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456 – Magister militum Ricimer defeats Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire.
690 – Empress Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire.
1384 – Jadwiga is crowned King of Poland, although she is a woman.
1590 – Carlo Gesualdo, composer, Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza, murders his wife, Donna Maria d'Avalos, and her lover Fabrizio Carafa, the Duke of Andria at the Palazzo San Severo in Naples.
1773: The first public statement against the British Parliament's Tea Act was a document printed in the Pennsylvania Gazette, which became known as the "Philadelphia Resolutions."
1780 – Royalton, Vermont and Tunbridge, Vermont are the last major raids of the American Revolutionary War.
1781 – George Washington captures Yorktown, Virginia after the Siege of Yorktown.
1793 – Nine months after the execution of her husband, the former King Louis XVI of France, Marie-Antoinette follows him to the guillotine at the height of the French Revolution.
1793 – The Battle of Wattignies ends in a French victory.
1813 – The Sixth Coalition attacks Napoleon Bonaparte in the Battle of Leipzig.
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Tremont Street, 1860s;
Tremont House at right,
Park St. Church in distance
photo from Wikimedia Commons
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1834 – Much of the ancient structure of the Palace of Westminster in London burns to the ground.
1841 – Queen's University is founded in Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
1843 – Sir William Rowan Hamilton comes up with the idea of quaternions, a non-commutative extension of complex numbers.
1846 – William T. G. Morton first demonstrated ether anesthesia at the Massachusetts General Hospital in the Ether Dome.
1859: Abolitionist John Brown leads a small group on a raid against a federal armory in Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia), in an attempt to start an armed slave revolt and destroy the institution of slavery.
1869 – A hotel in Boston becomes the first to have the luxury of indoor plumbing.
1869 – The Cardiff Giant, one of the most famous American hoaxes, is "discovered".
1869 – Girton College, Cambridge is founded, becoming England's first residential college for women.
1875 – Brigham Young University is founded in Provo, Utah.
1882 – The Nickel Plate Railroad opens for business.
1905 – The Partition of Bengal in India takes place.
1906 – The Captain of Köpenick fools the city hall of Köpenick and several soldiers by impersonating a Prussian officer.
1909 – William Howard Taft and Porfirio Díaz hold a summit, a first between a U.S. and a Mexican president, and they only narrowly escape assassination.
1916 – In Brooklyn, New York, Margaret Sanger opens the first family planning clinic in the United States.
1923 – The Walt Disney Company is founded by Walt Disney and his brother, Roy Disney.
1934: The embattled Chinese Communists break through Nationalist enemy lines and begin an epic flight from their encircled headquarters in southwest China. Known as Ch'ang Cheng—the "Long March"—the retreat lasted 368 days and covered 6,000 miles, nearly twice the distance from New York to San Francisco. By the time it ended Mao Zedong had regained his title as party chairman.
1939 – World War II: First attack on British territory by the German Luftwaffe.
1940 – Holocaust: The Warsaw Ghetto is established.
1943 – Holocaust: Raid of the Ghetto of Rome
1943 – Chicago’s new subway system is debuted by Mayor Ed Kelly.
1944 – Wally Walrus, Woody Woodpecker's first steady foil, was debuted in The Beach Nut, a Walter Lantz cartoon.
1945 – The Food and Agriculture Organization is founded in Quebec City, Canada.
1946: At Nuremberg, Germany, 10 high-ranking Nazi officials were executed by hanging for their crimes against humanity, crimes against peace, and war crimes during World War II.
1949 – Nikolaos Zachariadis, leader of the Communist Party of Greece, announces a "temporary cease-fire", effectively ending the Greek Civil War.
1949 – The diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and the German Democratic Republic are established.
1951 – The first Prime Minister of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan, is assassinated in Rawalpindi.
1962: President John F. Kennedy was informed by national security adviser McGeorge Bundy that reconnaissance photographs had revealed the presence of missile bases in Cuba, beginning the Cuban Missile Crisis.
1964: The People's Republic of China joins the rank of nations with atomic bomb capability, after a successful nuclear test on this day in 1964. China is the fifth member of this exclusive club, joining the United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and France.
1964 – Soviet leaders Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin are inaugurated as General Secretary of the CPSU and Premier, respectively and the collective leadership is established.
1968 – United States athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos are kicked off the US team for participating in the 1968 Olympics Black Power salute.
1968 – Kingston, Jamaica is rocked by the Rodney Riots, inspired by the barring of Walter Rodney from the country.
1968 – Yasunari Kawabata becomes the first Japanese person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
1970 – In response to the October Crisis terrorist kidnapping, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau of Canada invokes the War Measures Act.
1973 – Henry Kissinger and Lê Đức Thọ are awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
1975 – The Balibo Five, a group of Australian-based television journalists based in the town of Balibo in the then Portuguese Timor (now East Timor), are killed by Indonesian troops.
