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473: Emperor Leo I acclaims his grandson Leo II as Caesar of the Byzantine Empire.
1147: Seljuk Turks completely annihilate German crusaders under Conrad III at the Battle of Dorylaeum.
1154: Henry II becomes King of England.
1415: During the Hundred Years' War between England and France, Henry V, the young king of England, leads his forces to victory at the Battle of Agincourt in northern France.
1616 – Dutch sea-captain Dirk Hartog makes second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, at the later-named Dirk Hartog Island off the West Australian coast.
1747: British fleet under Admiral Sir Edward Hawke defeats the French at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre.
1760: George III becomes King of Great Britain.
1764: Future President John Adams marries Abigail Smith. This devoted couple's prolific correspondence during their married life has provided entertainment and a glimpse of early American life for generations of history buffs.
1774: The First Continental Congress sends a respectful petition to King George III to inform his majesty that if it had not been for the acts of oppression forced upon the colonies by the British Parliament, the American people would be standing behind British rule.
1780 – John Hancock became the first Governor of Massachusetts.
1812 – War of 1812: The American frigate, USS United States, commanded by Stephen Decatur, captures the British frigate HMS Macedonian.
1822 – Greek War of Independence: The First Siege of Missolonghi begins.
1828 – St Katharine Docks open in London.
1853: Paiute Indians attack U.S. Army Captain John W. Gunnison and his party of 37 soldiers and railroad surveyors near Sevier Lake, Utah. Gunnison and seven other men were killed, but the survey party continued with its work and eventually reported its findings to the United States Congress.
1854: In an event alternately described as one of the most heroic or disastrous episodes in British military history, Lord James Cardigan leads a charge of the Light Brigade cavalry against well-defended Russian artillery during the Crimean War. The British were winning the Battle of Balaclava when Cardigan received his order to attack the Russians. His cavalry gallantly charged down the valley and were decimated by the heavy Russian guns, suffering 40 percent casualties. It was later revealed that the order was the result of confusion and was not given intentionally. Lord Cardigan, who survived the battle, was hailed as a national hero in Britain.
1861 – The Toronto Stock Exchange is created.
1861: Signaling an important shift in the history of naval warfare, the keel of the Union ironclad Monitor is laid at Greenpoint, New York.
1900 – The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal.
1916: French troops rejoice after recapturing Fort Douaumont, the preeminent fortress guarding the city of Verdun, under siege by the German army since the previous February.
1917 – Traditionally understood date of the October Revolution, involving the capture of the Winter Palace, Petrograd, Russia. The date refers to the Julian Calendar date, and corresponds with November 7 in the Gregorian calendar.
1920 – After 74 days on hunger strike in Brixton Prison, England, the Sinn Féin Lord Mayor of Cork, Terence MacSwiney dies.
1924 – The Zinoviev letter, which Zinoviev himself denied writing, is published in the Daily Mail. The Labour party would later blame this letter for the Conservatives' landslide election win.
1927 – The Italian luxury liner SS Principessa Mafalda sinks off the coast of Brazil, killing 314.
1929: During the Teapot Dome scandal, Albert B. Fall, who served as secretary of the interior in President Warren G. Harding's cabinet, is found guilty of accepting a bribe while in office. Fall was the first individual to be convicted of a crime committed while a presidential cabinet member.
1938 – The first scheduled transcontinental air travel begins.
1938 – The Archbishop of Dubuque, Francis J. L. Beckman, denounces swing music as "a degenerated musical system… turned loose to gnaw away at the moral fiber of young people", warning that it leads down a "primrose path to hell". His warning is widely ignored.
1940 – Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. is named the first African American general in the United States Army.
1944 – Heinrich Himmler orders a crackdown on the Edelweiss Pirates, a German youth group that opposed the Nazis, and had assisted army deserters and others to hide from the Third Reich.
1944 – The USS Tang under Richard O'Kane (the top American submarine captain of World War II) is sunk by the ship's own malfunctioning torpedo.
1944 – The Romanian city of Carei is liberated by Romanian and Soviet forces from Nazi-Hungarian occupation.
1944 – World War II: During the Battle of Leyte Gulf, the largest naval battle in history, which takes place in and around the Philippines between the Imperial Japanese Navy and the U.S. Third and U.S. Seventh Fleets, the Japanese deploy kamikaze ("divine wind") suicide bombers against American warships for the first time. It will prove costly--to both sides.
