________
1192 – Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the de facto ruler of Japan. (Traditional Japanese date: July 12, 1192)
1264 Kublai Khan accepts the surrender of his younger brother Ariq Böke at Xanadu, at the end of the Mongol civil war.
1321 160 Jews of Chincon France, burned at stake
1331 – King Stefan Uroš III, after months of anarchy, surrenders to his son and rival Stefan Dušan, who succeeds as King of Serbia.
1541 Ottoman Turks under Suleiman the Magnificent capture Buda, the capital of the Hungarian Kingdom and go on to dominate central Hungary for 150 years.
1560 Future Danish astronomer 14-year-old Tycho Brahe becomes interested in astronomy after observing a solar eclipse.
1573 Spain begin siege of Alkmaar in the Netherlands.
1598 -22] Deed of Transfers proclaims Netherlands independence.
1673 Sea battle at Kijkduin: De Ruyter defeats English & French fleet.
1673 King Louis XIV donates 600 books to found the library of L'Académie française.
1680 – Pueblo Indians capture Santa Fe from the Spanish during the Pueblo Revolt.
1689 – The Battle of Dunkeld fought in Scotland between supporters of King James VII of Scotland and troops of William of Orange
1703 The Edirne Event: Turkish army removes Sultan Mustafa II, lessening the power of the sultans.
1718 Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI, Turkey and Venice sign peace treaty.
1760 The church (later cathedral) of "Our Lady of Candlemas of Mayagüez (Puerto Rico)" is founded, establishing the basis for the founding of the city.
1770 – James Cook formally claims eastern Australia for Great Britain, naming it New South Wales.
1772 – King Gustav III completes his coup d'état by adopting a new Constitution, ending 50 years of parliamentary rule in Sweden and installing himself as an enlightened despot.
1778 – American Revolutionary War: British forces begin besieging the French outpost at Pondichéry.
1781 Jury in Sheffield, Massachusetts, grants two slaves Bett (later Elizabeth Freeman) and Bron their freedom after Freeman brings the case to court.
1808 – Battle of Vimeiro: British and Portuguese forces led by General Arthur Wellesley defeat French force under Major-General Jean-Andoche Junot near the village of Vimeiro, Portugal, the first Anglo-Portuguese victory of the Peninsular War.
1810 – Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, Marshal of France, is elected Crown Prince of Sweden by the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates.
1821 – Jarvis Island is discovered by the crew of the ship, Eliza Frances.
1831: Nat Turner led black slaves and free blacks in a violent rebellion in Virginia resulting in the deaths of at least 55 white people. (He was later executed.)
1841 John Hampton patents venetian blind.
1842 The city of Hobart, Tasmania, is founded.
1852 – Tlingit Indians destroy Fort Selkirk, Yukon Territory.
1856 America's first consul to Japan, Townsend Harris, arrives in Shimoda. (Traditional Japanese date: July 21, 1856)
1858 1st Lincoln-Douglas debate in Illinois
1862 The Vienna Stadtpark opens its gates.
1863 – Lawrence, Kansas is destroyed by Confederate guerrillas Quantrill's Raiders in the Lawrence Massacre.
1864 Battle at Globe Tavern, Virginia, ends after 2500 casualties.
1864 Battle of Grubbs Crossroads, Kentucky.
1864 Battle of Summit Point, Virginia.
1864 Major General Nathan B. Forrest's assault on Memphis, Tennessee.
1878 American Bar Association organizes at Sarasota, NY.
1883 – An F5 tornado strikes Rochester, Minnesota, leading to the creation of the Mayo Clinic.
1888 – The first successful adding machine in the United States is patented by William Seward Burroughs.
1891 Dutch Mackay government resigns
1897 – Oldsmobile, a brand of American automobiles, is ffirst manufactured by Olds Motor Vehicle Co. in Lansing, Michigan.
1901 – The International Secretariat of National Trade Union Centres is founded in Copenhagen.
1911 – Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” was stolen from the Louvre Museum in Paris by a Louvre employee. It remained missing for two years.
1912 Francis Carter-Cotton chosen 1st chancellor of University of British Columbia.
1914 – World War I: The Battle of Charleroi, a successful German attack across the River Sambre which pre-empted a French offensive in the same area.
1914 Belgium: German troops occupy Tamines.
1914 French offensive in the Ardennen/Sambre.
1915 Italy declares war on Turkey in World War One.
1916 Sir Roger Casement, an Ulster Protestant and ardent Irish nationalist, arrested by the British.
1918 – World War I: The Second Battle of the Somme begins.
