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Events
69 – Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor.
217 – The papacy of Zephyrinus ends. Callixtus I is elected as the sixteenth pope, but is opposed by the theologian Hippolytus who accuses him of laxity and of being a Modalist, one who denies any distinction between the three persons of the Trinity.
1192 – Richard I of England is captured and imprisoned by Leopold V of Austria on his way home to England after signing a treaty with Saladin ending the Third Crusade.
1522 – Siege of Rhodes: Suleiman the Magnificent accepts the surrender of the surviving Knights of Rhodes, who are allowed to evacuate. They eventually settle on Malta and become known as the Knights of Malta.
1606 – The Virginia Company loads three ships with settlers and sets sail to establish Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in the Americas.
1783 – Virginia cedes the vast territory it had previously claimed by right of colonial charter to the federal government of the United States. The Ohio Valley territory, which covered the area north of the Ohio River, east of the Mississippi River, and south of the Great Lakes and Canada, had been contested by Pennsylvania, New York, Massachusetts and Connecticut.
1790 – Samuel Slater begins spinning yarn in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, in the first successful U.S. cotton mill.
1803 – The Louisiana Purchase is completed at a ceremony in New Orleans.
1808 – Peninsular War: The Siege of Zaragoza begins.
1812: German authors Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm published the first volume of the first edition of their collection of folk stories, titled “Children’s and Household Tales.”
1832 – HMS Clio under the command of Captain Onslow arrives at Port Egmont under orders to take possession of the Falkland Islands
1836: President Andrew Jackson presented Congress with a treaty he negotiated with the Ioway, Sacs, Sioux, Fox, Otoe and Omaha tribes of the Missouri territory. The treaty, which removed those tribes from their ancestral homelands to make way for white settlement, epitomized racist 19th century presidential policies toward Native Americans. The agreement was just one of nearly 400 treaties--nearly always unequal--that were concluded between various tribes and the U.S. government between 1788 and 1883.
1860 – South Carolina becomes the first state to attempt to secede from the United States.
1862: Confederate General Earl Van Dorn thwarted Union General Ulysses S. Grant's first attempt to capture Vicksburg, Mississippi, when Van Dorn attacked Grant's supplies at Holly Springs, Mississippi.
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| Broadway at night in the 1920s from whatwasthere.com |
1914: After minor skirmishes, the First Battle of Champagne began in earnest, marking the first major Allied attack against the Germans since the initiation of trench warfare on the Western Front.
1915 – World War I: The last Australian troops are evacuated from Gallipoli.
1917 – Cheka, the first Soviet secret police force, is founded.
1924 – Adolf Hitler is released from Landsberg Prison after serving nine months for his role in the Beer Hall Putsch; during his time behind bars, he’d written his autobiographical screed, “Mein Kampf.”
1941: In one of his first acts as the new commander in chief of the German army, Adolf Hitler informed General Franz Halder that there would be no retreating from the Russian front near Moscow. "The will to hold out must be brought home to every unit!" Halder was also informed that he could stay on as chief of the general army staff if he so chose, but only with the understanding that Hitler alone was in charge of the army's movements and strategies.
1941 – World War II: The 1st American Volunteer Group of the Chinese Air Force, better known as the Flying Tigers, first saw combat in Kunming, China, 12 days after Pearl Harbor (local time).
1942 – World War II: Japanese air forces bomb Calcutta, India.
1946 – The popular Christmas film It's a Wonderful Life is first released at the Globe Theater in New York City.
1946: The morning after Viet Minh forces under Ho Chi Minh launched a night revolt in the Vietnamese capital of Hanoi, French colonial troops cracked down on the communist rebels. Ho and his soldiers immediately fled the city to regroup in the countryside. That evening, the communist leader issued a proclamation that read: "All the Vietnamese must stand up to fight the French colonials to save the fatherland. Those who have rifles will use their rifles; those who have swords will use their swords; those who have no swords will use spades, hoes, or sticks. Everyone must endeavor to oppose the colonialists and save his country. Even if we have to endure hardship in the resistance war, with the determination to make sacrifices, victory will surely be ours." The First Indochina War had begun.
1951 – The EBR-1 in Arco, Idaho becomes the first nuclear power plant to generate electricity. The electricity powered four light bulbs.
1952 – A United States Air Force C-124 crashes and burns in Moses Lake, Washington killing 87.
1955 – Cardiff is proclaimed the capital city of Wales, United Kingdom.
1957 – The initial production version of the Boeing 707 makes its first flight.
1957 – Elvis Presley receives his draft notice to join the Army.
1959 – Unknown attackers murder the Walker family in Osprey, Florida.
1960 – North Vietnam announced the formation of the National Front for the Liberation of the South at a conference held "somewhere in the South." This organization, more commonly known as the National Liberation Front (NLF), was designed to replicate the success of the Viet Minh, the umbrella nationalist organization that successfully liberated Vietnam from French colonial rule.
