627 – Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II's Persian forces, commanded by General Rhahzadh.
1098 – First Crusade: Siege of Ma'arrat al-Numan: Crusaders breach the town's walls and massacre about 20,000 inhabitants. After finding themselves with insufficient food, they reportedly resort to cannibalism.
1388 – Mary of Enghien sells the lordship of Argos and Nauplia to the Republic of Venice.
1408 – The Order of the Dragon a monarchical chivalric order is created by Sigismund of Luxembourg, then King of Hungary.
1781 – American Revolutionary War: Second Battle of Ushant: A British fleet led by HMS Victory defeats a French fleet.
1787 – Pennsylvania becomes the second state to ratify the Constitution, by a vote of 46 to 23, five days after Delaware became the first. Pennsylvania was the first large state to ratify, as well as the first state to endure a serious Anti-Federalist challenge to ratification.
1800 – Washington, D.C., is established as the capital of the U.S.
1862 – American Civil War: USS Cairo sinks on the Yazoo River, becoming the first armored ship to be sunk by an electrically detonated mine.
1870 – Joseph H. Rainey of South Carolina becomes the second black U.S. congressman, the first being Hiram Revels.
1897 – Belo Horizonte, the first planned city in Brazil, is founded.
1901 – Italian physicist and radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi receives the first radio transmission across the Atlantic Ocean, disproving detractors who told him that the curvature of the earth would limit transmission to 200 miles or less. The message – simply the Morse-code signal for the letter "s" – traveled more than 2,000 miles from Poldhu in Cornwall, England, to Signal Hill in St John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
1905: The Yakima Project in Washington’s first division was approved. The Sunnyside Division consists of some 103,000 acres of land lying mostly north of the Yakima River and extends from the Sunnyside Diversion Dam, on the Yakima River near Parker, to the vicinity of Benton City.
1911 – Delhi replaces Calcutta as the capital of India.
1911 – King George V of the United Kingdom and Mary of Teck are enthroned as Emperor and Empress of India.
1914: On the first day of trading since the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) reopened in November after being shut down due to the start of World War I earlier that year, the Dow Jones Industrial Average suffered its worst percentage drop (24.39 percent) since it was first published in 1896.
1915 – President of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai, announces his intention to reinstate the monarchy and proclaim himself Emperor of China.
1917: More than 500 French soldiers were killed when their train derailed in Modane, France. The troops were returning from fighting World War I in Italy. There was ample warning that the conditions were dangerous, but the French officers ignored the expert advice and insisted that the overcrowded train proceed as scheduled.
1917 – In Omaha, Nebraska, Father Edward J. Flanagan, a 31-year-old Irish priest, opens the doors to a home for troubled and neglected children which would become known as "Boys Town." Flanagan, who previously ran the Workingmen's Hotel, a haven for down-and-out workers in Omaha, understood that mistreated or orphaned children were at high risk of turning to delinquency and crime in later years.
1918 – The Flag of Estonia is raised atop the Pikk Hermann for the first time.
1925 – The Majlis of Iran votes to crown Reza Khan as the new Shah of Iran, starting the Pahlavi dynasty.
1925: The "Motel Inn," the first motel in the world, opened in San Luis Obispo, CA. It stood at a mid-point location between Los Angeles and San Francisco, which took two days of driving on the roads at the time.
1935 – Lebensborn Project, a Nazi reproduction program, is founded by Heinrich Himmler.
1936 – Xi'an Incident: The Generalissimo of the Republic of China, Chiang Kai-shek, is kidnapped by Zhang Xueliang.
1937 – Second Sino-Japanese War: USS Panay incident: During the battle for Nanking in the Sino-Japanese War, Japanese warplanes bomb and sink U.S. gunboat USS Panay on the Yangtze river in China. The American vessel, neutral in the Chinese-Japanese conflict, was escorting U.S. evacuees and three Standard Oil barges away from Nanking, the war-torn Chinese capital.
1939 – Winter War: Battle of Tolvajärvi: Finnish forces defeat those of the Soviet Union in their first major victory of the conflict.
