484 BC – Dedication of the Temple of Castor and Pollux in ancient Rome.
756 – An Lushan Rebellion: Emperor Xuanzong of Tang is ordered by his Imperial Guards to execute chancellor Yang Guozhong by forcing him to commit suicide or face a mutiny. He permits his consort Yang Guifei to be strangled by his chief eunuch. General An Lushan has other members of the emperor's family killed.
1099 – First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final assault of a difficult siege.
1149 – The reconstructed Church of the Holy Sepulchre is consecrated in Jerusalem.
1207 – King John of England expels Canterbury monks for supporting Archbishop Stephen Langton.
1240 – Swedish–Novgorodian Wars: A Novgorodian army led by Alexander Nevsky defeats the Swedes in the Battle of the Neva.
1381 – John Ball, a leader in the Peasants' Revolt, is hanged, drawn and quartered in the presence of King Richard II of England.
1410 – Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War: Battle of Grunwald – the allied forces of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the army of the Teutonic Order.
1482 – Muhammad XII is crowned the twenty-second and last Nasrid king of Granada.
1685 – Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth is executed at Tower Hill, England after his defeat at the Battle of Sedgemoor on 6 July 1685.
1741 – Aleksei Chirikov sights land in Southeast Alaska. He sends men ashore in a longboat, making them the first Europeans to visit Alaska.
1789 – Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, is named by acclamation Colonel General of the new National Guard of Paris.
1799 – The Rosetta Stone, which helped decipher ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics, is found in the Egyptian village of Rosetta by French Captain Pierre-François Bouchard during Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign.
1806 – Pike expedition: United States Army Lieutenant Zebulon Pike begins an expedition from Fort Bellefontaine near St. Louis, Missouri, to explore the American Southwest.
1815 – Napoleon Bonaparte o Royal Navy captain Frederick Lewis Maitland while board HMS Bellerophon, bringing the Napoleonic Wars to an end.
1823 – A fire destroys the ancient Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome, Italy.
1834 – The Spanish Inquisition is officially disbanded after nearly 356 years.
1838 – Ralph Waldo Emerson delivers the Divinity School Address at Harvard Divinity School, discounting Biblical miracles and declaring Jesus a great man, but not God. The Protestant community reacts with outrage.
1862 – The Confederate ironclad CSS Arkansas, one of the deadliest ironclads of the entire war, did battle with the ships of Union Admiral David Farragut on the Mississippi River.
1870 – Reconstruction Era of the United States: Georgia becomes the last of the former Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union.
1870 – Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory are transferred to Canada from the Hudson's Bay Company, and the province of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories are established from these vast territories.
1888 – The stratovolcano Mount Bandai erupts killing approximately 500 people, in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.
1910 – In his book Clinical Psychiatry, Emil Kraepelin gives a name to Alzheimer's disease, naming it after his colleague Alois Alzheimer.
1912 – The U.S. Olympic team, led by all-round athlete Jim Thorpe, took more medals than any other country at the Summer Games in Stockholm, Sweden.
1916 – In Seattle, Washington, William Boeing and George Conrad Westervelt incorporate Pacific Aero Products (later renamed Boeing).
1918 – World War I: The Second Battle of the Marne begins near the River Marne with a German attack.
1920 – The Polish Parliament establishes Silesian Voivodeship before the Polish-German plebiscite.
1922 – Japanese Communist Party is established in Japan.
1927 – Massacre of July 15, 1927: Eighty-nine protesters are killed by the Austrian police in Vienna.
1932 – Herbert Hoover, America’s 31st President, cuts his own salary 15%.
1945 – Italy declares war on Japan, its former Axis partner.
1954 – First flight of the Boeing 367-80, prototype for both the Boeing 707 and C-135 series.
1955 – Eighteen Nobel laureates sign the Mainau Declaration against nuclear weapons, later co-signed by thirty-four others.
1959 – The steel strike of 1959 begins, leading to significant importation of foreign steel for the first time in United States history.
1965 – The unmanned spacecraft Mariner 4 passes over Mars at an altitude of 6,000 feet and sends the first close-up images of the planet to Earth.
1966 – Vietnam War: The United States and South Vietnam begin Operation Hastings to push the North Vietnamese out of the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone.