1963: More than two years after the Berlin Wall was constructed by East Germany to prevent its citizens from fleeing its communist regime, nearly 4,000 West Berliners were allowed to cross into East Berlin to visit relatives. Under an agreement reached between East and West Berlin, over 170,000 passes were eventually issued to West Berlin citizens, each pass allowing a one-day visit to communist East Berlin.
1967 – A Pennsylvania Railroad Budd Metroliner exceeds 155 mph on their New York Division, also present day Amtrak's Northeast Corridor.
1968 – The Zodiac Killer kills Betty Lou Jenson and David Faraday in Vallejo, California.
1971 – The international aid organization Doctors Without Borders is founded by Bernard Kouchner and a group of journalists in Paris, France.
1973 – The Prime Minister of Spain, Admiral Luis Carrero Blanco, is assassinated by a car bomb attack in Madrid.
1977 – Djibouti and Vietnam join the United Nations.
1984 – The Summit Tunnel fire is the largest underground fire in history, as a freight train carrying over 1 million liters of gasoline derails near the town of Todmorden, England, in the Pennines.
1985 – Pope John Paul II announces the institution of World Youth Day.
1987 – In the worst peacetime sea disaster, the passenger ferry Doña Paz sinks after colliding with the oil tanker Vector in the Tablas Strait near Manila in the Philippines, killing an estimated 4,000 people (1,749 official). The ferry was severely overcrowded, carrying more than twice its stated capacity, and nearly everyone on board was killed.
1988 – The United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances is signed in Vienna, Austria.
1989 – United States invasion of Panama: The United States sends troops into Panama in an attempt to overthrow military dictator Manuel Noriega, who had been indicted in the United States on drug trafficking charges and was accused of suppressing democracy in Panama and endangering U.S. nationals. Noriega's Panamanian Defense Forces (PDF) were promptly crushed, forcing the dictator to seek asylum with the Vatican anuncio in Panama City, where he surrendered on January 3, 1990. This is also the first combat use of purpose-designed stealth aircraft.
1991 – A Missouri court sentences the Palestinian militant Zein Isa and his wife Maria to death for the honor killing of their daughter Palestina.
1995 – NATO begins peacekeeping in Bosnia: During a brief military ceremony in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina, French General Bernard Janvier, head of the United Nations peacekeeping force, formally transfered military authority in Bosnia to U.S. Admiral Leighton Smith, commander of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces in Southern Europe.
1995 – American Airlines Flight 965, a Boeing 757, crashes into a mountain 50 km north of Cali, Colombia killing 159.
1996: NeXT merges with Apple Computer, starting the path to Mac OS X.
1999 – Macau is handed over to China by Portugal.
2004 – A gang of thieves steal £26.5 million worth of currency from the Donegall Square West headquarters of Northern Bank in Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, one of the largest bank robberies in British history.
2005 – Aleksandër Moisiu University was founded in Durrës, Albania.
2007 – Elizabeth II becomes the oldest monarch of the United Kingdom, surpassing Queen Victoria, who lived for 81 years, 7 months and 29 days.
2007 – The Portrait of Suzanne Bloch (1904), by the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso, and O Lavrador de Café by Brazilian modernist painter Cândido Portinari, are stolen from the São Paulo Museum of Art.
2013 – China successfully launches the Bolivian Túpac Katari 1 from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center.
2014 – Two police officers of the New York City Police Department are shot and killed, allegedly in retaliation against the deaths of Eric Garner and Michael Brown.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
O Day-spring, Brightness of the everlasting Light, Sun of Righteousness, come, to give light to them that sit in darkness, and in the shadow of death!
O MORNING Star, arise, draw nigh,
To give us comfort from on high;
Drive Thou away the gloov of night,
And pierce the clouds, and bring us light.
Draw nigh, draw nigh, with us to dwell,
In mercy save Thine Israel.
Traditional Western
Eve of St. Thomas.
O Oriens
Contemporary Western
Dominic of Silos
O Clavis David
Ursicinus of Saint-Ursanne
O Clavis David
Ursicinus of Saint-Ursanne
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Saint Philogonius, Bishop of Antioch, Confessor (323)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Saint Ursicinus of Cahors, Bishop of Cahors in France (ca.585)
Saint Dominic of Brescia, successor of St Anastasius as Bishop
of Brescia in Italy (ca.612)
Saint Ursicinus of Saint-Ursanne, born in Ireland; a disciple of
St Columbanus, he founded the monastery of St Ursanne (ca.625)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Ignatius, Archimandrite of the Kiev Caves (1435)
New Martyr John of the island of Thasos,
at Constantinople, by beheading (1652)
Saint Anthony (Smirnitsky), Archbishop of Voronezh (1846)
Righteous John of Kronstadt, Wonderworker (1908)
Other commemorations
Novgorod Icon of the Theotokos, "Deliverance of the Drowning"
("Rescuer of the Drowning")
("Rescuer of the Drowning")
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