____________
New Year's Day
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Events
153 BC – Roman consuls begin their year in office.
45 BC – New Year's Day is celebrated on January 1 for the first time in history as the Julian calendar takes effect as the civil calendar of the Roman Empire, establishing January 1 as the new date of the new year.
42 BC – The Roman Senate posthumously deifies Julius Caesar
69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor.
193 – The Senate chooses Pertinax against his will to succeed Commodus as Roman emperor.
404 – An infuriated Roman mob tears Telemachus, a Christian monk, to pieces for trying to stop a gladiators' fight in the public arena held in Rome.
414 – Galla Placidia, half-sister of Emperor Honorius, is married to the Visigothic king Ataulf at Narbonne. The wedding is celebrated with Roman festivities and magnificent gifts from the Gothic booty.
417 – Emperor Honorius forces Galla Placidia into marriage to Constantius, his famous general (magister militum).
1001 – Grand Prince Stephen I of Hungary is named the first King of Hungary by Pope Sylvester II.
1068 – Romanos IV Diogenes marries Eudokia Makrembolitissa and is crowned Byzantine Emperor.
1259 – Michael VIII Palaiologos is proclaimed co-emperor of the Empire of Nicaea with his ward John IV Laskaris.
1438 – Albert II of Habsburg is crowned King of Hungary.
1502 – The present-day location of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil is first explored by the Portuguese.
1515 – King Francis I of France succeeds to the French throne.
1527 – Croatian nobles elect Ferdinand I of Austria as King of Croatia in the Parliament on Cetin.
1600 – Scotland begins its numbered year on January 1 instead of March 25.
1651 – Charles II is crowned King of Scotland.
1673 – Regular mail delivery begins between New York and Boston.
1700 – Russia begins using the Anno Domini era and no longer uses the Anno Mundi era of the Byzantine Empire.
1707 – John V is crowned King of Portugal.
1739 – Bouvet Island is discovered by French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier.
1772 – The first traveler's cheques, which can be used in 90 European cities, go on sale in London, England.
1773 – The hymn that became known as "Amazing Grace", then titled "1 Chronicles 17:16–17" is first used to accompany a sermon led by John Newton in the town of Olney, England.
1776 – General George Washington raises the Continental Union Flag.
1776 – American Revolutionary War: Norfolk, Virginia is burned by combined Royal Navy and Continental Army action.
1781 – American Revolutionary War: Pennsylvania Line Mutiny: One thousand five hundred American Continental soldiers from the Pennsylvania Line, all 11 regiments under General Anthony Wayne's command revolted, killing three officers, insisting that their three-year enlistments were expired, abandon the Continental Army's winter camp at Morristown, New Jersey.
1788 – First edition of The Times of London, previously The Daily Universal Register, is published.
1800 – The Dutch East India Company is dissolved.
1801 – The legislative union of Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland is completed to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
1801 – The dwarf planet Ceres is discovered by Giuseppe Piazzi.
1803 – Emperor Gia Long orders all bronze wares of the Tây Sơn dynasty to be collected and melted into nine cannons for the Royal Citadel in Huế, Vietnam.
1804 – French rule ends in Haiti. Two months after his defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte's colonial forces, Jean-Jacques Dessalines proclaims the independence of Saint-Domingue, renaming it Haiti after its original Arawak name. Haiti becomes the first black republic and second independent country in North America after the United States.
1806 – The French Republican Calendar is abolished.
1808 – The importation of slaves into the United States is banned.
1810 – Major-General Lachlan Macquarie officially becomes Governor of New South Wales.
1812 – The Bishop of Durham, Shute Barrington, orders troops from Durham Castle to break up a miners' strike in Chester-le-Street, Co. Durham.
1822 – The Greek Constitution of 1822 is adopted by the First National Assembly at Epidaurus.
1833 – The United Kingdom claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands.
1845 – The Cobble Hill Tunnel in Brooklyn, New York City is completed.