1939 – HMS Duchess sinks after a collision with HMS Barham off the coast of Scotland with the loss of 124 men.
1940 – World War II: Approximately 70 people are killed in the Marples Hotel, Fitzalan Square, Sheffield, as a result of a German air raid.
1941 – USMC F4F "Wildcats" sink the first 4 major Japanese ships off Wake Island.
1941 – World War II: Fifty-four Japanese A6M Zero fighters raid Batangas Field, Philippines. Jesús Villamor and four Filipino fighter pilots fend them off; César Basa is killed.
1941 – World War II: The United Kingdom declares war on Bulgaria. Hungary and Romania declare war on the United States. India declares war on Japan.
1941 – Adolf Hitler declares the imminent extermination of the Jews at a meeting in the Reich Chancellery
1941 – The U.S. Navy takes control of the largest and most luxurious ocean liner on the seas at that time, France's Normandie, while it is docked at New York City. Shortly thereafter, the conversion for U.S. wartime use begins.
1942 – World War II: German troops begin Operation Winter Storm, an attempt to relieve encircled Axis forces during the Battle of Stalingrad.
1942 – A fire in a hostel in St. John's, Newfoundland, kills 100 people.
1946 – A fire at a New York City ice plant spreads to a nearby tenement, killing 37 people.
1946 – John D. Rockefeller Jr. gifts 6 blocks in Manhattan to the United Nation.
1948 – Malayan Emergency: Batang Kali massacre: Fourteen members of the Scots Guards stationed in Malaya allegedly massacre 24 unarmed civilians and set fire to the village.
1949 – A vote to legalize the spitball in the American League is rejected 7-1 in a vote.
1950 – Paula Ackerman, the first woman appointed to perform rabbinical functions in the United States, leads the congregation in her first services.
1956 – Beginning of the Irish Republican Army's "Border Campaign".
1958 – Guinea joins the United Nations.
1963 – Kenya gains its independence from the United Kingdom.
1964 – Prime Minister Jomo Kenyatta becomes the first President of the Republic of Kenya.
1968: The Paris Peace talks, which opened on May 10, continue to be plagued by procedural questions that impede any meaningful progress. South Vietnamese Premier Nguyen Cao Ky refuses to consent to any permanent seating plan that would place the National Liberation Front (NLF) on an equal footing with Saigon. North Vietnam and the NLF likewise balked at any arrangement that would effectively recognize the Saigon as the legitimate government of South Vietnam. Prolonged discussions over the shape of the negotiating table was finally resolved by the placement of two square tables separated by a round table.
1969 – Years of Lead: Piazza Fontana bombing: The offices of Banca Nazionale dell'Agricoltura in Piazza Fontana, Milan, are bombed.
1969: The Philippine Civic Action Group, a 1,350-man contingent from the Army of the Philippines, departs South Vietnam.
1979 – Coup d'état of December Twelfth: South Korean Army Major General Chun Doo-hwan orders the arrest of Army Chief of Staff General Jeong Seung-hwa without authorization from President Choi Kyu-ha, alleging involvement in the assassination of ex-President Park Chung-hee.
1979 – President of Pakistan Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq confers Nishan-e-Imtiaz on Nobel laureate Dr Abdus Salam.
1979 – The unrecognised state of Zimbabwe-Rhodesia returns to British control and resumes using the name Southern Rhodesia.
1980: American oil tycoon Armand Hammer pays $5,126,000 at auction for a notebook containing writings by the legendary artist Leonardo da Vinci.
1983 – The Australian Labor government led by Prime Minister Bob Hawke and Treasurer Paul Keating floats the Australian dollar.
1984 – Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya becomes the third president of Mauritania after a coup d'état against Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla while the latter is attending a summit.
1985 – Arrow Air Flight 1285, a McDonnell Douglas DC-8, crashes after takeoff in Gander, Newfoundland, killing all 256 people on board, including 236 members of the United States Army's 101st Airborne Division.
