284 – Diocletian is chosen as Roman emperor.
762 – During the An Shi Rebellion, the Tang dynasty, with the help of Huihe tribe, recaptures Luoyang from the rebels.
1194 – Palermo is conquered by Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor.
1407 – A truce between John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy and Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans is agreed upon under the auspices of John, Duke of Berry. Orléans would be assassinated three days later by Burgundy.
1620: Peregrine White was born aboard the Mayflower in Massachusetts Bay; he was the first child born of English parents in present-day New England.
1695 – Zumbi, the last of the leaders of Quilombo dos Palmares in early Brazil, is executed by the forces of Portuguese bandeirante Domingos Jorge Velho.
1739 – Start of the Battle of Porto Bello between British and Spanish forces during the War of Jenkins' Ear.
1776 – American Revolutionary War: British forces land at the Palisades and then attack Fort Lee. The Continental Army starts to retreat across New Jersey.
1789 – New Jersey becomes the first U.S. state to ratify the Bill of Rights.
1805 – Beethoven's only opera, Fidelio, premieres in Vienna.
1820 – The 238-ton American whaler Essex, which hailed from Nantucket, Massachusetts, was in pursuit of sperm whales, specifically the precious oil and bone that could be derived from them, when an enraged 80-ton bull whale rammed the ship twice and capsized the vessel 2,000 miles from the western coast of South America. Herman Melville's 1851 novel Moby-Dick is in part inspired by this story.
1845 – Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata: Battle of Vuelta de Obligado.
1861 – American Civil War: A secession ordinance is filed by Kentucky's Confederate government.
1914 – The State Department begins requiring photographs on passports.
1910 – Mexican Revolution: Francisco I. Madero issues the Plan de San Luis Potosí, denouncing Mexican President Porfirio Díaz, calling for a revolution to overthrow the government of Mexico, effectively starting the Mexican Revolution.
1917 – World War I: Battle of Cambrai begins: At dawn, six infantry and two cavalry divisions of the British Expeditionary Force, with additional support from 14 squadrons of the Royal Flying Corps, join the British Tank Corps in a surprise attack on the German lines near Cambrai, France. British forces make early progress but are later pushed back.
1917 – Ukraine is declared a republic.
1936 – José Antonio Primo de Rivera, founder of the Falange, is killed by a republican execution squad.
1940 – World War II: Hungary becomes a signatory of the Tripartite Pact, officially joining the Axis powers.
1943 – World War II: Battle of Tarawa (Operation Galvanic) begins: United States Marines land on Tarawa Atoll in the Gilbert Islands and suffer heavy fire from Japanese shore guns and machine guns.
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| 1945: Palace of Justice, Scene of Nuremberg Trials from whatwasthere.com |
1947: In a lavish wedding ceremony at Westminster Abbey in London, The Princess Elizabeth marries her distant cousin, Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten, a dashing former prince of Greece and Denmark who renounced his titles in order to marry the English princess. He becomes the Duke of Edinburgh.
1952 – Slánský trials: A series of Stalinist and anti-Semitic show trials in Czechoslovakia.
1959 – United Nations General Assembly adopts the Declaration of the Rights of the Child. The annual anniversary is observed as Universal Children's Day.
1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis ends: In response to the Soviet Union agreeing to remove its missiles from Cuba, U.S. President John F. Kennedy ends the quarantine of the Caribbean nation.
1962: President John F. Kennedy issues Executive Order 11063, which mandated an end to discrimination in housing. The order, which came during the burgeoning Civil Rights movement, prohibited federally funded housing agencies from denying housing or funding for housing to anyone based on their race, color, creed or national origin.
1968 – Farmington Mine disaster: Methane gas explosions at the Consolidated Coal Company’s No. 9 mine in Farmington, West Virginia killed 78 men. The damage to the mine was so extensive that it had to be sealed with the bodies of the men still inside.
1969 – Vietnam War: The Plain Dealer publishes explicit photographs of dead villagers from the My Lai Massacre in Vietnam.
1969 – Occupation of Alcatraz: Native American activists seize control of Alcatraz Island until being ousted by the U.S. Government on June 11, 1971.
1969: The Nixon administration announced a halt to residential use of the pesticide DDT as part of a total phaseout.
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Picture taken by astronaut Alan
L. Bean, Lunar Module pilot. See also Alan Bean's artwork: |
1974 – The United States Department of Justice files its final anti-trust suit against AT&T Corporation. This suit later leads to the breakup of AT&T and its Bell System.