1847 – The world's first "Mercy" Hospital is founded in Pittsburgh by the Sisters of Mercy; the name will go on to grace over 30 major hospitals throughout the world.
1860 – First Polish stamp is issued.
1861 – Porfirio Díaz conquers Mexico City, Mexico.
1863 – American Civil War: President Abraham Lincoln signs the final Emancipation Proclamation, which ends slavery in the rebelling states. A preliminary proclamation had been issued in September 1862, following the Union victory at the Battle of Antietam in Maryland. The act signaled an important shift in the Union's Civil War aims, expanding the goal of the war from reunification to include the eradication of slavery.
1863 – A farmer named Daniel Freeman submits the first claim under the new Homestead Act for a property near Beatrice, Nebraska.
1870 – Adolf Loos, architect, co-founder of modern architecture, baptized in St. Thomas church, Brno, Moravia.
1873 – Japan begins using the Gregorian calendar.
1876: In honor of the American centennial, the first area-wide New Year's Day Mummers' Parade is held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1877 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom is proclaimed Empress of India.
1880 – Ferdinand de Lesseps begins French construction of the Panama Canal.
1885 – Twenty-five nations adopt Sandford Fleming's proposal for standard time.
1890 – Eritrea is consolidated into a colony by the Italian government.
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| 1908 - Tournament of Roses Chariot Race |
1892 – Ellis Island opens to begin processing immigrants into the United States.
1894 – The Manchester Ship Canal is officially opened to traffic.
1898 – New York, New York annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York. The four initial boroughs, Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, and The Bronx, are joined on January 25 by Staten Island to create the modern city of five boroughs.
1899 – Spanish rule ends in Cuba.
1901 – Nigeria becomes a British protectorate.
1901 – The British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and Western Australia federate as the Commonwealth of Australia; Edmund Barton is appointed the first Prime Minister.
1902 – The first American college football bowl game, the Rose Bowl between Michigan and Stanford, is held in Pasadena, California.
1906 – British India officially adopts Indian Standard Time.
1908 – For the first time, a ball is dropped in New York City's Times Square to signify the start of the New Year at midnight.
1909 – Drilling begins on the Lakeview Gusher.
1910 – Captain David Beatty is promoted to Rear admiral, and becomes the youngest admiral in the Royal Navy (except for Royal family members), since Horatio Nelson.
1911 – Northern Territory is separated from South Australia and transferred to Commonwealth control.
1912 – The Republic of China is established.
1913 – The British Board of Censors is established.
1915: Audiences filed into the Loring Opera House at 3745 7th Street in Riverside, California, for a special sneak preview of D.W. Griffith’s first full-length feature film, The Clansman. Later renamed The Birth of a Nation, the controversial Civil War epic would become Hollywood’s first blockbuster hit.
1915: The 15,000-ton British HMS class battleship Formidable was torpedoed by the German submarine U-24 and sank in the English Channel, killing 547 men. The Formidable was part of the 5th Battle Squadron unit serving with the Channel Fleet. The Formidable and the seven other battleships of the 5th Battle Squadron were under the command of Admiral Lewis Bayly, and were in the channel for firing practice on New Year's Eve.
1916 – German troops abandon Yaoundé and their Kamerun colony to British forces and begin the long march to Spanish Guinea.
1919: Edsel Ford, the son of Model T inventor and auto industry pioneer Henry Ford, succeeded his father as president of the Ford Motor Company. The younger Ford ascended to the top spot after his father resigned the position in December 1918, following a disagreement with stockholders. However, father and son soon managed to purchase these dissenting investors' stock and regain control of the company.
1920 – The Belorussian Communist Organisation is founded as a separate party.
1923 – Britain's Railways are grouped into the Big Four: LNER, GWR, SR, and LMS.
1927 – The Cristero War begins in Mexico.