1926 -22] Uprising against Greek president and dictator Pangalos.
1927 4th Pan-African Congress meets (NYC).
1930 Prohibition of Wieringermeer finished
1931 Yankees slugger Babe Ruth becomes the first MLB player to hit 600 career home runs as NY defeats St. Louis Browns, 11-7 at Sportsman's Park
1932 Wes Ferrell is 1st to win 20 games in each of his 1st 4 seasons
1938 Italy bars all Jewish teachers in Public & High School.
1942 Walt Disney's animated movie "Bambi", based on the book by Felix Salten, is released.
1942 – World War II: The Guadalcanal Campaign: American forces defeat an attack by Imperial Japanese Army soldiers in the Battle of the Tenaru.
1942 Transport #22 departs with French Jews to nazi-Germany.
1943 Gromyko named USSR-ambassador in Washington.
1943 Japan leaves Aleutian Islands.
1944 Germans storm up Hill 262 (Mont Ormel) Normandy.
1944 Grieg, Wright and Forrest's musical "Song of Norway" premieres in NYC.
1944 Raid on Jewish children's house in Secrétan/St-Mandé.
1944 US 12nd Army Corps occupies Sens.
1944 – Dumbarton Oaks Conference, prelude to the United Nations, begins.
1944 – World War II: Canadian and Polish units capture the strategically important town of Falaise, Calvados, France.
1945 – Physicist Harry K. Daghlian, Jr. is fatally irradiated in a criticality accident during an experiment with the Demon core at Los Alamos National Laboratory.
1945 US President Harry Truman ends Lend-Lease program.
1953 Sultan Sidi Mohammed Am Joessoef V of Morocco deposed
1954: The Ainsworth Unit of the Pick Sloan program was approved in Nebraska. The Ainsworth Unit includes Merritt Dam and Reservoir, the Ainsworth Canal, a system of laterals and surface and subsurface drains.
1955 Emmett Till arrives in Money, Mississippi, a week before he is murdered.
1956 WTVW TV channel 7 in Evansville, IN (ABC) begins broadcasting
1957 – The Soviet Union successfully conducts a long-range test flight of the R-7 Semyorka, the first intercontinental ballistic missile.
1958 KUT-FM in Austin Texas begins radio transmissions
1959 – United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs an executive order proclaiming Hawaii the 50th state of the union. Hawaii's admission is currently commemorated by Hawaii Admission Day.
1961 – Motown releases what would be its first #1 hit, "Please Mr. Postman" by The Marvelettes.
1961 Kenyan political activist Jomo Kenyatta released from jail after 9 years. Imprisoned during 1952 Mau Mau rebellion with other nationalist leaders by British authorities.
1961 American country singer Patsy Cline records then-struggling songwriter Willie Neslon's song "Crazy", in Nashville, Tennessee
1963 – Martial law declared in South Vietnam, following Xá Lợi Pagoda raids. The Army of the Republic of Vietnam Special Forces loyal to Ngo Dinh Nhu, brother of President Ngo Dinh Diem, vandalizes Buddhist pagodas across the country, arresting thousands and leaving an estimated hundreds dead.
1965 Gemini 5 launched into Earth orbit (2 astronauts)
1965 Romania adopts constitution
1966 1st concert at Busch Memorial Stadium: (St. Louis, Missouri): The Beatles headline; it is their second show of the day, having played in the afternoon 341 miles away in Cincinnati, Ohio after getting rained out on the night before.
1967 China reports downing of 2 US bombers.
1967 Liquid gas tanker explodes in Martelange Belgium, 22 killed.
1967 Mikis Theodorakis arrested in Greece.
1968 After 5 years Soviet Union once again jams Voice of America radio.
1968 Democratic Convention opens in Chicago, goes on to nominate Hubert Humphrey.
1968 Warsaw Pact forces complete their invasion of Czechoslovakia by arresting the Czech leader Alexander Dubček and forcing him to sign the Moscow Protocols.
1968 – PFC James Anderson, Jr. posthumously receives the first Medal of Honor to be awarded to an African American U.S. Marine. (Vietnam War).
1968 William Dana reaches 80 km (last high-altitude X-15 flight).
1969 First Gap clothing store opens in Ocean Avenue, San Francisco.
1969 – An Australian, Denis Michael Rohan, sets the Al-Aqsa Mosque on fire, a major catalyst of the formation of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.
1970 The Social and Democratic Labour Party (SDLP) is established with Gerry Fitt as the first leader of the party.
1972 1st hot air balloon flight over Alps.
