1041 – The son of Empress Zoe of Byzantium succeeds to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V.
1317 – The "Nyköping Banquet" - King Birger of Sweden treacherously seizes his two brothers Duke Valdemar and Duke Eric, who were subsequently starved to death in the dungeon of Nyköping Castle.
1508 – The League of Cambrai is formed by Pope Julius II, Louis XII of France, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and Ferdinand II of Aragon as an alliance against Venice.
1510 – Portuguese conquest of Goa: Portuguese naval forces under the command of Afonso de Albuquerque, and local mercenaries working for privateer Timoji, seize Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate, resulting in 451 years of Portuguese colonial rule.
1520 – Martin Luther burns his copy of the papal bull Exsurge Domine outside Wittenberg's Elster Gate.
1541 – Thomas Culpeper and Francis Dereham are executed for having affairs with Catherine Howard, Queen of England and wife of Henry VIII.
1665 – The Royal Netherlands Marine Corps is founded by Michiel de Ruyter
1684 – Isaac Newton's derivation of Kepler's laws from his theory of gravity, contained in the paper De motu corporum in gyrum, is read to the Royal Society by Edmond Halley.
1768 – The first edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica was released in Edinburgh.
1778 – John Jay, the former chief justice of the New York Supreme Court, was elected president of the Continental Congress.
1799 – France adopts the metre as its official unit of length.
1817 – Mississippi becomes the 20th U.S. state.
1861 – American Civil War: The Confederate States of America accept a rival state government's pronouncement that declares Kentucky to be the 13th state of the Confederacy.
1861 – Forces led by Nguyễn Trung Trực, an anti-colonial guerrilla leader in southern Vietnam, sink the French lorcha L'Esperance.
1864 – American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea: Major General William Tecumseh Sherman completes his March to the Sea when his Union Army troops arrive in front of the outer Confederate defenses of Savannah, Georgia.
1868 – The first traffic lights are installed, outside the Palace of Westminster in London. Resembling railway signals, they use semaphore arms and are illuminated at night by red and green gas lamps.
1869 – The Kappa Sigma Fraternity is founded at the University of Virginia.
1869: Motivated more by interest in free publicity than a commitment to gender equality,Wyoming territorial legislators passed a bill that was signed into law granting women the right to vote.
1884 – Mark Twain's novel, "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn", is first published.
1896 – Alfred Jarry's Ubu Roi premieres in Paris. A riot breaks out at the end of the performance.
1898 – Spanish–American War: The Treaty of Paris is signed, formally ending the Spanish-American War, with Spain losing almost all its overseas empire, and the U.S. gaining Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. Cuba became a protectorate of the United States.
1901 – The first Nobel Prizes are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden, in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and peace.
1906 – U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt wins the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in the mediation of the Russo-Japanese War, becoming the first American to win a Nobel Prize.
1907 – The worst night of the Brown Dog riots in London, when 1,000 medical students clash with 400 police officers over the existence of a memorial for animals that have been vivisected.
1909 – Selma Lagerlöf becomes the first female writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature
1917: After three years of war, during which there had been no Nobel Peace Prize awarded, the Norwegian Nobel Committee awarded the 1917 prize to the International Committee of the Red Cross.
1919 – President Woodrow Wilson is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
1920: The Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson for his work in ending the First World War and creating the League of Nations.
1927 – The phrase "Grand Ole Opry" is used for the first time on-air.
1932 – Thailand becomes a constitutional monarchy.
1936 – Abdication Crisis: Edward VIII signs the Instrument of Abdication.
1941 – World War II: The Royal Navy capital ships HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse are sunk by Imperial Japanese Navy torpedo bombers near Malaya. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill finally exclaims, "We have lost control of the sea."
1941 – World War II: Battle of the Philippines: 4,000 Imperial Japanese forces under the command of General Masaharu Homma land on Luzon. Guam, an American-controlled territory, was also seized.
1948 – The United Nations General Assembly adopts the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
1949 – Chinese Civil War: The People's Liberation Army begins its siege of Chengdu, the last Kuomintang-held city in mainland China, forcing President of the Republic of China Chiang Kai-shek and his government to retreat to Taiwan.
1950 – For his peace mediation during the first Arab-Israeli war, American diplomat Ralph Joseph Bunche received the Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo, Norway. Bunche was the first African American to win the prestigious award.
1955 – Mighty Mouse Playhouse premieres on American television.
1963 – Zanzibar gains independence from the United Kingdom as a constitutional monarchy, under Sultan Jamshid bin Abdullah.
1964 – Martin Luther King Jr. received a Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo, Norway, saying he accepted it “with an abiding faith in America and an audacious faith in the future of mankind.”
1965 – The Grateful Dead's first concert performance under this new name.
1968 – Japan's biggest heist, the still-unsolved "300 million yen robbery", is carried out in Tokyo.
