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Events
1512 – The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the conduct of settlers with regard to native Indians in the New World.
1521 – The Zwickau_prophets arrive in Wittenberg disturbing the peace and preaching the Apocalypse. Melancthon cannot silence them. Martin Luther is being held in protective custody at the Wartburg Castle at this time. He is later released and is able, by his preaching, to regain the peace.
1655 – Second Northern War/the Deluge: Monks at the Jasna Góra Monastery in Częstochowa are successful in fending off a month-long siege.
1657 – The Flushing Remonstrance is signed.
1703 – Portugal and England sign the Methuen Treaty which gives preference to Portuguese imported wines into England.
1780: American Brigadier General Daniel Morgan detaches a force of approximately 275 troops commanded by Colonel William Washington to destroy a force of 250 British Loyalists under the command of Colonel Thomas Waters, who had been terrorizing Patriots in the vicinity of Fairforest Creek, on Bush River, South Carolina. Hammonds Store was a blacksmith's shop and trading post in what became Laurens County, northeast of Mountville, in the district of Fort Ninety-Six. Colonel Washington, a cousin of General George Washington, surprised the Loyalists and Redcoats camping at the store. American forces killed or wounded 150 British Loyalists and captured 40 prisoners during the four-day siege without incurring any losses of their own.
1814 – War of 1812: The American schooner USS Carolina is destroyed. It was the last of Commodore Daniel Patterson's makeshift fleet that fought a series of delaying actions that contributed to Andrew Jackson's victory at the Battle of New Orleans.
1831 – Charles Darwin embarks on his journey aboard the HMS Beagle, during which he will begin to formulate the theory of evolution.
1836 – Lewes avalanche: The deadliest avalanche on record in England occurs at Lewes, Sussex, killing eight people.
1845 – Ether anesthetic is used for childbirth for the first time by Dr. Crawford Long in Jefferson, Georgia.
1845 – Journalist John L. O'Sullivan, writing in his newspaper the New York Morning News, argues that the United States had the right to claim the entire Oregon Country "by the right of our manifest destiny".
1864: The broken and defeated Confederate Army of Tennessee finishes crossing the Tennessee River as General John Bell Hood's force retreats into Mississippi.
1911 – "Jana Gana Mana", the national anthem of India, is first sung in the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress.
1915 – Steel and iron workers stage a 3-week strike for an eight-hour workday. Because the U.S. needs steel for armaments the workers are successful.
1918 – The Great Poland Uprising against the Germans begins.
1922 – Japanese aircraft carrier Hōshō becomes the first purpose built aircraft carrier to be commissioned in the world.
1923 – Daisuke Namba, a Japanese student, tries to assassinate the Prince Regent Hirohito.
1927: Show Boat, considered to be the first true American musical play, with music by Jerome Kern and libretto by Oscar Hammerstein II, opens at the Ziegfeld Theater on Broadway in New York City.
1929 – Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin orders the "liquidation of the kulaks as a class", ostensibly as an effort to spread socialism to the countryside.
1932: Radio City Music Hall opens in New York City
1939 – Erzincan, Turkey, is hit by an earthquake, killing 30,000.
1939 – Winter War: Finland holds off a Soviet attack in the Battle of Kelja.
1941: The federal Office of Price Administration initiates its first rationing program in support of the American effort in World War II: It mandates that from that day on, no driver will be permitted to own more than five automobile tires.
1942 – The Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia is founded.
1944: President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders his secretary of war to seize properties belonging to the Montgomery Ward company because the company refused to comply with a labor agreement.
1945 – The World Bank and International Monetary Fund are created with the signing of an agreement by 29 nations.
1947: The original version of the puppet character Howdy Doody made its TV debut on NBC’s “Puppet Playhouse.”
1949 – Indonesian National Revolution: The Netherlands officially recognizes Indonesian independence. End of the Dutch East Indies.
1966 – The Cave of Swallows, the largest known cave shaft in the world, is discovered in Aquismón, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
1968 – Apollo program: Apollo 8 splashes down in the Pacific Ocean, ending the first orbital manned mission to the Moon.
1970: "Hello, Dolly!" closed on Broadway after a run of 2,844 performances.
1978: Following its approval in a national referendum, King Juan Carlos ratifies Spain's first democratic constitution in nearly five decades.
1979 – The Soviet Union invades the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. Babrak Karmal succeeds President Hafizullah Amin, who was overthrown and executed.
1983 – Pope John Paul II visits Mehmet Ali Ağca in Rebibbia's prison and personally forgives him for the 1981 attack on him in St. Peter's Square.
1985 – Palestinian guerrillas kill eighteen people inside the airports of Rome, Italy, and Vienna, Austria.