1975 – Ronald Reagan announces his candidacy for Republican Presidential nominee.
1977 – Egyptian President Anwar Sadat became the first Arab leader to officially visit Israel, when he met Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin and speaks before the Knesset in Jerusalem, seeking a permanent peace settlement. text of speech
1979 – Grand Mosque seizure: About 200 Sunni Muslims revolt in Saudi Arabia at the site of the Kaaba in Mecca during the pilgrimage and take about 6000 hostages. The Saudi government receives help from Pakistani special forces to put down the uprising.
1980 – Lake Peigneur drains into an underlying salt deposit. A misplaced Texaco oil probe had been drilled into the Diamond Crystal Salt Mine, causing water to flow down into the mine, eroding the edges of the hole.
1982 – The General Union of Ecuadorian Workers (UGTE) is founded.
1985 – Microsoft Windows 1.0 is released.
1989 – Velvet Revolution: The number of protesters assembled in Prague, Czechoslovakia swells from 200,000 the day before to an estimated half-million.
1991 – An Azerbaijani MI-8 helicopter carrying 19 peacekeeping mission team with officials and journalists from Russia, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan is shot down by Armenian military forces in Khojavend District of Azerbaijan.
1992 – In England, a fire breaks out in Windsor Castle, badly damaging the castle and causing over £50 million worth of damage.
1993 – Savings and loan crisis: The United States Senate Ethics Committee issues a stern censure of California senator Alan Cranston for his "dealings" with savings-and-loan executive Charles Keating.
1994 – The Angolan government and UNITA rebels sign the Lusaka Protocol in Zambia, ending 19 years of civil war. (Localized fighting resumes the next year.)
1998 – A court in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan declares accused terrorist Osama bin Laden "a man without a sin" in regard to the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania.
1998 – The first module of the International Space Station, the Russian-built Zarya, or "Sunrise," module, also known as the functional cargo block (FGB), lifted off atop a Proton rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.
2001 – In Washington, D.C., U.S. President George W. Bush dedicates the United States Department of Justice headquarters building as the Robert F. Kennedy Justice Building, honoring the late Robert F. Kennedy on what would have been his 76th birthday.
2003 – After the November 15 bombings, a second day of the 2003 Istanbul bombings occurs in Istanbul, Turkey, destroying the Turkish head office of HSBC Bank AS and the British consulate.
2015 – Following a hostage siege, at least 19 people are killed in Bamako, Mali.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Edmund, King of the East Angles, Martyr. Greater Double.
Contemporary Western
Bernward of Hildesheim
Blessed Anacleto González Flores, José Sánchez del Río
and companions (Martyrs of Cristero War)
Edmund the Martyr
Blessed Josaphata Hordashevska (Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church)
Blessed Anacleto González Flores, José Sánchez del Río
and companions (Martyrs of Cristero War)
Edmund the Martyr
Blessed Josaphata Hordashevska (Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church)
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
November 20 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Forefeast of the Entry into the Temple of the Most Holy Theotokos
Martyr Dasius of Dorostolum, Romania (303)
Martyrs Eustathios the Deacon, Thespesios, and Anatolios, of Nicaea (312)
Martyrs of Persia, under Shapur II (343):
Hieromartyrs Nerses and Joseph, Bishops of Persia
Hieromartyrs John, Saverius and Isaac, Bishops of Persia (by stoning);
Hypatius (Papias) and Isaac, Presbyters (by beheading); and Jonam the ascetic.
Martyrs Geithazet the eunuch (Azades), Sasannis, Noelmaris and Zarouantinis,
lanced for refusing to sacrifice to the sun god of the Persians.
Virgin-martyrs Thekla, Bautha, Denachis, Tentis, Mama, Malachia, Anna, Nana,
Asti and Malach, by the sword, for refusing to worship the Persian fire god
Martyrs Bassus and 42 companions in Heraclea in Thrace
Saint Isaac, Bishop of Armenia (440)
Saint Proclus of Constantinople, Archbishop of Constantinople (447)
Venerable Gregory Decapolites (816)
Venerable Theoctistus the Confessor, Patrician (855)
Martyrs Octavius, Solutor and Adventor, patron-saints of Turin in Italy
where they were martyred (297)
Martyrs Ampelus and Gaius, in Messina in Sicily under Diocletian (c. 302)
Saint Maxentia, born in Ireland, she settled as an anchoress near Senlis in France,
where she was put to death at the place now called Pont-Sainte-Maxence.