1972 British dock strike ends after dockers accept an amended Jones-Adlington Agreement.
1972 Grace Slick maced by police when a band official called cops, pigs.
1972 Republican convention opens in Miami Beach.
1972 US orbiting astronomy observatory Copernicus launched.
1975 3 truck pile up kills 10, injures 26 on French highway.
1975 US lightens trade embargo against Cuba.
1976 Battle, East Sussex: Mary Langdon becomes 1st British firewoman
1976 – "Operation Paul Bunyan" begins in retaliation for the "Korean axe murder incident" 3 days prior. 110 troops, 27 helicopters, 3 B-52 bombers are deployed to the Korean Demilitarized Zone to cut down a poplar blocking the view of UN observers at Panmunjom, South Korea.
1979 – Russian Bolshoi Ballet dancer Alexander Godunov defects in NYC; joins the American Ballet Theatre, and works as a film actor.
1980 People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) founded in a basement office in Takoma Park, Maryland.
1982 – Lebanese Civil War: The first troops of a multinational force lands in Beirut to oversee the Palestine Liberation Organization's withdrawal from Lebanon.
1982 American MLB Milwaukee Brewers' relief pitcher Rollie Fingers becomes 1st pitcher to get save #300.
1983 Jerry Herman's musical "La Cage aux Folles", based Jean Poiret's French play of the same name, opens at Palace Theater, NYC; runs for 1761 performances, wins 6 Tony Awards.
1983 110°F (43°C) at Fayetteville, North Carolina (state record).
1983 – Philippine opposition leader Benigno Aquino, Jr. is assassinated at the Manila International Airport (now renamed Ninoy Aquino International Airport).
1984 – Victoria Roche is the first girl to compete in a Little League World Series game.
1985 Mary Decker Slaney runs mile in world record 4:16.71.
1985 NY Lotto pays $41 million to three winner (#s are 14-17-22-23-30-47).
1986 Stephen Schwartz and Charles Strouse's musical "Rags" opens at Mark Hellinger Theater, NYC; runs for 4 performances, receives 6 Tony Award nominations.
1986 – Carbon dioxide gas erupts from volcanic Lake Nyos in Cameroon, killing up to 1,800 people within a 20-kilometer range.
1986 Red Sox Spike Owens scores 6 runs in a 24-5 rout of Cleveland Indians.
1986 Surinames Ronnie Brunswijks Jungle commandos kill 2 government officials.
1987 Clayton Lonetree, 1st US marine court-martialed for spying, convicted.
1987 "Dirty Dancing" film directed by Emile Ardolino, starring Patrick Swayze and Jennifer Grey opens in the US.
1989 Voyager 2 begins a flyby of planet Neptunem
1991 – Latvia declares renewal of its full independence after the occupation of Soviet Union.
1991 – Conservative coup attempt against Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union is crushed by popular resistance led by Boris Yeltsin in three days.
1992 – US Marshals move in on Randy Weaver's cabin in Ruby Ridge, Idaho to apprehend him on firearms charges; an 11 day stand-off ensues
1993 – NASA loses contact with the Mars Observer spacecraft.
1994 -23] Typhoon Fred ravages Chinese county Zhejiang, 700+ killed.
1994 Ernesto Zedillo wins Mexican presidential election.
1994 Royal Air Maroc ATR-42 crash down at Agadir, 44 killed.
1994 The last French troops pull out of Rwanda, ending their highly controversial mission there.
1995 Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 529 crashes near Carrollton, Georgia, killing 9 crew and passengers.
1996 Revival of Eugene O'Neill's' drama "Hughie", directed by Al Pacino, and starring Pacino and Paul Benedict, opens at Circle in the Square Theater, NYC; runs for 56 performances.
1996 In Venezuela, a subsidiary of state-owned Petroleos de Venezuela (PdVSA), Corpoven, signs a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with U.S.-based ARCO.
1997 Typhoon Winnie kills 140, injures 3,000 in East China.
1997 US government forces closure of Hudson Foods due to E Coli break out.
1998 P. W. Botha found guilty of contempt for repeatedly ignoring subpoenas to testify before South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
2001 – NATO decides to send a peace-keeping force to the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.
2001 – The Red Cross announces that a famine is striking Tajikistan, and calls for international financial aid for Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.
2001 "How You Remind Me" single released by Nickelback (Billboard Song of the Year 2002).
2007 Hurricane Dean makes its first landfall in Costa Maya, Mexico with winds at 165 mph. Dean is the first storm since Hurricane Andrew to make landfall as a Category 5.
