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Events
497 BC – The first Saturnalia festival was celebrated in ancient Rome.
546 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoths under king Totila plunder the city, by bribing the Byzantine garrison.
920 – Romanos I Lekapenos is crowned co-emperor of the underage Constantine VII.
942 – Assassination of William I of Normandy.
1398 – Sultan Nasir-u Din Mehmud's armies in Delhi are defeated by Timur.
1538 – Pope Paul III excommunicates Henry VIII of England.
1583 – Cologne War: Forces under Ernest of Bavaria defeat troops under Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg at the Siege of Godesberg.
1586 – Go-Yōzei becomes Emperor of Japan.
1600 – Marriage of Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici.
1718 – War of the Quadruple Alliance: Great Britain declares war on Spain.
1777 – American Revolution: The French foreign minister, Charles Gravier, count of Vergennes, officially acknowledges the United States as an independent nation.
1777 – George Washington's army returns to Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.
1790 – Discovery of the Aztec calendar stone.
1807 – Napoleonic Wars: France issues the Milan Decree, which confirms the Continental System.
1812 – War of 1812: U.S. forces attack a Lenape village in the Battle of the Mississinewa.
1819 – Simón Bolívar declares the independence of Gran Colombia in Angostura (now Ciudad Bolívar in Venezuela).
1835 – Great Fire of New York: Fire levels lower Manhattan.
1837 – A fire in the Winter Palace of Saint Petersburg kills 30 guards.
1842: Charles Dickens' classic story "A Christmas Carol" was published.
1862 – American Civil War: Union General Ulysses S. Grant lashes out at at Jewish cotton speculators, who he believed were the driving force behind the black market for cotton, and issued General Order No. 11, expelling all Jewish people from his military district, which encompassed parts of Tennessee, Mississippi and Kentucky.
1865 – First performance of the Unfinished Symphony by Franz Schubert.
1892 – First issue of Vogue is published
1896 – Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's Schenley Park Casino, which was the first multi-purpose arena with the technology to create an artificial ice surface in North America, is destroyed in a fire.
1900 – At a cost of $1.5million, the New Ellis Island Immigration station completed.
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| First Flight of the Wright Flyer - 1903 |
1907 – Ugyen Wangchuck is crowned first King of Bhutan.
1918 – Darwin Rebellion: Up to 1,000 demonstrators march on Government House in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
1919 – Uruguay becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
1927 – 34 people are killed aboard a U.S. submarine S-4 after it sinks due to a collision.
1926 – Antanas Smetona assumes power in Lithuania as the 1926 coup d'état is successful.
1927 – Indian revolutionary Rajendra Lahiri is hanged in Gonda jail, Uttar Pradesh, India, two days before the scheduled date.
1928 – Indian revolutionaries Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar and Shivaram Rajguru assassinate British police officer James Saunders in Lahore, Punjab, to avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai at the hands of the police. The three were executed in 1931.
1935 – First flight of the Douglas DC-3.
1938 – Otto Hahn discovers the nuclear fission of the heavy element uranium, the scientific and technological basis of nuclear energy.
1939 – World War II: Battle of the River Plate: The Admiral Graf Spee is scuttled by Captain Hans Langsdorff outside Montevideo.
1941 – World War II: Japanese forces land in Northern Borneo.
1941 – Rear Admiral Husband E. Kimmel was relieved of his command of the U.S. Pacific Fleet as part of a shake-up of officers in the wake of the Pearl Harbor disaster.
1943 – All Chinese are again permitted to become citizens of the United States with the repealing of the Act of 1882 and the introduction of the Magnuson Act.
1944 – World War II: Battle of the Bulge: Malmedy massacre: American 285th Field Artillery Observation Battalion POWs are shot by Waffen-SS Kampfgruppe Peiper.
1944 – U.S. Major General Henry C. Pratt issued Public Proclamation No. 21, declaring that, effective January 2, 1945, Japanese American "evacuees" from the West Coast could return to their homes.
1947 – First flight of the Boeing B-47 Stratojet strategic bomber.
1950 – The F-86 Sabre's first mission over Korea.
1951 – The American Civil Rights Congress delivers "We Charge Genocide" to the United Nations.
1957 – The United States successfully launches the first Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile at Cape Canaveral, Florida.
1960 – Troops loyal to Emperor Haile Selassie in Ethiopia crush the coup that began December 13, returning power to their leader upon his return from Brazil. Haile Selassie absolves his son of any guilt.
1960 – Munich C-131 crash: Twenty passengers and crew on board as well as 32 people on the ground are killed.
1961 – Niterói circus fire: Fire breaks out during a performance by the Gran Circus Norte-Americano in the city of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, killing more than 500 people and severely burning hundreds more.
1967 – Australian Prime Minister Harold Holt disappears while swimming near Portsea, Victoria, and is presumed drowned.
1969 – The SALT I talks begin.
1969 – Project Blue Book: The United States Air Force closes its study of UFOs.
1970 – Polish 1970 protests: In Gdynia, soldiers fire at workers emerging from trains, killing dozens.
1971 – Cambodian government positions in Prak Ham, 40 miles north of Phnom Penh, and the 4,000-man base at Taing Kauk were the targets of continuous heavy bombardment by communist forces.
1973 – Thirty passengers are killed in an attack by Palestinian terrorists on Rome's Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport.