1945 – The Republic of China takes over administration of Taiwan following Japan's surrender to the Allies.
1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis: Adlai Stevenson shows photos at a meeting of the United Nations Security Council proving that Soviet missiles are installed in Cuba.
1962 – Uganda joins the United Nations.
1962 – Nelson Mandela is sentenced to five years in prison.
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| The Rolling Stones first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show |
1971: In a dramatic reversal of its long-standing commitment to the Nationalist Chinese government of Taiwan, and a policy of non-recognition of the communist People's Republic of China (PRC), America's U.N. representatives vote to seat the PRC as a permanent member. Over American objections, Taiwan was expelled.
1972: The White House orders a suspension of bombing above the 20th parallel as a signal of U.S. approval of recent North Vietnamese concessions at the secret peace talks in Paris.
1973: President Nixon vetoes the War Powers Resolution, which would limit presidential power to commit armed forces abroad without Congressional approval. Congress passed the law over Nixon's veto on November 7, 1973.
1973: U.S. intelligence officials report that since the cease-fire, North Vietnamese military presence in South Vietnam had been built up by 70,000 troops, 400 tanks, at least 200 artillery pieces, 15 anti-aircraft artillery, and 12 airfields. Intelligence reports also indicated that an all-weather road from North Vietnam to Tay Ninh province to the north of Saigon had been almost completed. The cease-fire had gone into effect on January 27 at midnight as part of the Paris Peace Accords. The provisions of the cease-fire left over 100,000 Communist troops in South Vietnam. The build-up of these forces did not bode well for the South Vietnamese because the fighting had continued after only a momentary lull when the cease-fire was instituted. Congress was cutting U.S. military aid to South Vietnam while the North Vietnamese forces in the south grew stronger.
1977 – Digital Equipment Corporation releases OpenVMS V1.0.
1980 – Proceedings on the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction conclude at The Hague.
1981: President Ronald Reagan, citing the threat posed to American nationals on the Caribbean nation of Grenada by that nation's Marxist regime, orders the Marines to invade and secure their safety. There were nearly 1,000 Americans in Grenada at the time, many of them students at the island's medical school. In little more than a week, Grenada's government was overthrown.
1983 – Operation Urgent Fury: The United States and its Caribbean allies the island nation of Grenada, six days after Prime Minister Maurice Bishop and several of his supporters are executed in a coup d'état. The reasoning for this impromptu invasion was the threat that the newly communist regime posed to American nationals on the island. 6,000 US troops including Marines, Rangers, and Special Forces were sent to Grenada.
1995 – A commuter train slams into a school bus in Fox River Grove, Illinois, killing seven students.
1997 – After a brief civil war which has driven President Pascal Lissouba out of Brazzaville, Denis Sassou Nguesso proclaims himself the President of the Republic of the Congo.
2001: Microsoft released the Windows XP operating system.
2004 – Cuban President Fidel Castro announces that transactions using the American Dollar will be banned.
2009 – The October 2009 Baghdad bombings kills 155 and wounds at least 721.
1997 – After a brief civil war which has driven President Pascal Lissouba out of Brazzaville, Denis Sassou Nguesso proclaims himself the President of the Republic of the Congo.
2001: Microsoft released the Windows XP operating system.
2004 – Cuban President Fidel Castro announces that transactions using the American Dollar will be banned.
2009 – The October 2009 Baghdad bombings kills 155 and wounds at least 721.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
John of Beverley, Archbishop of York, Confessor. Double.
Commemoration of SS. Chrysanthus and Daria, Martyrs.
Commemoration of SS. Chrysanthus and Daria, Martyrs.
Contemporary Western
Blessed Carlo Gnocchi
Blessed Thaddeus McCarthy
Crysanthus and Daria
Crispin and Crispinian
Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
Gaudentius of Brescia
Minias of Florence
Mar Nestorius
The Hallowing of Nestorius
Blessed Thaddeus McCarthy
Crysanthus and Daria
Crispin and Crispinian
Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
Gaudentius of Brescia
Minias of Florence
Mar Nestorius
The Hallowing of Nestorius
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Martyrs Marcian and Martyrius the notaries of Constantinople
Righteous Saint Tabitha, the widow raised from the dead by the Apostle Peter
Anastasius the Fuller at Salona in Dalmationa (304)
Righteous Saint Tabitha, the widow raised from the dead by the Apostle Peter
Anastasius the Fuller at Salona in Dalmationa (304)
Coptic Orthodox
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