756 – An Lushan Rebellion: Emperor Xuanzong flees the capital Chang'an as An Lushan's forces advance toward the city.
1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II of France.
1420 – Battle of Vitkov Hill, decisive victory of Chech Hussite forces commanded by Jan Žižka against Crusade army led by Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor.
1769 – An expedition led by Gaspar de Portolà establishes a base in California and sets out to find the Port of Monterey (now Monterey, California).
1771 – Foundation of the Mission San Antonio de Padua in modern California by the Franciscan friar Junípero Serra.
1789 – French Revolution: French peasants stormed the Bastille prison in Paris, beginning the French Revolution. The event is commemorated as "Bastille Day," a national holiday in France.
1789 – Alexander Mackenzie finally completes his journey to the mouth of the great river he hoped would take him to the Pacific, but which turns out to flow into the Arctic Ocean. Later named after him, the Mackenzie is the second-longest river system in North America.
1790 – French Revolution: Citizens of Paris celebrate the unity of the French people and the national reconciliation in the Fête de la Fédération.
1791 – The Priestley Riots drive Joseph Priestley, a supporter of the French Revolution, out of Birmingham, England.
1793, Jean Paul Marat, one of the most outspoken leaders of the French Revolution, was stabbed to death in his bath by Charlotte Corday, a Royalist sympathizer.
1798 – The Sedition Act becomes law in the United States making it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the United States government.
1853 – Opening of the first major US world's fair, the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in New York City.
1865 – First ascent of the Matterhorn by Edward Whymper and party, four of whom die on the descent.
1870 – Congress grants Mary Todd Lincoln a lifelong pension of $3,000 a year.
1874 – The Chicago Fire of 1874 burns down 47 acres of the city, destroying 812 buildings, killing 20, and resulting in the fire insurance industry demanding municipal reforms from Chicago's city council.
1877 – The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 begins in Martinsburg, West Virginia, US, when Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers have their wages cut for the second time in a year.
1881 – Billy the Kid is shot and killed by Pat Garrett at a place called Maxwell’s Ranch near Fort Sumner, New Mexico.
1900 – Armies of the Eight-Nation Alliance capture Tientsin during the Boxer Rebellion.
1902 – The Campanile in St. Mark's Square, Venice collapses, also demolishing the loggetta.
1911 – Harry Atwood, an exhibition pilot for the Wright Brothers lands his airplane at the South Lawn of the White House. He is later awarded a Gold medal from U.S. President William Howard Taft for this feat.
1914, Robert Goddard, father of the space age, was granted the first patent for a liquid-fueled rocket design.
1915 – The McMahon–Hussein Correspondence between Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca and the British oficial Henry McMahon concerning thee Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire begins.
1916 – Start of the Battle of Delville Wood as an action within the Battle of the Somme, which was to last until 3 September 1916.
1928 – New Vietnam Revolutionary Party is founded in Huế amid providing some of the communist party's most important leaders in its early years.
1933 – Gleichschaltung: In Germany, all political parties are outlawed except the Nazi Party.
1933 – The Nazi eugenics begins with the proclamation of the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring that calls for the compulsory sterilization of any citizen who suffers from alleged genetic disorders.
1943 – In Diamond, Missouri, the George Washington Carver National Monument becomes the first United States National Monument in honor of an African American.
1945 – The Battleship USS South Dakota is the first U.S. ship to bombard Japan.
1948 – Palmiro Togliatti, leader of the Italian Communist Party, is shot and wounded near the Italian Parliament.
1950 – Korean War: North Korean troops initiate the Battle of Taejon.
1957 – Rawya Ateya takes her seat in the National Assembly of Egypt, thereby becoming the first female parliamentarian in the Arab world.
1958 – Iraqi Revolution: In Iraq the monarchy is overthrown by popular forces led by Abdul Karim Kassem, who becomes the nation's new leader.
1960 – Jane Goodall arrives at the Gombe Stream Reserve in present-day Tanzania to begin her famous study of chimpanzees in the wild.
