face a record budget deficit of $35 billion, roughly double the figure reported during his reelection campaign one month earlier.
2005 – The Chadian Civil War begins when rebel groups, allegedly backed by neighbouring Sudan, launch an attack in Adré.
2006 – The first of a series of floods strikes Malaysia. The death toll of all flooding is at least 118, with over 400,000 people displaced.
2006 – United Arab Emirates holds its first-ever elections.
2010 – Anti-government protests begin in Tunisia, heralding the Arab Spring.
2018 – A meteor explodes over the Bering Sea with a force over 10 times greater than the atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima in 1945.
Martyr Eubotius, at Cyzicus (320)
Saint Florus, Bishop of Amisus (7th century)
Martyrs Phocas and Hermilas, by the sword
Hieromartyrs Zacchaeus, Deacon, and Alphaeus, reader, at Caesarea.
Saint Sophia the Wonderworker
Hieromartyr Modestus I, Archbishop of Jerusalem (4th century)
Saint Michael the Confessor, at Constantinople (845)
Venerable Nomon.
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Martyrs Rufus and Zosimus, at Philippi in Macedonia (c. 107)
Martyr Moses (Moysetes), a martyr in North Africa
who probably suffered under Decius (c. 250)
Martyrs Quintus, Simplicius and Companions, in North Africa
under the Emperors Decius and Valerian (c. 255)
Martyrs Victurus, Victor, Victorinus, Adjutor, Quartus
and 30 other companions, in North Africa
Martyr Sebastian, at Rome, and his companions:
Martyrs Nicostratus, Zoe, Castorius, Tranquillinus, Marcellinus, Mark,
Claudius, Symphorian, Victorinus, Tiburtius, and Castulus (287)
Saint Gatianus of Tours, first Bishop of Tours (3rd century)
Saint Bodagisil, founded and was the first Abbot of a monastery
on the Meuse in Belgium (588)
Saint Samthann, foundress of the convent of Clonbroney
in Co. Longford in Ireland (6th century)
Saint Flannán, first Bishop of Killaloe in Ireland (7th century)
Saint Desiderius of Fontenelle (Desideratus), son of St Waningus (700)
Saint Winebald (Winibald), Abbot of Heidenheim
and Bishop of Eichstatt (Germany) (761)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Daniel the Hesychast (Daniil Sihastrul), of Voronet (Romania) (15th century)
Venerable Sebastian, Abbot of Poshekhonye Monastery (Vologda) (1500)
New Martyrs and Confessors
Martyr Victor Matveev (1936)
New Hieromartyr Thaddeus (Uspensky), Archbishop of Tver (1937)
New Hieromartyr Nicholas (Klementiev), Archbishop
of Great Ustiug (Velikoustiuzh) (1937)
New Hieromartyrs (1937):
Andrew Voskresensky of Moscow,
John Mironsky of Chimkent,
Vladimir Preobrazhensky of Chimkent, and
Elias Benemansky of Tver, Priests (1937)
New Hieromartyr Sergius Astakhov, Deacon (1942)
Virgin-martyr Vera Truks of Zhitomir (1942)
Other commemorations
1865 – The 13th Amendment — abolishing slavery — was declared in effect by Secretary of State William H. Seward. Despite protests from the Democrats, the Republican Party made banning slavery part of its national platform in 1864. Senator Lyman Trumbull (R-IL) wrote the final version of the text, combining the proposed wordings of several other Republican congressmen. All Republicans in Congress voted for the 13th Amendment, while nearly all Democrats voted against it.
1867 – The Angola Horror train wreck occurred.
1878: John Kehoe, the last of the Molly Maguires, 1s executed in Pennsylvania. The Molly Maguires, an Irish secret society that had allegedly been responsible for some incidences of vigilante justice in the coalfields of eastern Pennsylvania, defended their actions as attempts to protect exploited Irish-American workers. In fact, they are often regarded as one of the first organized labor groups.