1989 – The Romanian Revolution concludes, as the last minor street confrontations and stray shootings abruptly end in the country's capital, Bucharest.
1996 – Taliban forces retake the strategic Bagram Airfield which solidifies their buffer zone around Kabul, Afghanistan.
1997 – Protestant paramilitary leader Billy Wright is assassinated in Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
2001 – China is granted permanent normal trade relations with the United States.
2002 – Two truck bombs kill 72 and wound 200 at the pro-Moscow headquarters of the Chechen government in Grozny, Chechnya, Russia.
2004 – Radiation from an explosion on the magnetar SGR 1806-20 reaches Earth. It is the brightest extrasolar event known to have been witnessed on the planet.
2007 – Former Pakistani prime minister Benazir Bhutto is assassinated in a shooting incident.
2007 – Riots erupt in Mombasa, Kenya, after Mwai Kibaki is declared the winner of the presidential election, triggering a political, economic, and humanitarian crisis.
2008 – Operation Cast Lead: Israel launches 3-week operation on Gaza.
2009 – Iranian election protests: On the Day of Ashura in Tehran, Iran, government security forces fire upon demonstrators.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
John, Apostle and Evangelist. Double of the Second Class
Commemoration of the Octaves of Christmas and of St. Stephen
Commemoration of the Octaves of Christmas and of St. Stephen
Contemporary Western
Blessed Francesco Spoto
Blessed Sára Salkaházi
Fabiola
John the Apostle
Nicarete
Blessed Sára Salkaházi
Fabiola
John the Apostle
Nicarete
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Feasts
Third Day of the Feast of the Nativity
Saints
Archdeacon Stephen the Protomartyr (34) wikipedia
Saint Maximus, Pope of Alexandria (282)
Martyrs Maurice, with his son Photinus,
and 70 soldiers, at Apamea (286-305)
Saint Theodore, Patriarch of Constantinople (686)
Venerable Theodore Graptus, “the branded,” Confessor (840)
Venerable Luke, Abbot of the Monastery of the Deep Stream
in Triglia, in Bithynia
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Saint Fabiola, a patrician in Rome who gave up all earthly pleasures and devoted
herself to the practice of Christian asceticism and charitable work (399)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Svyatoslav II Yaroslavich, Prince of Chernihiv,
son of St Yaroslav the Wise (1076)
Venerable Abbot Boniface (Vinogradsky), founder of St. Panteleimon
Monastery, Kiev (1871)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyrs Tikhon (Nikanorov), Archbishop of Voronezh,
and with him 160 martyred priests (1919)
Virgin-Martyr Antonina (1937)
Other commemorations
Third Day of the Feast of the Nativity
Saints
Archdeacon Stephen the Protomartyr (34) wikipedia
Saint Maximus, Pope of Alexandria (282)
Martyrs Maurice, with his son Photinus,
and 70 soldiers, at Apamea (286-305)
Saint Theodore, Patriarch of Constantinople (686)
Venerable Theodore Graptus, “the branded,” Confessor (840)
Venerable Luke, Abbot of the Monastery of the Deep Stream
in Triglia, in Bithynia
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Saint Fabiola, a patrician in Rome who gave up all earthly pleasures and devoted
herself to the practice of Christian asceticism and charitable work (399)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Svyatoslav II Yaroslavich, Prince of Chernihiv,
son of St Yaroslav the Wise (1076)
Venerable Abbot Boniface (Vinogradsky), founder of St. Panteleimon
Monastery, Kiev (1871)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyrs Tikhon (Nikanorov), Archbishop of Voronezh,
and with him 160 martyred priests (1919)
Virgin-Martyr Antonina (1937)
Other commemorations
Uncovering of Relics (1514) of Venerable Pherapont (Therapont)
of Mozhaisk, Luzhetsk
Repose of Nicholas Ilminsky, Missionary to the Tatars (1891)
Repose of Archimandrite Agathangelus of Svir and Valaam (1909)
Repose of Helen Ivanovna Motovilova (1910)
Repose of Abbot Athanasius of Grigoriou Monastery, Mt. Athos (1953)
Repose of Archimandrite Seraphim (Rozenberg) of the Pskov-Caves
Monastery (1993)
of Mozhaisk, Luzhetsk
Repose of Nicholas Ilminsky, Missionary to the Tatars (1891)
Repose of Archimandrite Agathangelus of Svir and Valaam (1909)
Repose of Helen Ivanovna Motovilova (1910)
Repose of Abbot Athanasius of Grigoriou Monastery, Mt. Athos (1953)
Repose of Archimandrite Seraphim (Rozenberg) of the Pskov-Caves
Monastery (1993)
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