1987: During an official visit to Denmark, U.S. Secretary of State George Shultz issued a statement calling on America's NATO allies in western Europe to sharply increase their defense spending. Shultz bluntly informed his Danish hosts that it was "important for all of us to increase our contributions to NATO, to insure that we do everything we can to preserve our values." The call for funds was in direct response to the INF Treaty that had recently been signed by the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
1988 – The Clapham Junction rail crash kills thirty-five and injures hundreds after two collisions of three commuter trains—one of the worst train crashes in the United Kingdom.
1991 – The Russian Federation gains independence from the USSR.
2000 – George W. Bush is transformed into the president-elect as a divided U.S. Supreme Court releases its decision in Bush v. Gore, reversing a state court decision for recounts in Florida’s contested election.
2001 – Prime Minister of Vietnam Phan Văn Khải announces the decision on upgrading Phong Nha–Kẻ Bàng to the Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, providing information on projects for the conservation and development of the park and revised maps.
2012 – North Korea successfully launches its first satellite, Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2, using an Unha-3 carrier rocket.
2012 – 12-12-12: The Concert for Sandy Relief took place at Madison Square Garden and was broadcast on 20 international television networks to raise money for the victims of Hurricane Sandy.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Our Lady of Guadaloupe
Within the Octave of the Conception.
Contemporary Western
Edburga of Minster-in-Thanet
Feast of the Apparition of Our Lady of Guadalupe (Mexico)
Vicelinus
Feast of the Apparition of Our Lady of Guadalupe (Mexico)
Vicelinus
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Martyr Aitherius (Aetherius), under Maximian, tortured and beheaded
for refusing to sacrifice to idols (c. 286 - 305)
Saint Spyridon the Wonderworker, Bishop of Tremithus (348)
Venerable Amonathus, monk
Venerable Anthus, monk
Saint Euphemiane
Martyr John, Abbot of the Zedazeni Monastery, Georgia (9th century)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
beheaded for refusing to sacrifice to idols (270-275)
Martyrs Maxentius, Constantius, Crescentius, Justinus and their
Companions, martyrs in Trier in Germany in the reign of
Diocletian, under the governor Rictiovarus (c. 287)
Saint Abra of Poitiers, daughter of St Hilary of Poitiers in France (c. 360)
Saint Corentinus of Quimper, first Bishop of Quimper in Brittany,
he had lived as a hermit at Plomodiern (490)
Saint Finian of Clonard and Skellig Michael, teacher of Ireland
and one of the fathers of Irish monasticism (549)
Saint Columba of Terryglass (Columba of Tyrdaglas),
born in Leinster in Ireland, he was a disciple of St Finian
and Abbot of Tyrdaglas in Munster (552)
Saint Gregory of Terracina, a disciple of St Benedict, and with
his brother St Speciosus, a monk at Terracina in Italy (c. 570)
Saint Cormac (Cormac mac Eogain), an Abbot in Ireland and friend
of St Columba (6th century)
Saint Colman of Glendalough in Ireland, Abbot (659)[3][14]
Saint Agatha, nun at Wimborne in Dorset in England and a disciple
of St Lioba, she went to Germany to help St Boniface
in his missionary work (c. 790)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
the Forerunner on Mt. Menikion (north-east of Serres) (1333)
Venerable Therapontus, Abbot of Monza (1597)
Venerable Herman of Alaska, Wonderworker of Alaska (1836)
Other commemorations
Synaxis of the First Martyrs of the American land:
Hieromartyr Juvenal the Protomartyr of America (1796),
Peter the Aleut (c. 1815); and
New Martyrs of Russia: Anatole (Kamensky) of Irkutsk,
Seraphim (Samoilovich) of Uglich; and
priests: John (Kochurov) of Chicago (1917) and Alexander
(Khotovitsky) of New York (1937)
Hieromartyr Juvenal the Protomartyr of America (1796),
Peter the Aleut (c. 1815); and
New Martyrs of Russia: Anatole (Kamensky) of Irkutsk,
Seraphim (Samoilovich) of Uglich; and
priests: John (Kochurov) of Chicago (1917) and Alexander
(Khotovitsky) of New York (1937)
Repose of Flegont (Ostrovsky), Stylite of Kimlyai (Mordovia) (1870)
Coptic Orthodox
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