1927 – Turkey adopts the Gregorian calendar: December 18, 1926 (Julian), is immediately followed by January 1, 1927 (Gregorian).
1928 – Boris Bazhanov defects through Iran. He is the only assistant of Joseph Stalin's secretariat to have defected from the Eastern Bloc.
1929 – The former municipalities of Point Grey, British Columbia and South Vancouver, British Columbia are amalgamated into Vancouver.
1932 – The United States Post Office Department issues a set of 12 stamps commemorating the 200th anniversary of George Washington's birth.
1934 – Alcatraz Island becomes a United States federal prison.
1934 – Nazi Germany passes the "Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring".
1937 – Safety glass in vehicle windscreens becomes mandatory in the United Kingdom.
1939 – Sydney, Australia, swelters in 45 ˚C (113 ˚F) heat, a record for the city.
1942 – President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill issue the Declaration by the United Nations. It is signed by representatives of 26 countries, called the United Nations. The signatories of the declaration vow to create an international postwar peacekeeping organization.
1945 – World War II: In retaliation for the Malmedy massacre, U.S. troops massacre 30 SS prisoners at Chenogne.
1945 – World War II: The German Luftwaffe launches Operation Bodenplatte, a massive, but failed attempt to knock out Allied air power in northern Europe in a single blow.
1946: On the island of Corregidor, located at the mouth of Manila Bay, a lone soldier on detail for the American Graves Registration was busy recording the makeshift graves of American soldiers who had lost their lives fighting the Japanese. He was interrupted when approximately 20 Japanese soldiers approached him waving a white flag. They had been living in an underground tunnel built during the war and learned that their country had already surrendered when one of them ventured out in search of water and found a newspaper announcing Japan's defeat.
1947 – The American and British occupation zones in Germany, after World War II, merge to form the Bizone, which later (with the French zone) became part of West Germany.
1947 – The Canadian Citizenship Act 1946 comes into effect, converting British subjects into Canadian citizens. Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King becomes the first Canadian citizen.
1948 – The British railway network is nationalized to form British Railways.
1948 – The Constitution of Italy comes into force.
1949 – United Nations cease-fire takes effect in Kashmir from one minute before midnight. War between India and Pakistan stops accordingly.
1949 –Tokelau becomes part of New Zealand.
1950 – Standard practice uses this day as the origin of the age scale Before Present.
1954 – NBC makes the first coast-to-coast NTSC color broadcast when it telecast the Tournament of Roses Parade, with public demonstrations given across the United States on prototype color receivers.
1956 – Sudan achieves independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom.
1956 – A new year event causes panic and stampedes at Yahiko Shrine, Yahiko, Niigata, Japan, killing at least 124 people.
1957 – George Town, Penang becomes a city by a royal charter granted by Elizabeth II.
1957 – An Irish Republican Army (IRA) unit attacks Brookeborough RUC barracks during Operation Harvest; two IRA volunteers killed.
1958 – The European Economic Community is established.
1959 – In the face of a popular revolution spearheaded by Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement, Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista is overthrown and flees the island nation.
1960 – Cameroon achieves independence from France and the United Kingdom.
1962 – Western Samoa achieves independence from New Zealand; its name is changed to the Independent State of Western Samoa.
1962 – United States Navy SEALs established.
1964 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is divided into the independent republics of Zambia and Malawi, and the British-controlled Rhodesia.
1965 – The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan is founded in Kabul, Afghanistan.
1966 – A twelve-day New York City transit strike begins.
1966 – After a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa assumes power as president of the Central African Republic.
1966: Advance elements of the 1st Regiment of the Marine 1st Division arrive in Vietnam. The entire division followed by the end of March.
1967: Operation Sam Houston began as a continuation of border surveillance operations in Pleiku and Kontum Provinces in the Central Highlands by units from the U.S. 4th and 25th Infantry Divisions. The purpose of the operation was to interdict the movement of North Vietnamese troops and equipment into South Vietnam from communist sanctuaries in Cambodia and Laos. The operation ended on April 5. A total of 169 U.S. soldiers were killed in action; 733 enemy casualties were reported.