1968 – A Soviet Aeroflot jetliner lands at New York's JFK Airport, marking the beginning of direct commercial flights between the United States and the Soviet Union.
1971 – The United Red Army is founded in Japan.
1971 – U.S. President Richard Nixon discloses plans to make an unprecedented visit to the People's Republic of China. He made the historic trip in February 1972.
1974 – In Nicosia, Cyprus, Greek Junta-sponsored nationalists launch a coup d'état, deposing President Makarios and installing Nikos Sampson as Cypriot president.
1975 – Space Race: Apollo–Soyuz Test Project features the dual launch of an Apollo spacecraft and a Soyuz spacecraft on the first joint Soviet-United States human-crewed flight. It was both the last launch of an Apollo spacecraft, and the Saturn family of rockets.
1979 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter gives his so-called malaise speech, where he characterizes the greatest threat to the country as "this crisis in the growing doubt about the meaning of our own lives and in the loss of a unity of purpose for our nation" but in which he never uses the word malaise.
1980 – A massive storm tears through western Wisconsin, causing US$160 million in damage.
1983 – Orly Airport attack is launched by Armenian militant organisation ASALA at the Paris-Orly Airport in Paris; it leaves 8 people dead and 55 injured.
1986 – Britain and the Soviet Union settles accounts on $75 million in bonds that were issued under Russia's czars and defaulted on after the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. The settlement ends a 60-year financial dispute.
1988 – The iconic film "Die Hard" starring Bruce Willis and Alan Rickman is released in the United States.
1992 – Arkansas Gov. Bill Clinton is nominated as the Democratic Party's candidate for president.
1996 – A Belgian Air Force C-130 Hercules carrying the Royal Netherlands Army marching band crashes on landing at Eindhoven Airport.
1997 – Italian fashion designer Gianni Versace is shot to death in front of his Miami mansion. The prime suspect is Andrew Cunanan, already wanted in four other slayings. He is found dead a week later, an apparent suicide.
1998 – Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Tamil MP S. Shanmuganathan is killed by a claymore mine.
2002 – "American Taliban" John Walker Lindh, a 21-year-old American captured by the U.S. military in Afghanistan while with Taliban forces, admits he had fought as a soldier with them and pleads guilty to supplying aid to the enemy and to possession of explosives during the commission of a felony. After cooperating in the investigation of the terrorist network, he was sentenced to 20 years in prison.
2002 – Anti-Terrorism Court of Pakistan hands down the death sentence to British born Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh and life terms to three others suspected of murdering The Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl.
2003 – AOL Time Warner disbands Netscape. The Mozilla Foundation is established on the same day.
2006 – Twitter is launched, becoming one of the largest social media platforms in the world.
2007 – The Los Angeles Roman Catholic Archdiocese agreed to a $600 million settlement with 508 people who said they had been sexually abused by members of the clergy.
2009 – Caspian Airlines Flight 7908 crashed shortly after takeoff from Tehran bound for Armenia. Officials said 168 people were killed.
2010 – BP, the London energy company, announced it had capped its crippled underwater well that sent millions of barrels of crude gushing into the Gulf of Mexico over the previous three months after an offshore drilling rig explosion and fire killed 11 workers and unleashed an unchecked torrent from the depths.
2012 – U.S. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack said the drought affecting 61 percent of the country should have only a "marginal impact on food prices."
2013 – A bill permitting same-sex marriages was passed by Britain's House of Lords and would soon become law.
2014 – A suicide car bomber killed at least 89 people and injured dozens of others at a market in eastern Afghanistan's Paktika province.
2014 – A train derails on the Moscow Metro, killing at least 24 and injuring more than 160 others.
2016 – Factions of the Turkish Armed Forces attempt a coup.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Contemporary Western
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Great Prince Vladimir I of Kiev,
Enlightener of the Russian Land (1015)
Martyr Quiricus and Julietta (305)
Martyr Abudimus of the isle of Tenedos (4th century)
Martyr Lolianus
Enlightener of the Russian Land (1015)
Martyr Quiricus and Julietta (305)
Martyr Abudimus of the isle of Tenedos (4th century)
Martyr Lolianus
Other commemorations
Finding of the head of Saint Matrona of Chios
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