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Events
418 – Pope Boniface I is elected.
457 – Majorian is acclaimed emperor of the Western Roman Empire and recognized by Emperor Leo I the Thracian.
484 – Alaric II succeeds his father Euric and becomes king of the Visigoths. He establishes his capital at Aire-sur-l'Adour (Southern Gaul).
893 – An earthquake destroys the city of Dvin, Armenia.
1065 – Westminster Abbey is consecrated.
1308 – The reign of Emperor Hanazono of Japan begins.
1612 – Galileo Galilei becomes the first astronomer to observe the planet Neptune, although he mistakenly catalogs it as a fixed star.
1694: Queen Mary II of England dies after five years of joint rule with her husband, King William III.
1732 – Using the pseudonym Richard Saunders, Benjamin Franklin begins publication of "Poor Richard's Almanack."
1768 – King Taksin's coronation achieved through conquest as a king of Thailand and established Thonburi as a capital.
1795 – Construction of Yonge Street, formerly recognized as the longest street in the world, begins in York, Upper Canada (present-day Toronto).
1824 – The Bathurst War comes to an end with the surrender of the Wiradjuri.
1832 – Due to differences with President Jackson, John C. Calhoun becomes the first Vice President of the United States to resign. He was subsequently elected to fill a vacant South Carolina Senate seat.
1835 – Osceola leads his Seminole warriors in Florida into the Second Seminole War against the United States Army.
1836 – South Australia and Adelaide are founded.
1836 – Spain recognizes the independence of Mexico.
1846 – Iowa is admitted as the 29th U.S. state.
1860 – After evading capture for 8 years abolitionist Harriet Tubman arrives in Auburn, New York, on her last mission to free slaves.
1867 – United States claims Midway Atoll, the first territory annexed outside Continental limits.
1879 – Tay Bridge disaster: The central part of the Tay Rail Bridge in Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom collapses as a train passes over it, killing 75.
1885 – Indian National Congress, a political party of India is founded in Bombay Presidency, British India.
1895 – The Lumière brothers perform for their first paying audience at the Grand Cafe in Boulevard des Capucines, marking the debut of the cinema.
1895 – Wilhelm Röntgen publishes a paper detailing his discovery of a new type of radiation, which later will be known as x-rays.
1902 – The Syracuse Athletic Club defeated the New York Philadelphians, 5–0, in the first indoor professional football game, which was held at Madison Square Garden.
1908 – A magnitude 7.2 earthquake rocks Messina, Sicily, Italy killing over 75,000.
1912 – The first municipally owned streetcars take to the streets in San Francisco.
1918 – Constance Markievicz, while detained in Holloway prison, became the first woman to be elected MP to the British House of Commons.
1935 – Pravda publishes a letter by Pavel Postyshev, who revives New Year tree tradition in the Soviet Union.
1941 – World War II: Operation Anthropoid, the plot to assassinate high-ranking Nazi officer Reinhard Heydrich, commences.
1943 – World War II: After eight days of brutal house-to-house fighting, the Battle of Ortona concludes with the victory of the 1st Canadian Infantry Division over the German 1st Parachute Division and the capture of the Italian town of Ortona.
1944 – Maurice Richard becomes the first player to score eight points in one game of NHL ice hockey.
1945: Congress officially recognized the Pledge of Allegiance.
1948 – The DC-3 airliner NC16002 disappears 50 miles south of Miami.
1956 – Chin Peng, David Marshall and Tunku Abdul Rahman meet in Baling, Malaya to try and resolve the Malayan Emergency situation.
1958 – "Greatest Game Ever Played": Baltimore Colts defeat the New York Giants in the first ever National Football League sudden death overtime game at New York's Yankee Stadium.
1972 – Kim Il-sung, already Prime Minister of North Korea and First Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea, becomes the first President of North Korea.
1973: Alexander Solzhenitsyn publishes "Gulag Archipelago," an expose of the Soviet prison system.
1973 – The Endangered Species Act is passed in the United States.
1978 – With the crew investigating a problem with the landing gear, United Airlines Flight 173 runs out of fuel and crashes in Portland, Oregon, killing ten. As a result, United Airlines instituted the industry's first crew resource management program.
1989 – A magnitude 5.6 earthquake hits Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, killing 13 people.
2000 – U.S. retail giant Montgomery Ward announces it is going out of business after 128 years.
2006 – War in Somalia: The militaries of Somalia's Transitional Federal Government and Ethiopian troops capture Mogadishu unopposed.
2009 – Forty-three people die in a suicide bombing in Karachi, Pakistan, where Shia Muslims are observing the Day of Ashura.
