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1066 – Edgar the Ætheling is proclaimed King of England, but is never crowned. Reigned until 10 December 1066.
1211 – Battle of the Rhyndacus: The Latin emperor Henry of Flanders defeats the Nicaean emperor Theodore I Lascaris.
1529 – The Siege of Vienna ends as the Austrians rout the invading Turks, turning the tide against almost a century of unchecked conquest throughout eastern and central Europe by the Ottoman Empire.
1582 – Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian calendar. In Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain, October 4 of this year is followed directly by October 15.
1764 – Edward Gibbon observes a group of friars singing in the ruined Temple of Jupiter in Rome, which inspires him to begin work on The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
1780: A combined force of 1,000 British regulars, Hessians, Loyalists and Indians, led by Loyalist Sir John Johnson and Mohawk Chief Joseph Brant, attempts an unsuccessful attack upon Middleburgh (or Middle Fort), New York.
1783 – The Montgolfier brothers' hot air balloon (tethered) makes the first human ascent, piloted by Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier.
1789 – George Washington takes the first presidential tour in New England.
1793 – Queen Marie-Antoinette of France is tried and convicted in a swift, pre-determined trial in the Palais de Justice, Paris, and condemned to death the following day.
1815 – Napoleon I of France begins his exile on Saint Helena in the Atlantic Ocean.
1863 – American Civil War: The H. L. Hunley, the first submarine to sink a ship, sinks during a test, killing its inventor, Horace L. Hunley.
1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Glasgow is fought, resulting in the surrender of Glasgow, Missouri and its Union garrison, to the Confederacy.
1878 – The Edison Electric Light Company begins operation.
1880 – The warrior Victorio, one of the greatest Apache military strategists of all time, is killed by Mexican soldiers in the Tres Castillos Mountains south of El Paso, Texas.
1888 – The "From Hell" letter sent by Jack the Ripper is received by investigators.
1894 – The Dreyfus affair: Alfred Dreyfus is arrested for spying.
1895 – The cornerstone was laid for the Cheney Normal School (now Eastern Washington University).1904 – The Russian Baltic Fleet leaves Reval, Estonia for Port Arthur during the Russo-Japanese War.
1910 – Airship America is launched from New Jersey in the first attempt to cross the Atlantic by a powered aircraft.
1917 – World War I: At Vincennes outside Paris, Dutch dancer Mata Hari, the archetype of the seductive female spy, is executed for espionage by a French firing squad for spying for the German Empire.
1924 – The Statue of Liberty is declared a national monument by President Calvin Coolidge.
1928 – The airship, Graf Zeppelin completes its first trans-Atlantic flight, landing at Lakehurst, New Jersey, United States.
1932 – Tata Airlines (later to become Air India) makes its first flight.
1934 – The Soviet Republic of China collapses when Chiang Kai-shek's National Revolutionary Army successfully encircles Ruijin, forcing the fleeing Communists to begin the Long March.
1939 – The New York Municipal Airport (later renamed LaGuardia Airport) is dedicated.
1940 – The President of Catalonia, Lluís Companys, is executed by the Spanish dictatorship of Francisco Franco, making him the only European president to have been executed.
1944 – The Arrow Cross Party (very similar to Hitler's NSDAP (Nazi party)) takes power in Hungary.
1945 – World War II: Pierre Laval, the puppet leader of Nazi-occupied Vichy France, is executed by a firing squad for treason against France.
1946: Herman Goering, commander in chief of the Luftwaffe, president of the Reichstag, head of the Gestapo, prime minister of Prussia, chief forester of the Reich, chief liquidator of sequestered estates, supreme head of the National Weather Bureau, and Hitler's designated successor dies by his own hand.
1951 – Mexican chemist Luis E. Miramontes conducts the very last step of the first synthesis of norethisterone, the progestin that would later be used in one of the first three oral contraceptives.
1951 – The first episode of I Love Lucy, the classic American television sitcom starring Lucille Ball, Desi Arnaz, Vivian Vance, and William Frawley, airs on the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS).
1953 – British nuclear test Totem 1 is detonated at Emu Field, South Australia.
1954 – Hurricane Hazel devastates the eastern seaboard, killing 95 and causing massive floods as far north as Toronto. As a Category 4 upon landfall, it is the strongest storm on record to strike as far north as North Carolina.
1956 – Fortran, the first modern computer language, is shared with the coding community for the first time.
1965 – Vietnam War: The Catholic Worker Movement stages an anti-war rally in Manhattan including a public burning of a draft card; the first such act to result in arrest under a new amendment to the Selective Service Act.
1966 – The Black Panther Party is created by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale.