2012 20 people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo die from the Ebola virus.
2013 37 people are killed and 16 are injured in a bus crash near Chin Swee Temple, Malaysia.
2013 21 people are killed in flash floods in Qinghai province, China.
2014 Israeli airstrike in Rafah kills Mohammed Abu Shammala, Raed al Atar and Mohammed Barhoum - 3 of Hamas's top commanders.
2015 Terrorist attack on train between Amsterdam and Paris thwarted by 4 passengers overpowering gunman.
2015 After 108 years a "message in a bottle" put in the sea by UK Marine Biological Association is announced found on a beach in Amrum, Germany.
2015 1st British unmanned drone hit on a UK citizen outside a conflict - ISIS fighter Reyaad Khan in Raqqa, Syria.
2015 European Refugee Crisis: Germany makes it easier for Syrian refugees to claim asylum by suspending their Dublin Regulations.
2017 Total solar eclipse visible from North America.
2017 London's parliament clock Big Ben chimes for the last time before a four-year restoration process for its tower starts.
2017 Destroyer USS John S McCain collides with an oil tanker near Singapore leaving 10 missing and 5 injured.
2017 Johnson & Johnson ordered to pay $417m to woman who developed ovarian cancer after using their talc-based products.
2017 Chile's constitutional court approves bill to ease country's total abortion ban.
2018 Michael Cohen, President Trump's personal lawyer, pleads guilty to charges including illegal payment at direction of Trump to women Trump had affairs with.
2018 Australian PM Malcolm Turnbull calls for and wins a leadership vote 43-35 over Home Affairs Minister Peter Dutton.
2018 Paul Manafort, former Trump campaign chairman, is convicted on eight counts of fraud in a federal court in Alexandria, Virginia.
2018 Water-ice first detected on the Moon by India's Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft (2008-9) in findings published by scientists.
2018 Californian Representative Duncan Hunter indicted for using campaign funds for personal expenses including holidays and flight for a pet rabbit.
2019 German Chancellor challenges British PM Boris Johnson to find a solution to a no-deal Brexit in 30 days at their meeting in Berlin.
2019 74,155 fires caused by land clearing are burning in the Amazon rain forest, the most ever recorded, according the Brazil's National Institute for Space Research.
2019 US President Donald Trump says Danish PM Mette Frederiksen was "nasty" to him over his interest in buying Greenland and cancels his trip to Denmark.
2019 Nigeria goes three years without a case of polio in landmark toward eradication of the disease.
2020 American actress Lori Loughlin sentenced to two months in prison along with her husband for her role in US college admissions bribery scandal.
2021 Flash flooding in Humphreys County, Middle Tennessee, kills 22 with dozens missing.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Jeanne Frances Fremiot de Chantal, Widow. Double.
Commemoration of the Octave of the Assumption.
Commemoration of the Octave of the Assumption.
Contemporary Western
Euprepius of Verona
Maximilian of Antioch
Our Lady of Knock
Pope Pius X
Sidonius Apollinaris
Maximilian of Antioch
Our Lady of Knock
Pope Pius X
Sidonius Apollinaris
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
August 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Afterfeast of the Dormition
Holy Forefathers Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (ca. 2000 BC)
Apostle Thaddeus of Edessa, one of the Seventy Apostles (44)
Martyr Bassa of Edessa and her sons Theognius, Agapius, and Pistus (305-311)
Saint Sarmean, Catholicos of Kartli, Georgia (774)
Saint Theocleta the Wonderworker, of Asia Minor (840)
Hieromartyrs Romulus, Priest, and the Deacons Donatus and Silvanus,
and Martyr Venustus (Romania)
Venerable Alexander of Iconium
Saint Euprepius of Verona, first Bishop of Verona in the north of Italy (1st century)
Saint Cyriaca (Dominica), a wealthy widow in Rome (249)
she sheltered persecuted Orthodox Christians
Saint Paternus, born in Alexandria, he came to Rome, was arrested in Fondi