2010 – Arab Spring: Popular protests begin in Algeria against the government.
2011 – Roboski airstrike: Turkish warplanes bomb 34 Kurds of Turkish nationality in the district of Uludere.
2014 – Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501 crashes into the Karimata Strait en route from Surabaya to Singapore, killing all 162 people aboard.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
The Holy Innocents. Double of the Second Class.
Commemoration of the Octaves of Christmas, of St. Stephen, and of St. John
Commemoration of the Octaves of Christmas, of St. Stephen, and of St. John
Contemporary Western
Caterina Volpicelli
Feast of the Holy Innocents or Childermas
Feast of the Holy Innocents or Childermas
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Apostle Nicanor the Deacon, one of the Seven Deacons,
and one of the Seventy (34)
Martyr Secundus, an Enlightener of Spain, sent by the Apostles
to Spain to preach the Gospel of Jesus Christ (1st century)
The 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia (302), including:
Hieromartyr Glycerius, priest;
Deacons Theophilus and Migdonius;
Martyrs Zeno, Dorotheus, Mardonius, Indes, Gorgonius, Peter, and Euthymius;
Virgin-martyrs Agape, Domna (the former pagan priestess), Theophila, and others.
Martyr Ploutodoros
Venerable Babylas of Tarsus in Cilicia
Venerable Stephen the Wonderworker
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Martyrs Castor, Victor and Rogatian, in North Africa
Saint Domnio (Domnion), a righteous priest in Rome
Saint Romulus and Conindrus, two of the first people to preach Orthodoxy
on the Isle of Man, they were contemporaries of St Patrick (c. 450)
Saint Maughold (Maccaldus), a former brigand in Ireland, was converted by St Patrick
and sent to the Isle of Man, where his episcopate was very fruitful (c. 488)
Saint Antony of Lérins (Anthony the Hermit), renowned for miracles (c. 520)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Simon the Myrrh-gusher, founder of Simonopetra, Mt. Athos (1287)
Saint Ignatius, Monk, of Loma (Vologda) (Ignatii of Lomsk and Yaroslavsk) (1591)
Saint Cornelius, monk of Krypetsk Monastery (Pskov) (1903)
Hieromonk St Pakhomij (Petin – 1985)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Nikodim (Kononov), Bishop of Belgorod, at Solovki (1918)
New Hieromartyr Arcadius Reshetnikov, Deacon (1918)
New Hieromartyr Alexander, Priest (1920)
New Hieromartyrs Theoctistus, Leonid, and Nicholas, Priests (1937)
New Hieromartyrs Arethus, and Alexander, Priests (1938)
Other commemorations
Apostle Nicanor the Deacon, one of the Seven Deacons,
and one of the Seventy (34)
Martyr Secundus, an Enlightener of Spain, sent by the Apostles
to Spain to preach the Gospel of Jesus Christ (1st century)
The 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia (302), including:
Hieromartyr Glycerius, priest;
Deacons Theophilus and Migdonius;
Martyrs Zeno, Dorotheus, Mardonius, Indes, Gorgonius, Peter, and Euthymius;
Virgin-martyrs Agape, Domna (the former pagan priestess), Theophila, and others.
Martyr Ploutodoros
Venerable Babylas of Tarsus in Cilicia
Venerable Stephen the Wonderworker
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Martyrs Castor, Victor and Rogatian, in North Africa
Saint Domnio (Domnion), a righteous priest in Rome
Saint Romulus and Conindrus, two of the first people to preach Orthodoxy
on the Isle of Man, they were contemporaries of St Patrick (c. 450)
Saint Maughold (Maccaldus), a former brigand in Ireland, was converted by St Patrick
and sent to the Isle of Man, where his episcopate was very fruitful (c. 488)
Saint Antony of Lérins (Anthony the Hermit), renowned for miracles (c. 520)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Simon the Myrrh-gusher, founder of Simonopetra, Mt. Athos (1287)
Saint Ignatius, Monk, of Loma (Vologda) (Ignatii of Lomsk and Yaroslavsk) (1591)
Saint Cornelius, monk of Krypetsk Monastery (Pskov) (1903)
Hieromonk St Pakhomij (Petin – 1985)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Nikodim (Kononov), Bishop of Belgorod, at Solovki (1918)
New Hieromartyr Arcadius Reshetnikov, Deacon (1918)
New Hieromartyr Alexander, Priest (1920)
New Hieromartyrs Theoctistus, Leonid, and Nicholas, Priests (1937)
New Hieromartyrs Arethus, and Alexander, Priests (1938)
Other commemorations
Repose of Joseph the Hesychast (Romania) (1828)
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