1965 – The Mariner 4 flyby of Mars takes the first close-up photos of another planet.
1966 – Eight student nurses were found killed in Chicago. Drifter Richard Speck, later convicted of the slayings, died in prison in 1991.
1969 – Football War: After Honduras loses a soccer match against El Salvador, riots break out in Honduras against Salvadoran migrant workers.
1969 – The United States $500, $1,000, $5,000 and $10,000 bills are officially withdrawn from circulation.
1976 – Capital punishment is abolished in Canada.
1976 – At the Democratic Convention in NYC former Georgia governor Jimmy Carter is nominated for president and US Senator Walter Mondale, from Minnesota, for vice president.
1987 – Montreal, Canada, is hit by a series of thunderstorms causing the Montreal Flood of 1987.
1992 – 386BSD is released by Lynne Jolitz and William Jolitz beginning the Open Source Operating System Revolution. Linus Torvalds releases his Linux soon afterwards.
2000 – A powerful solar flare, later named the Bastille Day event, causes a geomagnetic storm on Earth.
2002 – French President Jacques Chirac escapes an assassination attempt unscathed during Bastille Day celebrations.
2003 – In an effort to discredit U.S. Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson, who had written an article critical of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Washington Post columnist Robert Novak reveals that Wilson's wife Valerie Plame is a CIA "operative".
2007 – Russian President Vladimir Putin announced that his country would suspend its participation in the Conventional Forces in Europe treaty, a Cold War agreement that limited deployment of heavy weaponry.
2009 – Within months after repaying bailout money supplied by the U.S. government, New York banking giant Goldman Sachs reported a profit of $3.44 billion for the first quarter of the year. JP Morgan Chase, Bank of America and Citigroup also reported big profits.
2012 – A man posing as a guest at a wedding party in Afghanistan detonated a suicide bomb, killing 23 people, including a political leader who was the father of the bride, and wounding many others.
2013 – Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, speaking out against Iran's nuclear program, called the country's new president, Hassan Rouhani, "a wolf in sheep's clothing." He said Rouhani would "smile and build a bomb."
2014 – The Church of England's governing body voted to allow women to become bishops for first time in the church's history.
2015 – NASA's New Horizons space probe came within 7,800 miles of Pluto, providing NASA scientists with the clearest photographs and most detailed measurements they've ever seen of the dwarf planet.
2015 – P5+1 and Iran agree on final provisions of Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action in regards to the latter's nuclear program.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
St. Bonaventure, Cardinal Bishop of Albano, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church. Double.
Contemporary Western
Camillus de Lellis (Roman Catholic Church, except U.S.A.)
Francis Solanus
Idus of Leinster
Kateri Tekakwitha (U.S.A.)
Libert of Saint-Trond
Ulrich of Zell
Francis Solanus
Idus of Leinster
Kateri Tekakwitha (U.S.A.)
Libert of Saint-Trond
Ulrich of Zell
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Aquila of the Seventy Apostles
Repose of Venerable Nicodemus the Hagiorite
Saint Ellius of Egypt (4th century)
Saint Onesimus of Magnesia, monk (4th century)
Saint Stephen of Makhrishche in Vologda, abbot (1406)
Martyr Justus at Rome (1st century)
Saint Marcelinus of the Netherlands, priest
Martyr Aquila
Martyr Hilary
Martyr Peter the New
Martyr Heraclius
Saint Joseph of Thessalonica, archbishop
Repose of Venerable Nicodemus the Hagiorite
Saint Ellius of Egypt (4th century)
Saint Onesimus of Magnesia, monk (4th century)
Saint Stephen of Makhrishche in Vologda, abbot (1406)
Martyr Justus at Rome (1st century)
Saint Marcelinus of the Netherlands, priest
Martyr Aquila
Martyr Hilary
Martyr Peter the New
Martyr Heraclius
Saint Joseph of Thessalonica, archbishop
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