1969 – Vietnam War; The Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam is held in Washington D.C. and across the US. Over two million demonstrate nationally; about 250,000 in Washington D.C.
1970 – Thirty-five construction workers are killed when a section of the new West Gate Bridge in Melbourne collapses.
1970 – The domestic Soviet Aeroflot Flight 244 is hijacked and diverted to Turkey.
1971 – The start of the 2500-year celebration of Iran, celebrating the birth of Persia.
1979 – Black Monday in Malta. The Building of the Times of Malta, the residence of the opposition leader Eddie Fenech Adami and several Nationalist Party clubs are ransacked and destroyed by supporters of the Malta Labour Party.
1987 – The Great Storm of 1987 hits France and England.
1989 – Wayne Gretzky becomes the all-time leading points scorer in the NHL.
1990 – Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to lessen Cold War tensions and open up his nation.
1991: After a bitter confirmation hearing, the U.S. Senate votes 52 to 48 to confirm Clarence Thomas to the U.S. Supreme Court.
1995 – Marco Campos is killed in an accident in a International Formula 3000 race at the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours circuit, making him the only driver ever killed in the International Formula 3000 series.
1997 – The first supersonic land speed record is set by Andy Green in ThrustSSC (United Kingdom), exactly 50 years and one day after Chuck Yeager first broke the sound barrier in the Earth's atmosphere.
1997 – The Cassini probe launches from Cape Canaveral on its way to Saturn.
2001 – NASA's Galileo spacecraft passes within 112 miles of Jupiter's moon Io.
2003 – China launches Shenzhou 5, its first manned space mission.
2003 – The Staten Island Ferry boat Andrew J. Barberi runs into a pier at the St. George Ferry Terminal in Staten Island, killing 11 people and injuring 43.
2005 – A riot in Toledo, Ohio breaks out during a National Socialist/Neo-Nazi protest; over 100 are arrested.
2007 – Seventeen activists in New Zealand are arrested in the country's first post 9/11 anti-terrorism raids.
2006 – Hawaii earthquake: A magnitude 6.7 earthquake rocks Hawaii, causing property damage, injuries, landslides, power outages, and the closure of Honolulu International Airport.
2008 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed down 733.08 points, or 7.87%, the second worst day in the Dow's history based on a percentage drop.
2011 – Global protests break out in 120 cities in 48 countries.
2013 – A 7.2-magnitude earthquake strikes the Philippines, resulting in more than 215 deaths.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Theresa, Virgin. Double.
Commemoration of the Octave of St. Edward.
Commemoration of the Octave of St. Edward.
Contemporary Western
Teresa of Ávila
Thecla of Kitzingen
Thecla of Kitzingen
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
October 15 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Æthelric, Bishop of Durham
Translation of the Relics of Saint Oswald, Archbishop of York
Venerable Barsus the Confessor, bishop of Edessa (378)
St. Euthymius the New of Thessalonica, monk of Mt. Athos (889)
Martyr Lucian of Antioch, presbyter of Greater Antioch (312)
Martyr Symeon, presbyter (1918)
Martyrs Sarbelius and Bebaia (Barbea) of Edessa (ок. 98-117)
St. Sabinus, Bishop of Catania (760)
St. Dionysius, Archbishop of Suzdal (1385)
Hieromartyr Lucian, presbyter of the Kyiv Caves (1243)
St. John, Bishop of Suzdal (1373)
New Hieromartyr Valerian Novitsky, priest, of Telyadovich (1930)
New Hiero-confessor Athanasius (Sakharov), bishop of Kovrov (1962)
Icon of the Mother of God "The Grower of Crops" (19th century)
Æthelric, Bishop of Durham
Translation of the Relics of Saint Oswald, Archbishop of York
Venerable Barsus the Confessor, bishop of Edessa (378)
St. Euthymius the New of Thessalonica, monk of Mt. Athos (889)
Martyr Lucian of Antioch, presbyter of Greater Antioch (312)
Martyr Symeon, presbyter (1918)
Martyrs Sarbelius and Bebaia (Barbea) of Edessa (ок. 98-117)
St. Sabinus, Bishop of Catania (760)
St. Dionysius, Archbishop of Suzdal (1385)
Hieromartyr Lucian, presbyter of the Kyiv Caves (1243)
St. John, Bishop of Suzdal (1373)
New Hieromartyr Valerian Novitsky, priest, of Telyadovich (1930)
New Hiero-confessor Athanasius (Sakharov), bishop of Kovrov (1962)
Icon of the Mother of God "The Grower of Crops" (19th century)
Coptic Orthodox
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