Saint Benignus of Milan, Archbishop of Milan (c. 477)
Saint Silvester, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Saône in France (c. 525)
Saint Simplicius of Verona, Bishop of Verona in Italy (c. 535)
Saint Eval (Uvol, Urfol), a Bishop in Cornwall (6th century)
Saint Autbodus (Autbod), born in Ireland, he preached in Artois, Hainault,
and Picardy in the north of France and Belgium (690)
Saint Eudo (Eudon, Eudes Odo), a monk at Lérins Abbey in France, he founded
the monastery of Corméry-en-Velay (Charmillac), later called Saint-Chaffre (c. 760)
Saint Edmund the Martyr, King of East Anglia (869)
Saint Leo of Nonantula, monk and abbot of Nonantola Abbey near Modena in Italy (1000)
Saint Bernward of Hildesheim, Bishop of Hildesheim in Germany (1022)
Saint Sozomenos, Bishop of Karpaseia in Cyprus, and Wonderworker (12th century)
Venerable Diodorus of George Hill, Solovki, Abbot of Yuregorsk (1633)
New Hieromartyrs (1937):
Macarius (Karmazin), Bishop of Ekaterinoslav,
Alexis Nikatov, Alexander Sakharov, and Vladimir Medvediuk, protoprebysters;
and John, Alexis, Basil, Nicholas, John, Emilian, Nicholas, Priests
Hieromartyrs Arsenius, Eutychius and Hilarion
Woman Hieromartyr Ioannikia, Hegumenia (Abbess)
New Woman Hieromartyr Tatiana (after 1937)
Martyrs Eustathios the Deacon, Thespesios, and Anatolios, of Nicaea (312)
Martyrs of Persia, under Shapur II (343):
Hieromartyrs Nerses and Joseph, Bishops of Persia
Hieromartyrs John, Saverius and Isaac, Bishops of Persia (by stoning);
Hypatius (Papias) and Isaac, Presbyters (by beheading); and Jonam the ascetic.
Martyrs Geithazet the eunuch (Azades), Sasannis, Noelmaris and Zarouantinis,
lanced for refusing to sacrifice to the sun god of the Persians.
Virgin-martyrs Thekla, Bautha, Denachis, Tentis, Mama, Malachia, Anna, Nana,
Asti and Malach, by the sword, for refusing to worship the Persian fire god
Martyrs Bassus and 42 companions in Heraclea in Thrace
Saint Isaac, Bishop of Armenia (440)
Saint Proclus of Constantinople, Archbishop of Constantinople (447)
Venerable Gregory Decapolites (816)
Venerable Theoctistus the Confessor, Patrician (855)
where they were martyred (297)
Martyrs Ampelus and Gaius, in Messina in Sicily under Diocletian (c. 302)
Saint Maxentia, born in Ireland, she settled as an anchoress near Senlis in France,
where she was put to death at the place now called Pont-Sainte-Maxence.
Saint Benignus of Milan, Archbishop of Milan (c. 477)
Saint Silvester, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Saône in France (c. 525)
Saint Simplicius of Verona, Bishop of Verona in Italy (c. 535)
Saint Eval (Uvol, Urfol), a Bishop in Cornwall (6th century)
Saint Autbodus (Autbod), born in Ireland, he preached in Artois, Hainault,
and Picardy in the north of France and Belgium (690)
Saint Eudo (Eudon, Eudes Odo), a monk at Lérins Abbey in France, he founded
the monastery of Corméry-en-Velay (Charmillac), later called Saint-Chaffre (c. 760)
Saint Edmund the Martyr, King of East Anglia (869)
Saint Leo of Nonantula, monk and abbot of Nonantola Abbey near Modena in Italy (1000)
Saint Bernward of Hildesheim, Bishop of Hildesheim in Germany (1022)
Venerable Diodorus of George Hill, Solovki, Abbot of Yuregorsk (1633)
Macarius (Karmazin), Bishop of Ekaterinoslav,
Alexis Nikatov, Alexander Sakharov, and Vladimir Medvediuk, protoprebysters;
and John, Alexis, Basil, Nicholas, John, Emilian, Nicholas, Priests
Hieromartyrs Arsenius, Eutychius and Hilarion
Woman Hieromartyr Ioannikia, Hegumenia (Abbess)
New Woman Hieromartyr Tatiana (after 1937)
Coptic Orthodox
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