1878 – The Al-Thani family become the rulers of the state of Qatar.
1888 – Richard Wetherill and his brother in-law discover the ancient ruins of Cliff Palace in Mesa Verde. whatwasthere.com photo
1892 – Premiere performance of The Nutcracker by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
1898 – Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat sets the first officially recognized land speed record of 39.245 mph (63.159 km/h) in a Jeantaud electric car.
1900 – The Upper Ferntree Gully to Gembrook, Victoria Narrow-gauge (2 ft 6 in or 762 mm) Railway (now the Puffing Billy Railway) in Victoria, Australia is opened for traffic.
1912 – The Piltdown Man, later discovered to be a hoax, is announced by Charles Dawson.
1916 – World War I: The Battle of Verdun, the longest engagement of World War I, ends when German forces under Chief of staff Erich von Falkenhayn are defeated by the French, and suffer 337,000 casualties.
1917 – The resolution containing the language of the Eighteenth Amendment to enact Prohibition is passed by the United States Congress and sent to the states for ratification.
1932 – The Chicago Bears defeat the Portsmouth Spartans in the first NFL Championship Game.
1935 – The Lanka Sama Samaja Party is founded in Ceylon.
1939 – World War II: The Battle of the Heligoland Bight, the first major air battle of the war, takes place.
1941: Japanese troops landed in Hong Kong.
1944 – World War II: Seventy-seven B-29 Superfortress and 200 other aircraft of U.S. Fourteenth Air Force bomb Hankow, China, a Japanese supply base.
1953: Flooding in the North Sea killed more than 1,500 people in the Netherlands and destroyed 1 million acres of farmland. The storm also caused death and destruction in Great Britain and Belgium.
1956 – Japan joins the United Nations.
1958 – Project SCORE, the world's first communications satellite, is launched.
1966 – Saturn's moon Epimetheus is discovered by Richard L. Walker.
1969 – Capital punishment in the United Kingdom: Home Secretary James Callaghan's motion to make permanent the Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965, which had temporarily suspended capital punishment in England, Wales and Scotland for murder (but not for all crimes) for a period of five years.
1971 – Capitol Reef National Park is established in Utah.
1972 – Vietnam War: After the breakdown of peace talks with North Vietnam on the 13th, President Richard Nixon announces the beginning of a massive bombing campaign to break the stalemate. The United States will engage North Vietnam in Operation Linebacker II, a series of Christmas bombings,
1973 – Soviet Soyuz Programme: Soyuz 13, crewed by cosmonauts Valentin Lebedev and Pyotr Klimuk, is launched from Baikonur in the Soviet Union.
1973 – The Islamic Development Bank is founded.
1978 – Dominica joins the United Nations.
1982: A power plant fire began in Venezuela. By the time it ended, the fire killed 128 people and injured hundreds more. Half the capital city of Caracas lost electrical power and 40,000 people had to be evacuated.
1987 – Larry Wall releases the first version of the Perl programming language.
1989 – The European Economic Community and the Soviet Union sign an agreement on trade and commercial and economic cooperation.
1997 – HTML 4.0 is published by the World Wide Web Consortium.
1999 – NASA launches into orbit the Terra platform carrying five Earth Observation instruments, including ASTER, CERES, MISR, MODIS and MOPITT.
2002 – California gubernatorial recall: Then Governor of California Gray Davis announces that the state would face a record budget deficit of $35 billion, roughly double the figure reported during his reelection campaign one month earlier.
2005 – The Chadian Civil War begins when rebel groups, allegedly backed by neighbouring Sudan, launch an attack in Adré.
2006 – The first of a series of floods strikes Malaysia. The death toll of all flooding is at least 118, with over 400,000 people displaced.
2006 – United Arab Emirates holds its first-ever elections.
2010 – Anti-government protests begin in Tunisia, heralding the Arab Spring.
