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314 – Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses his European territories.
451 – At Chalcedon, a city of Bithynia in Asia Minor, the first session of the Council of Chalcedon begins (ends on November 1).
1075 – Dmitar Zvonimir is crowned King of Croatia.
1200 – Isabella of Angoulême is crowned Queen consort of England.
1322 – Mladen II Šubić of Bribir, defeated in the battle of Bliska, is arrested by the Parliament.
1480 – Great stand on the Ugra river, a standoff between the forces of Akhmat Khan, Khan of the Great Horde, and the Grand Duke Ivan III of Russia, which results in the retreat of the Tataro-Mongols and the eventual disintegration of the Horde.
1573 – End of the Spanish siege of Alkmaar, the first Dutch victory in Eighty Years' War.
1582 – Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
1600 – San Marino adopts its written constitution.
1645 – Jeanne Mance opened the Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal, the first lay hospital in North America.
1778: A group of Continental Army soldiers under the command of Colonel William Butler launch an evening attack on Mohawk Chief Joseph Brant's home village of Unadilla on the Susquehanna River in what is now Otsego County, New York. The assault was retaliation for Brant's September 17 raid on the town of German Flats, New York.
1806 – Napoleonic Wars: Forces of the British Empire lay siege to the port of Boulogne in France by using Congreve rockets, invented by Sir William Congreve.
1813 – The Treaty of Ried is signed between Bavaria and Austria.
1821 – The government of general José de San Martín establishes the Peruvian Navy.
1829 – Rail transport: Stephenson's The Rocket wins The Rainhill Trials.
1856 – The Second Opium War between several western powers and China begins with the Arrow Incident on the Pearl River.
1860 – The first telegraph line between Los Angeles and San Francisco opens.
1862 – American Civil War: Union forces under General Don Carlos Buell halt the Confederate invasion of Kentucky by defeating troops led by General Braxton Bragg at the Battle of Perryville.
1871 – Four major fires break out on the shores of Lake Michigan in Chicago, Peshtigo, Wisconsin, Holland, Michigan, and Manistee, Michigan including the Great Chicago Fire, and the much deadlier Peshtigo Fire. Flames spark in the Chicago barn of Patrick and Catherine O'Leary, igniting a two-day blaze that kills between 200 and 300 people, destroys 17,450 buildings, leaves 100,000 homeless and causes an estimated $200 million (in 1871 dollars; $3 billion in 2007 dollars) in damages.
1879 – War of the Pacific: The Chilean Navy defeats the Peruvian Navy in the Battle of Angamos, Peruvian Admiral Miguel Grau is killed in the encounter.
1895 – Eulmi incident: Queen Min of Joseon, the last empress of Korea, is assassinated and her corpse burnt by Japanese infiltrators inside Gyeongbok Palace.
1904 – Edmonton, Alberta is incorporated as a city.
1904 – Prince Albert, Saskatchewan is incorporated as a city.
1912 – First Balkan War begins: Montenegro declares war against the Ottoman Empire.
1918 – World War I: In the Argonne Forest in France, United States Army Corporal Alvin C. York reportedly kills 28 German soldiers and captures an additional 132 at the head of a small detachment in the Argonne Forest near the Meuse River in France. The exploits later earned York the Congressional Medal of Honor.
1921 – KDKA in Pittsburgh's Forbes Field conducts the first live broadcast of a football game.
1928 – Joseph Szigeti gives the first performance of Alfredo Casella's Violin Concerto.
1932 – The Indian Air Force is established.
1939 – World War II: Germany annexes Western Poland.
1941 – World War II: The German invasion of the Soviet Union begins a new stage, The German invasion of the Soviet Union begins a new stage, with Hitler's forces capturing Mariupol. The Axis power reached the Sea of Azov.
1942 – The comedy duo Abbott and Costello debut a weekly radio show.
1944 – World War II: The Battle of Crucifix Hill occurs just outside Aachen. Capt. Bobbie Brown receives a Medal of Honor for his heroics in this battle.
1952 – The Harrow and Wealdstone rail crash kills 112 people.
1956 – New York Yankees's Don Larsen pitched the only perfect game in a World Series.
1962 – Spiegel scandal: Der Spiegel publishes the article "Bedingt abwehrbereit" ("Conditionally prepared for defense") about a NATO manoeuvre called "Fallex 62", which uncovered the sorry state of the Bundeswehr (Germany's army) facing the communist threat from the east at the time. The magazine is soon accused of treason.