1975 – Rahima Banu, a two-year-old girl from the village of Kuralia in Bangladesh, is the last known person to be infected with naturally occurring smallpox.
1975 – The Australian Coalition opposition parties using their senate majority, vote to defer the decision to grant supply of funds for the Whitlam Government's annual budget, sparking the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis.
1978 – Karol Wojtyla is elected Pope John Paul II after the October 1978 Papal conclave, the first non-Italian pontiff since 1523.
1978 – Wanda Rutkiewicz is the first Pole and the first European woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest.
1984 – The Bill debuted on ITV, eventually becoming the longest-running police procedural in British television history.
1984 – Desmond Tutu is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
1986 – Reinhold Messner becomes the first person to summit all 14 Eight-thousanders.
1991 – Luby's shooting: George Hennard runs amok in Killeen, Texas, killing 23 and wounding 20 in Luby's Cafeteria.
1993 – Anti-Nazism riot breaks out in Welling in Kent, after police stop protesters approaching the British National Party headquarters.
1995 – The Million Man March occurs in Washington, D.C.
1995 – The Skye Bridge is opened.
1995 – Israel's Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated by Yigal Amir.
1996 – Eighty-four people are killed and more than 180 injured as 47,000 football fans attempt to squeeze into the 36,000-seat Estadio Mateo Flores in Guatemala City.
1998 – Former Chilean dictator General Augusto Pinochet is arrested in London on a warrant from Spain requesting his extradition on murder charges.
2002 – Bibliotheca Alexandrina in the Egyptian city of Alexandria, a commemoration of the Library of Alexandria that was lost in antiquity, is officially inaugurated.
2012 – The extrasolar planet Alpha Centauri Bb is discovered.
2013 – Lao Airlines Flight 301 crashes on approach to Pakse International Airport in Laos, killing 49 people.
2014 – The Belgrade Military Parade, known as Korak pobednika ("Step/March of the Victor"), during the 70th anniversary of the liberation of Belgrade, was the first military parade in the country for 30 years
1996 – Eighty-four people are killed and more than 180 injured as 47,000 football fans attempt to squeeze into the 36,000-seat Estadio Mateo Flores in Guatemala City.
1998 – Former Chilean dictator General Augusto Pinochet is arrested in London on a warrant from Spain requesting his extradition on murder charges.
2002 – Bibliotheca Alexandrina in the Egyptian city of Alexandria, a commemoration of the Library of Alexandria that was lost in antiquity, is officially inaugurated.
2012 – The extrasolar planet Alpha Centauri Bb is discovered.
2013 – Lao Airlines Flight 301 crashes on approach to Pakse International Airport in Laos, killing 49 people.
2014 – The Belgrade Military Parade, known as Korak pobednika ("Step/March of the Victor"), during the 70th anniversary of the liberation of Belgrade, was the first military parade in the country for 30 years
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Commemoration of the Octave of St. Edward.
Contemporary Western
Blessed Thevarparampil Kunjachan
Fortunatus of Casei
Gall
Gerard Majella
Hedwig of Silesia
Magdalene of Nagasaki
Marguerite Marie Alacoque
Marie-Marguerite d'Youville
Silvanus of Ahun
Fortunatus of Casei
Gall
Gerard Majella
Hedwig of Silesia
Magdalene of Nagasaki
Marguerite Marie Alacoque
Marie-Marguerite d'Youville
Silvanus of Ahun
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Hugh Latimer (Anglicanism)
Nicholas Ridley (Anglicanism)
Eastern Orthodox
Martyr Longinus the Centurion who stood at the Cross of the Lord (1st century)
Martyrs Isaurus and Aphrodisius, who suffered with St. Longinus (1st century)
St. Malus the hermit
St. Eupraxia, abbess, before tonsure Princess Euphrosyne of Pskov (1243)
St. Longinus the gate-keeper of the Kiev Caves (13th - 14th centuries)
St. Longinus of Yarenga (Solovki) (1544-45)
St. Gall, Enlightener of Switzerland (c. 646)
St. Sabinus, monk
St. Domna, fool-for-Christ of Tomsk (1872)
Repose of Patriarch Adrian of Moscow (1700)
and Abbot Neonil of Neamts, Romania (1853).
Martyrs Isaurus and Aphrodisius, who suffered with St. Longinus (1st century)
St. Malus the hermit
St. Eupraxia, abbess, before tonsure Princess Euphrosyne of Pskov (1243)
St. Longinus the gate-keeper of the Kiev Caves (13th - 14th centuries)
St. Longinus of Yarenga (Solovki) (1544-45)
St. Gall, Enlightener of Switzerland (c. 646)
St. Sabinus, monk
St. Domna, fool-for-Christ of Tomsk (1872)
Repose of Patriarch Adrian of Moscow (1700)
and Abbot Neonil of Neamts, Romania (1853).
Coptic Orthodox
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