and was martyred for Orthodoxy there (c. 255)
Saint Privatus, Bishop of Mende in France (260)
Saint Anastasius, a military tribune converted to Orthodoxy on seeing the courage
of the young St Agapitus, in Salone, Italy (274)
Saint Quadratus, a Bishop of Utica in North Africa who taught both clergy and laity
to confess Christ (3rd century)
Martyrs Luxorius, Cisellus and Camerinus, martyrs in Sardinia
beheaded under Diocletian (303)
Saint Sidonius Apollinaris, Bishop of Clermont in France (c. 423-480)
Saint Leontius the Elder, Bishop of Bordeaux in France and the predecessor
of St Leontius the Younger (c. 541)
Saint Avitus I, Bishop of Clermont, Gaul (594)
Saint Eardwulf of Northumbria (Hardulph of Breedon) (c. 808)
Saint Abramius the Lover-of-labor of the Kiev Caves
Saint Abramius of Smolensk, Archimandrite, Wonderworker of Smolensk (1220),
and his disciple St. Ephraim (1238) Abraham of Smolensk
Saint Isaiah of Mt. Athos (14th century)
Saint Cornelius, founder and abbot of Paleostrov Monastery (Palei Island,
Valaam, Karelia) (1420), and his disciple St. Abramius (15th century)
New Hieromartyr Symeon, Bishop of Samokovo, Bulgaria (1737)
Saint Martha (Milyukova), schemanun of Diveyevo (1829)
New Hieromartyr Alexander Yelokhovsky, Priest of Yaroslavl-Rostov (1918)
New Hieromartyr Paul Yagodinsky, Priest of Yaransk (1937)
New Hieromartyr Raphael, Abbot of Sisatovac Monastery, Serbia (1941)
New Hieromartyr Ignatius (Dalanov), Hieromonk of Optina Monastery (1942)
Translation of the relics (1953) of Saint Nectarius (Kephalas),
Metropolitan of Pentapolis (North Africa) (1920)
Commemoration of Hieromonk John (Kotlyarevsky) at Poltava (1951)
Afterfeast of the Dormition
Holy Forefathers Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (ca. 2000 BC)
Apostle Thaddeus of Edessa, one of the Seventy Apostles (44)
Martyr Bassa of Edessa and her sons Theognius, Agapius, and Pistus (305-311)
Saint Sarmean, Catholicos of Kartli, Georgia (774)
Saint Theocleta the Wonderworker, of Asia Minor (840)
Hieromartyrs Romulus, Priest, and the Deacons Donatus and Silvanus,
and Martyr Venustus (Romania)
Venerable Alexander of Iconium
Saint Euprepius of Verona, first Bishop of Verona in the north of Italy (1st century)
Saint Cyriaca (Dominica), a wealthy widow in Rome (249)
she sheltered persecuted Orthodox Christians
Saint Paternus, born in Alexandria, he came to Rome, was arrested in Fondi
and was martyred for Orthodoxy there (c. 255)
Saint Privatus, Bishop of Mende in France (260)
Saint Anastasius, a military tribune converted to Orthodoxy on seeing the courage
of the young St Agapitus, in Salone, Italy (274)
Saint Quadratus, a Bishop of Utica in North Africa who taught both clergy and laity
to confess Christ (3rd century)
Martyrs Luxorius, Cisellus and Camerinus, martyrs in Sardinia
beheaded under Diocletian (303)
Saint Sidonius Apollinaris, Bishop of Clermont in France (c. 423-480)
Saint Leontius the Elder, Bishop of Bordeaux in France and the predecessor
of St Leontius the Younger (c. 541)
Saint Avitus I, Bishop of Clermont, Gaul (594)
Saint Eardwulf of Northumbria (Hardulph of Breedon) (c. 808)
Saint Abramius the Lover-of-labor of the Kiev Caves
Saint Abramius of Smolensk, Archimandrite, Wonderworker of Smolensk (1220),
and his disciple St. Ephraim (1238) Abraham of Smolensk
Saint Isaiah of Mt. Athos (14th century)
Saint Cornelius, founder and abbot of Paleostrov Monastery (Palei Island,
Valaam, Karelia) (1420), and his disciple St. Abramius (15th century)
New Hieromartyr Symeon, Bishop of Samokovo, Bulgaria (1737)
Saint Martha (Milyukova), schemanun of Diveyevo (1829)
New Hieromartyr Alexander Yelokhovsky, Priest of Yaroslavl-Rostov (1918)
New Hieromartyr Paul Yagodinsky, Priest of Yaransk (1937)
New Hieromartyr Raphael, Abbot of Sisatovac Monastery, Serbia (1941)
New Hieromartyr Ignatius (Dalanov), Hieromonk of Optina Monastery (1942)
Translation of the relics (1953) of Saint Nectarius (Kephalas),
Metropolitan of Pentapolis (North Africa) (1920)
Commemoration of Hieromonk John (Kotlyarevsky) at Poltava (1951)
Coptic Orthodox
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