1972: In the Paris peace talks between the United States and North Vietnam, technical experts on both sides begin work on the language of a proposed peace accord, giving rise to hope that a final agreement is near. A peace agreement was signed on January 23, 1973.
1976 – The United Nations General Assembly adopts the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques.
1978 – Arab–Israeli conflict: Prime Minister of Israel Menachem Begin and President of Egypt Anwar Sadat are jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
1979 – Kaohsiung Incident: Taiwanese pro-democracy demonstrations are suppressed by the KMT dictatorship, and organizers are arrested.
1983 – Democracy is restored in Argentina with the inauguration of President Raúl Alfonsín.
1989 – Mongolian Revolution: At the country's first open pro-democracy public demonstration, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj announces the establishment of the Mongolian Democratic Union.
1993 – The last shift leaves Wearmouth Colliery in Sunderland. The closure of the 156-year-old pit marks the end of the old County Durham coalfield, which had been in operation since the Middle Ages.
1994 – Rwandan Genocide: Maurice Baril, military advisor to the U.N. Secretary-General and head of the Military Division of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, recommends that UNAMIR stand down.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Within the Octave of the Conception.
Translation of the Holy House of Loreto.
Commemoration of St. Milchiades, Pope of Rome, Martyr.
Contemporary Western
Eulalia of Mérida
Translation of the Holy House of Loreto
Translation of the Holy House of Loreto
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Karl Barth (Episcopal Church (USA))
Thomas Merton (Episcopal Church (USA))
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Martyr Gemellus of Paphlagonia (Gemellus of Ancyra), cruelly tortured and crucified (361)
Hieromartyr Theotecnus, by the sword
Martyr Marianus, by stoning
Martyr Eugenios, beaten to death
Venerable Thomas Dephourkinos of Mt. Kyminas in Bithynia
(Thomas the Righteous) (10th century)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
suffered under Diocletian (c. 290-300)
Virgin-martyr Eulalia of Barcelona, the most famous virgin-martyr
in Spain, burnt at the stake under Diocletian (304)
Saint Julia of Mérida (Eulalia of Mérida), a martyr together with
St Eulalia, in Mérida in Spain under Diocletian (304)
Saint Mercurius and Companions, at Lentini in Sicily, soldiers
who were beheaded under the governor Tertyllus, in the time
of Emperor Licinius (c. 308)
Saint Deusdedit of Brescia, Bishop of Brescia in Italy, played a
leading part in the Councils against Monothelitism (c. 700)
Pope Saint Miltiades, Pope of Rome from 311 to 314, who
condemned Donatism and was venerated as a martyr on account
of his many sufferings during the persecution of Maximian (314)
Pope Saint Gregory III, who was much troubled by Iconoclasm
and the raids of the Lombards (741)
Saint Sindulf of Vienne (Sindulphus), the thirty-first Bishop
of Vienne in France (c. 669)
Saint Guitmarus, fourth Abbot of Saint-Riquier in France (765)
Saint Hildemar (Hildemanus), a monk at Corbie who became
Bishop of Beauvais in France in 821 (844)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
the Blind (1468) and Saint Angelina (Brancovic) (16th century)
Saint Ioasaph (Gorlenko) of Belgorod (1754)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Jacob (Shestakov) of Perm, Priest (1918)
Hieromartyr Eugraphus (Pletnev) of Perm, Priest, and his son,
Mikhail Pletnev (1918)
New Hieromartyrs of Ryazan: Protopresbyters - Anatolius
Pravdoliubov, Alexander Tuberovsky, Eugene Kharkov,
and Constantine Bazhanov (1937), and with them:
New Hieromartyr Nicholas Karasiov, Priest;
Martyrs Peter Grishin, Michael Yakunkin, Eusebius Tryakhov,
Dorotheus Klimashev, Laurentius Kogtyev, Gregory Berdenev;
Virgin-martyrs Alexandra Ustiukhina and Tatiana Yegorova;
New Hieromartyr Michael Kobozev, Priest;
New Hieromartyr Sergius Sorokin, Hieromonk of Sreznevo (Ryazan) (1937)
Virgin-martyr Eudocia (after 1937)
New Hieromartyr Protopresbyter Nicholas Rozov of Yaroslavl-Rostov (1938)
New Hieromartyr Alexis Vvedensky, Priest (1938)
Virgin-martyrs Anna Ivashkina and Tatiana Byakirevoy, Confessors (1948)
Virgin-martyr Thecla Makusheva, Confessor (1954)
Venerable New Nun-Confessor Anna Stoliarova, Schema-nun
of Sreznevo (Ryazan) (1958)
Other commemorations
Synaxis of the Archangel Michael at the Adda River in northern Italy,
before the Battle of Coronate (689)
Commemoration of Blessed Juliana (Ulana), first cousin of St. Joasaph (18th century)
before the Battle of Coronate (689)
Commemoration of Blessed Juliana (Ulana), first cousin of St. Joasaph (18th century)
Coptic Orthodox
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