1962 – Algeria joins the United Nations.
1967 – Guerrilla leader Che Guevara and his men are captured in Bolivia.
1967: A Bolivian guerrilla force led by Marxist revolutionary Che Guevara is defeated and captured in a skirmish with a special detachment of the Bolivian army. Guevara was wounded, and was executed the next day.
1968 – Vietnam War: Operation Sealords is launched in the Mekong Delta by U.S. and South Vietnamese forces.
forces launch a new operation in the Mekong Delta.
1969 – The opening rally of the Days of Rage occurs, organized by the Weather Underground in Chicago.
1970 – Vietnam War: In Paris, a Communist delegation rejects US President Richard Nixon's October 7 peace proposal as "a manoeuvre to deceive world opinion".
1973 – Yom Kippur War: Gabi Amir's armored brigade attacks Egyptian occupied positions on the Israeli side of the Suez Canal, in hope of driving them away. The attack fails, and over 150 Israeli tanks are destroyed.
1973 – Greek military junta of 1967–74: Junta strongman George Papadopoulos appoints Spyros Markezinis as Prime Minister of Greece with the task to lead Greece to parliamentary rule.
1974 – Franklin National Bank collapses due to fraud and mismanagement; at the time it is the largest bank failure in the history of the United States.
1978 – Australia's Ken Warby sets the current world water speed record of 317.60 mph at Blowering Dam, Australia.
1982 – Poland bans Solidarity and all trade unions.
1982 – Cats opens on Broadway and runs for nearly 18 years before closing on September 10, 2000.
1990 – Israeli–Palestinian conflict: In Jerusalem, Israeli police kill 17 Palestinians and wound over 100 near the Dome of the Rock mosque on the Temple Mount.
1991 – Croatia votes to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia, rendering the country fully independent.
1998: The U.S. House of Representatives votes to proceed toward impeaching President Bill Clinton on charges of perjury and obstruction of justice.
2001 – A twin engine Cessna and Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) jetliner collide in heavy fog during takeoff from Milan, Italy, killing 118 people.
2001 – U.S. President George W. Bush announces the establishment of the Office of Homeland Security.
2005 – Kashmir earthquake: Thousands of people are killed by a magnitude 7.6 earthquake in parts of Pakistan, India and Afghanistan.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Bridget, Princess of Nericia, Widow. Double.
Contemporary Western
Palatias and Laurentia
Pelagia
Pelagia
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
William Dwight Porter Bliss and Richard T. Ely (Episcopal Church)
Eastern Orthodox
October 8 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Venerable Pelagia the Penitent of the Mount of Olives (457)
Virgin-martyr Pelagia of Antioch (303)
Saint Thaïs (Taisia) of Egypt (4th century)
St. Anthony, archbishop of Novgorod (1232)
Saint Dositheus of Verkneostrov in Pskov (1482)
Saint Tryphon of Vyatka, abbot (1612)
New Monk-martyr Ignatius of Bulgaria and Mt. Athos, at Constantinople (1814)
New Hieromartyrs Jonah (Lazarev), bishop of Velizhsk, and companions (1937)
Demetrius (Dobroserdov), archbishop of Mozhaisk, and with him John the deacon,
Monk-martyrs Andrew and Pachomius, Nun-martyr Tatiana,
and Martyrs Nicholas, Maria and Nadezhda (1937)
Synaxis of the Saints of Vyatka.
Venerable Pelagia the Penitent of the Mount of Olives (457)
Virgin-martyr Pelagia of Antioch (303)
Saint Thaïs (Taisia) of Egypt (4th century)
St. Anthony, archbishop of Novgorod (1232)
Saint Dositheus of Verkneostrov in Pskov (1482)
Saint Tryphon of Vyatka, abbot (1612)
New Monk-martyr Ignatius of Bulgaria and Mt. Athos, at Constantinople (1814)
New Hieromartyrs Jonah (Lazarev), bishop of Velizhsk, and companions (1937)
Demetrius (Dobroserdov), archbishop of Mozhaisk, and with him John the deacon,
Monk-martyrs Andrew and Pachomius, Nun-martyr Tatiana,
and Martyrs Nicholas, Maria and Nadezhda (1937)
Synaxis of the Saints of Vyatka.
Coptic Orthodox
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