2018 – A meteor explodes over the Bering Sea with a force over 10 times greater than the atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima in 1945.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
O Radix Jesse, Qui stas in signum populorum, super quem continebunt reges os suum, quem gentes depracabuntur, Veni ad redimendum nos, Jam noli tardare.
O Root of Jesse, Which standest for an ensign of the people, at Whom the kings shall shut their mouths, unto Whom the Gentiles shall seek; come, to deliver us, make no tarrying!
O ROD of Jesse's stem, arise,
And save us from our enemies;
And set us free from Satan's chains,
And from the pit with all its pains.
Draw nigh, draw nigh, with us to dwell,
In haste to save Thine Israel.
Traditional Western
The Blessed Virgin Mary looking shortly to be delivered. Greater Double.
Contemporary Western
Expectation of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Flannán
Gatianus of Tours
O Adonai
Our Lady of Expectation
Winibald
Flannán
Gatianus of Tours
O Adonai
Our Lady of Expectation
Winibald
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Saint Florus, Bishop of Amisus (7th century)
Martyrs Phocas and Hermilas, by the sword
Hieromartyrs Zacchaeus, Deacon, and Alphaeus, reader, at Caesarea.
Saint Sophia the Wonderworker
Hieromartyr Modestus I, Archbishop of Jerusalem (4th century)
Saint Michael the Confessor, at Constantinople (845)
Venerable Nomon.
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Martyr Moses (Moysetes), a martyr in North Africa
who probably suffered under Decius (c. 250)
Martyrs Quintus, Simplicius and Companions, in North Africa
under the Emperors Decius and Valerian (c. 255)
Martyrs Victurus, Victor, Victorinus, Adjutor, Quartus
and 30 other companions, in North Africa
Martyr Sebastian, at Rome, and his companions:
Martyrs Nicostratus, Zoe, Castorius, Tranquillinus, Marcellinus, Mark,
Claudius, Symphorian, Victorinus, Tiburtius, and Castulus (287)
Saint Gatianus of Tours, first Bishop of Tours (3rd century)
Saint Bodagisil, founded and was the first Abbot of a monastery
on the Meuse in Belgium (588)
Saint Samthann, foundress of the convent of Clonbroney
in Co. Longford in Ireland (6th century)
Saint Flannán, first Bishop of Killaloe in Ireland (7th century)
Saint Desiderius of Fontenelle (Desideratus), son of St Waningus (700)
Saint Winebald (Winibald), Abbot of Heidenheim
and Bishop of Eichstatt (Germany) (761)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Venerable Sebastian, Abbot of Poshekhonye Monastery (Vologda) (1500)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Thaddeus (Uspensky), Archbishop of Tver (1937)
New Hieromartyr Nicholas (Klementiev), Archbishop
of Great Ustiug (Velikoustiuzh) (1937)
New Hieromartyrs (1937):
Andrew Voskresensky of Moscow,
John Mironsky of Chimkent,
Vladimir Preobrazhensky of Chimkent, and
Elias Benemansky of Tver, Priests (1937)
New Hieromartyr Sergius Astakhov, Deacon (1942)
Virgin-martyr Vera Truks of Zhitomir (1942)
Other commemorations
Consecration of the Church of the Theotokos in Halkoprateia-Constantinople
Glorification (1694) of Righteous Simeon, Wonderworker of Verkhoturye (1642)
Repose of Schemanun Nazaria, Eldress of Varatec Monastery (Romania) (1814)
Repose of Metropolitan Benjamin (Costachi) of Moldavia (1846)
Slaying of Hieromonk Nestor of Zharki (Ivanovo) (1993)
Glorification (1694) of Righteous Simeon, Wonderworker of Verkhoturye (1642)
Repose of Schemanun Nazaria, Eldress of Varatec Monastery (Romania) (1814)
Repose of Metropolitan Benjamin (Costachi) of Moldavia (1846)
Slaying of Hieromonk Nestor of Zharki (Ivanovo) (1993)
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