1970 – Unix time begins at 00:00:00 UTC/GMT.
1971 – Cigarette advertisements are banned on American television.
1971 – Hellenic Railways Organisation, the Greek national railway company, is founded.
1973 – Denmark, the United Kingdom, and Ireland are admitted into the European Economic Community.
1977 – Charter 77 published its first document.
1978 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747, crashes into the sea just after takeoff from a Bombay airport due to instrument failure and pilot disorientation, killing all 213 people on board.
1978 – The Constitution of the Northern Mariana Islands becomes effective.
1979 – Formal diplomatic relations are established between China and the United States.
1980 – Victoria is crowned princess of Sweden.
1981 – Greece is admitted into the European Community.
1982 – Peruvian Javier Pérez de Cuéllar becomes the first Latin American to hold the title of Secretary-General of the United Nations.
1983 – The ARPANET officially changes to using the Internet Protocol, creating the Internet.
1984 – The original American Telephone & Telegraph Company is divested of its 22 Bell System companies as a result of the settlement of the 1974 United States Department of Justice antitrust suit against AT&T.
1984 – Brunei becomes independent of the United Kingdom.
1985 – The first British mobile phone call is made by Michael Harrison to his father Sir Ernest Harrison, chairman of Vodafone.
1985 – The Internet's Domain Name System is created.
1986 – Aruba becomes independent of Curaçao, though it remains in free association with the Netherlands.
1986 – Spain and Portugal are admitted into the European Community.
1987 – A value-added tax is introduced in Greece for the first time.
1988 – The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America comes into existence, creating the largest Lutheran denomination in the United States.
1989 – The Montreal Protocol comes into force, stopping the use of chemicals contributing to ozone depletion.
1990 – David Dinkins is sworn in as New York City's first black mayor.
1992 – The Russian Federation is formally established.
1993 – Dissolution of Czechoslovakia: Czechoslovakia is divided into Slovakia and the Czech Republic.
1993 – A single market within the European Community is introduced.
1994 – The Zapatista Army of National Liberation initiates twelve days of armed conflict in the Mexican state of Chiapas.
1994 – The North American Free Trade Agreement comes into effect.
1995 – The World Trade Organization goes into effect.
1995 – Sweden, Austria, and Finland are admitted into the European Union.
1995 – The Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe becomes the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
1995 – The Draupner wave in the North Sea in Norway is detected, confirming the existence of freak waves.
1996 – Curaçao gains limited self-government, though it remains within free association with the Netherlands.
1997 – Zaire officially joins the World Trade Organization.
1997 – Ghanaian diplomat Kofi Annan is appointed Secretary-General of the United Nations.
1998 – Russia begins to circulate new rubles to stem inflation and promote confidence.
1998 – The European Central Bank is established.
1999 – The Euro currency is introduced in 11 countries - members of the European Union (with the exception of the United Kingdom, Denmark, Greece and Sweden).
2002 – Euro banknotes and coins become legal tender in twelve of the European Union's member states.
2002 – Taiwan officially joins the World Trade Organization, as Chinese Taipei.
2002 – The Open Skies mutual surveillance treaty, initially signed in 1992, officially comes into force.
2004 – In a vote of confidence, General Pervez Musharraf wins 658 out of 1,170 votes in the Electoral College of Pakistan, and according to Article 41(8) of the Constitution of Pakistan, is "deemed to be elected" to the office of President until October 2007.
2007 – Bulgaria and Romania officially join the European Union. Slovenia joins Eurozone.
2007 – Adam Air Flight 574 disappears over Indonesia with 102 people on board.
2008 – Cyprus and Malta join the Eurozone.
2009 – Sixty-six people die in a nightclub fire in Bangkok, Thailand.