1981 – American Brigadier General James L. Dozier is abducted by the Red Brigades in Verona, Italy.
1983 – Provisional IRA members detonate a car bomb at Harrods Department Store in London, England, United Kingdom. Three police officers and three civilians are killed.
1987 – Final Fantasy is released in Japan on the Famicon, marking the start of the Final Fantasy series and saving Square from bankruptcy.
1989 – Romanian Revolution: Protests continue in Timișoara, Romania, with rioters breaking into the Romanian Communist Party's District Committee building and attempting to set it on fire.
1989 – Fernando Collor de Mello defeats Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in the second round of the Brazilian presidential election, becoming the first democratically elected President in almost 30 years.
1991: After a long meeting between Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev and President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin, a spokesman for the latter announced that the Soviet Union would officially cease to exist on or before New Year's Eve.
1992: President George H.W. Bush, Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari sign the North American Free Trade Agreement in separate ceremonies.
1997 – The British Firearms (Amendment) (No. 2) Act 1997 comes into force, banning all handguns with the exception of antique and show weapons.
2002 – Second Congo War: The Congolese parties of the Inter Congolese Dialogue sign a peace accord which makes provision for transitional governance and legislative and presidential elections within two years.
2003 – The Soham murder trial ends at the Old Bailey in London, England, with Ian Huntley found guilty of two counts of murder. His girlfriend Maxine Carr is found guilty of perverting the course of justice.
2003 – SpaceShipOne, piloted by Brian Binnie, makes its first powered and first supersonic flight.
2005 – Anti-World Trade Organization protesters riot in Wan Chai, Hong Kong.
2005 – Jigme Singye Wangchuck abdicates the throne as King of Bhutan.
2009 – MV Danny F II sinks off the coast of Lebanon, resulting in the deaths of 44 people and over 28,000 animals.
2010 – Mohamed Bouazizi sets himself on fire. This act became the catalyst for the Tunisian Revolution and the wider Arab Spring.
2013 – The anti-corruption operation in Turkey begins with high profile detainments.
2014 – The United States and Cuba re-establish diplomatic relations after severing them 55 years ago.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
O Adonai! et Dux domus Israel, qui Moysi in igne flammae rubi apparuisti, et ei in Sina legem dedisti, Vini ad redimendum nos in brachio intento.
O Adonai, and Ruler of the house of Israel, Who didst appear unto Moses in the burning bush, and gavest him the law in Sinai: come, to redeem us with an outstretched arm!
RULER and Lord, draw nigh, draw nigh!
Who to Thy flock on Sinai
Didst give, of ancient times, Thy Law,
In cloud, and majesty, and awe.
Draw nigh, draw nigh, with us to dwell,
And save, O God, Thine Israel.
Traditional Western
O Sapientia
Contemporary Western
Josep Manyanet i Vives
Lazarus of Bethany (local commemoration in Cuba)
O Sapientia
Wivina
Sturm
Lazarus of Bethany (local commemoration in Cuba)
O Sapientia
Wivina
Sturm
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
O Adonai [Anglican medieval English usage]
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Ananias, Azarias, and Misael
Monk-martyrs Patermuthius and Coprius, and Martyr
Alexander the Soldier, of Egypt (361-363)
Martyr Bacchus, from Triglia, by the sword
Venerable Daniel the Confessor (Stephen the Confessor
in schema) of Spain and Egypt (10th century)
Saints Athanasius, Nicholas, and Anthony, disciples of
Athanasius the Athonite and founders of Vatopedi
monastery, Mt. Athos (10th century)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
in France, he founded Our Lady of Cunault (5th century)
Saint Tydecho of Wales, brother of Saint Cadfan (6th century)
Saint Briarch, born in Ireland, became a monk in Wales with St
Tudwal, whom he accompanied to Brittany, built a monastery
in Guingamp and reposed in Bourbiac (c. 627)
Saint Judicaël, son of Hoel and king of Domnonia and Brittany,
much loved by his people, spent the last twenty years of his
life in the monastery of Gäel near Vannes (658)
Saint Begga, founder and Abbess of a convent in Andenne
on the Meuse in Belgium (698)
Saint Sturm (Sturmius), Abbot and Apostle of Saxony,
founder of Fulda Monastery (Germany) (779)
Saint Eigil of Fulda, the fourth abbot of Fulda (822)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Dionysios of Zakynthos, Archbishop of Aegina (1624)
Saint Misael of Abalatsk, Hieromonk (1797)
New Hieromartyrs Paisius, Abbot of Trnava (Turnovo),
Cacak (1814), and Abbacum, Deacon (1815), at Belgrade
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Nicholas Beltiukov, Protopresbyter of Perm (1918)
New Hieromartyr Alexander Savelov, Priest of Perm (1918)
New Hieromartyr John Zemlyani, Priest of Alma-Ata (1937)
New Hieromartyr Peter Pokrovsky, Priest (1937)
Other commemorations
Repose of Elder Hadji George of Mt. Athos (1886)
Repose of Hiero-schemamonk Daniel (Sandu Tudor),
poet of Romania (1962)
Repose of lay elder Panagis of Ilami, Cyprus (1989)
Repose of Hiero-schemamonk Daniel (Sandu Tudor),
poet of Romania (1962)
Repose of lay elder Panagis of Ilami, Cyprus (1989)
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