2009 – Slovakia joins the Eurozone.
2010 – A suicide car bomber detonates at a volleyball tournament in Lakki Marwat, Pakistan, killing 105 and injuring 100 more.
2011 – A bomb explodes as Coptic Christians in Alexandria, Egypt, leave a new year service, killing 23 people.
2011 – The Kallikratis plan becomes the new administrative system of Greece.
2011 – Estonia becomes the 17th member of the Eurozone.
2012 – A Moldovan civilian is fatally wounded by a Russian peacekeeper in the Transnistrian security zone, leading to demonstrations against Russia.
2013 – At least 60 people are killed and 200 injured in a stampede after celebrations at Félix Houphouët-Boigny Stadium in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
2014 – Latvia becomes the 18th member of the Eurozone.
2014 – Asteroid 2014 AA impacts the Earth over the Atlantic Ocean.
2015 – The Eurasian Economic Union comes into effect, creating a political and economic union between Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
2015 – Lithuania becomes the 19th member of the Eurozone.
2016 – The Address Downtown Dubai burns over midnight as the New Year is rung in. The blaze started on the night of New Year's Eve 2015, by currently unknown causes. There was one fatality.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Circumcision of our Lord. Double of the Second Class.
Contemporary Western
Adalard of Corbie
Feast of the Circumcision of Christ
Fulgentius of Ruspe
Giuseppe Maria Tomasi
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God, the Octave Day of Christmas,
considered a holy day of obligation in some countries (Catholic Church);
and its related observances: World Day of Peace
Telemachus
Zygmunt Gorazdowski
Feast of the Circumcision of Christ
Fulgentius of Ruspe
Giuseppe Maria Tomasi
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God, the Octave Day of Christmas,
considered a holy day of obligation in some countries (Catholic Church);
and its related observances: World Day of Peace
Telemachus
Zygmunt Gorazdowski
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus (Anglican, Lutheran Church)
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Martyr Theodotus, by the sword
Martyr Basil of Ancyra (362)
Saint Gregory of Nazianzus the Elder, bishop and father of Saint Gregory
the Theologian (374)
Saint Emilia, (mother of Sts. Macrina, Basil the Great, Naucratius,
Peter of Sebaste, and Gregory of Nyssa) (375)
Saint Basil the Great, Archbishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia (379)
Saint Theodosius of Tryglia, abbot
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Hieromartyr Concordius of Spoleto (c. 175)
Thirty soldier-martyrs in Rome, under Diocletian (c. 304)
Saint Telemachus (Almachius), hermit who came to Rome from the East
and publicly protested against Pagan rites on New Year's Day, killed
by gladiators in the Roman amphitheatre (391 or 404)
Saint Basil, Bishop of Aix en Provence (c. 475)
Saint Eugendus, fourth Abbot of Condat Abbey in the Jura Mountains (510)
Saint Fanchea of Killeany (Fanchea of Rossory), sister of St Enda of Aran (c. 520)
Saint Fulgentius of Ruspe, Bishop of Ruspe in North Africa (533)
Saint Justin of Chieti, bishop of Chieti, Italy (c. 540)
Saint Felix of Bourges, Bishop of Bourges (c. 580)
Saint Connat (Comnatan), Abbess of Kildare Abbey in Ireland (c. 590)
Saint Maelrhys, a saint on Bardsey Island in Wales (6th century)
Saint Clarus, Abbot of St. Marcellus Monastery in Vienne, Gaul (c. 660)
Saint Cúan (Mochua, Moncan), Irish abbot, founder of many churches
and monasteries in Ireland, lived to nearly 100 (752)
Saint Peter of Atroa, Abbot, opponent of iconoclasm
(Peter the Standard-Bearer) (837)
Saint William of Dijon (William of Volpiano),
Italian monastic reformer and architect (1031)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Peter Mogila, Metropolitan of Kyiv, Halych and all Rus’,
Archimandrite of the Kyivan Caves Lavra (1646)
New Martyr Peter of Tripolis in the Peloponnesus,
at Temisi in Asia Minor (1776)
Saint Athanasius (Volkhovsky), Bishop of Mohyliv,
Wonderworker of Poltava (1801)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Jeremiah Leonov (1918)
New Hieromartyrs Platon (Kulbush), Bishop of Tallinn (Reval), Estonia, and with
him protopresbyters Michael (Blaive) and Nicholas (Bezhanitsky) (1919)
New Hieromartyrs Alexander (Trapitsyn), Archbishop of Samara;
with him, priests: John (Smirnov), Alexander (Ivanov), Alexander (Organov), John (Suldin), Trophimus (Miachin), Viacheslav Infantov, Basil Vitevsky, and Jacob Alferov (1938)
Martyr Theodotus, by the sword
Martyr Basil of Ancyra (362)
Saint Gregory of Nazianzus the Elder, bishop and father of Saint Gregory
the Theologian (374)
Saint Emilia, (mother of Sts. Macrina, Basil the Great, Naucratius,
Peter of Sebaste, and Gregory of Nyssa) (375)
Saint Basil the Great, Archbishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia (379)
Saint Theodosius of Tryglia, abbot
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Hieromartyr Concordius of Spoleto (c. 175)
Thirty soldier-martyrs in Rome, under Diocletian (c. 304)
Saint Telemachus (Almachius), hermit who came to Rome from the East
and publicly protested against Pagan rites on New Year's Day, killed
by gladiators in the Roman amphitheatre (391 or 404)
Saint Basil, Bishop of Aix en Provence (c. 475)
Saint Eugendus, fourth Abbot of Condat Abbey in the Jura Mountains (510)
Saint Fanchea of Killeany (Fanchea of Rossory), sister of St Enda of Aran (c. 520)
Saint Fulgentius of Ruspe, Bishop of Ruspe in North Africa (533)
Saint Justin of Chieti, bishop of Chieti, Italy (c. 540)
Saint Felix of Bourges, Bishop of Bourges (c. 580)
Saint Connat (Comnatan), Abbess of Kildare Abbey in Ireland (c. 590)
Saint Maelrhys, a saint on Bardsey Island in Wales (6th century)
Saint Clarus, Abbot of St. Marcellus Monastery in Vienne, Gaul (c. 660)
Saint Cúan (Mochua, Moncan), Irish abbot, founder of many churches
and monasteries in Ireland, lived to nearly 100 (752)
Saint Peter of Atroa, Abbot, opponent of iconoclasm
(Peter the Standard-Bearer) (837)
Saint William of Dijon (William of Volpiano),
Italian monastic reformer and architect (1031)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Peter Mogila, Metropolitan of Kyiv, Halych and all Rus’,
Archimandrite of the Kyivan Caves Lavra (1646)
New Martyr Peter of Tripolis in the Peloponnesus,
at Temisi in Asia Minor (1776)
Saint Athanasius (Volkhovsky), Bishop of Mohyliv,
Wonderworker of Poltava (1801)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Jeremiah Leonov (1918)
New Hieromartyrs Platon (Kulbush), Bishop of Tallinn (Reval), Estonia, and with
him protopresbyters Michael (Blaive) and Nicholas (Bezhanitsky) (1919)
New Hieromartyrs Alexander (Trapitsyn), Archbishop of Samara;
with him, priests: John (Smirnov), Alexander (Ivanov), Alexander (Organov), John (Suldin), Trophimus (Miachin), Viacheslav Infantov, Basil Vitevsky, and Jacob Alferov (1938)
Malankara Orthodox
Feast of St Basil the Great, St. Gregorious of Nazianzus,
and all the Holy Doctors of the Church.
Feast of St Basil the Great, St. Gregorious of Nazianzus,
and all the Holy Doctors of the Church.
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