Events
338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.
216 BC – Second Punic War: Battle of Cannae: The Carthaginian army led by Hannibal defeats a numerically superior Roman army under command of consuls Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro.
461 – Majorian is arrested near Tortona (Northern Italy) and deposed by the Suebian general Ricimer as puppet emperor.
1274 – Edward I of England returns from the Ninth Crusade and is crowned King seventeen days later.
1343 – Olivier de Clisson is found guilty of treason and beheaded at Les Halles in Paris. As a result, his wife, Jeanne de Clisson, sold their holding, bought a fleet of ships, and took to the sea as a pirate to seek revenge against King Philip VI of France and the nobility.
1377 – Russian troops are defeated in the Battle on Pyana River.
1610 – Henry Hudson sails into what is now known as Hudson Bay thinking he had made it through the Northwest Passage and reached the Pacific Ocean.
1776 – The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence took place.
1790 – The first United States Census is officially completed. It tallied 3.9 million residents.
1798 – French Revolutionary Wars: The Battle of the Nile concludes in a British victory.
1830 – Charles X of France abdicates the throne in favor of his grandson Henri.
1869 – Japan's samurai, farmer, artisan, merchant class system (Shinōkōshō) is abolished as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms. (Traditional Japanese date: June 25, 1869).
1870 – Tower Subway, the world's first underground tube railway, opens in London, England, United Kingdom.
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1876 – Famous gunslinger Wild Bill Hickok was murdered in Deadwood, South Dakota by Jack McCall.
1897 – Anglo-Afghan War: The Siege of Malakand ends when a relief column is able to reach the British garrison in the Malakand states adjacent to India's North West Frontier Province.
1903 – Fall of the Ottoman Empire: An unsuccessful uprising led by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization against Ottoman Turkey, also known as the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising, takes place.
1909 – The first Lincoln penny is introduced in the U.S.
1916 – World War I: Austrian sabotage causes the sinking of the Italian battleship Leonardo da Vinci in Taranto.
1918 – Japan announces that it is deploying troops to Siberia in the aftermath of World War I.
1918 – The first general strike in Canadian history takes place in Vancouver.
1922 – A typhoon hits Shantou, Republic of China killing more than 50,000 people.
1923 – Vice President Calvin Coolidge becomes U.S. President upon the death of President Warren G. Harding.
1932 – The positron (antiparticle of the electron) is discovered by Carl D. Anderson.
1934 – Gleichschaltung: Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of Germany following the death of President Paul von Hindenburg.
1937 – The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 is passed in America, the effect of which is to render marijuana and all its by-products illegal.
1939 – Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard write a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt, urging him to begin the Manhattan Project to develop a nuclear weapon.
1939 – US Hatch Act is enacted and prohibits political activity by federal workers.
1943 – Rebellion in the Nazi death camp of Treblinka.
1943 – World War II: The Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 is rammed by the Japanese destroyer Amagiri and sinks. Lt. John F. Kennedy, future U.S. President, saves all but two of his crew.
1944 – ASNOM: Birth of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, celebrated as Day of the Republic in the Republic of Macedonia.
1944 – World War II: The largest trade convoy of the world wars arrives safely in the Western Approaches.
1945 – World War II: End of the Potsdam Conference.
1947 – A British South American Airways Avro Lancastrian airliner crashes into a mountain during a flight from Buenos Aires, Argentina to Santiago, Chile. The wreckage would not be found until 1998.
1964 – Vietnam War: Gulf of Tonkin incident: North Vietnamese gunboats allegedly fire on the U.S. destroyer USS Maddox.
1968 – An earthquake hits Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines killing more than 270 people and wounding 261.
1973 – A flash fire kills 51 at the Summerland amusement centre at Douglas, Isle of Man.
1980 – Bologna massacre: A terrorist bombing of the Central Station at Bologna, Italy, kills 85 people and wounds more than 200.
1985 – Delta Air Lines Flight 191, a Lockheed L-1011 TriStar, crashes at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport killing 137.
1989 – Pakistan is re-admitted to the Commonwealth of Nations after having restored democracy for the first time since 1972.
1990 – Iraq invades Kuwait, seizing control of the oil-rich emirate. The Iraqis were later driven out in Operation Desert Storm during the First Golf War.
1996 – Dream Team III, the all-star U.S. men’s basketball team, beats Yugoslavia 95-69 to win the gold medal in Atlanta.
1998 – The Second Congo War begins.
2005 – Air France Flight 358 crashes at Pearson Airport in Toronto; all passengers and crew survive.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Alphonsus Mary de' Liguori, Bishop of Santa-Agata-de'-Goti,
Confessor, and Doctor of the Church. double.
Commemoration of St. Stephen, Pope of Rome, and Martyr.
Confessor, and Doctor of the Church. double.
Commemoration of St. Stephen, Pope of Rome, and Martyr.
Contemporary Western
Blessed Justin Russolillo
Eusebius of Vercelli
Peter Faber
Peter Julian Eymard
Pope Stephen I
Our Lady of the Angels of the Portiuncula (Franciscan Order)
Eusebius of Vercelli
Peter Faber
Peter Julian Eymard
Pope Stephen I
Our Lady of the Angels of the Portiuncula (Franciscan Order)
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
August 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Hieromartyr Stephen, Pope of Rome, and Companions (257)
Saint Phocas.
Saint Friardus of Vindumitta in Gaul (c. 577)
Martyr Rutilius (250)
Saint Maximus of Padua, successor of St Prosdocimus
as Bishop of Padua in Italy, Wonderworker (2nd century)
Saint Auspicius, the first Bishop of Apt in France (pre-4th century)
Saint Eusebius of Vercelli, Bishop of Vercelli in Piedmont in Italy (371)
Saint Sidwell (Sativola), a Briton from the West of England near Exeter,
she was beheaded as a martyr, by a scythe (6th century)
Saint Boetharius (Betharius, Bethaire), Bishop of Chartres in France,
he was present at the Council of Sens (623)
Saint Etheldritha (Alfreda), daughter of King Offa of Mercia,
an anchoress at Crowland in Lincolnshire in England (c. 835)
Saint Plegmund, the tutor of King Alfred and twentieth Archbishop of Canterbury (914)
Hieromartyr Stephen, Pope of Rome, and Companions (257)
Saint Phocas.
Saint Friardus of Vindumitta in Gaul (c. 577)
Martyr Rutilius (250)
Saint Maximus of Padua, successor of St Prosdocimus
as Bishop of Padua in Italy, Wonderworker (2nd century)
Saint Auspicius, the first Bishop of Apt in France (pre-4th century)
Saint Eusebius of Vercelli, Bishop of Vercelli in Piedmont in Italy (371)
Saint Sidwell (Sativola), a Briton from the West of England near Exeter,
she was beheaded as a martyr, by a scythe (6th century)
Saint Boetharius (Betharius, Bethaire), Bishop of Chartres in France,
he was present at the Council of Sens (623)
Saint Etheldritha (Alfreda), daughter of King Offa of Mercia,
an anchoress at Crowland in Lincolnshire in England (c. 835)
Saint Plegmund, the tutor of King Alfred and twentieth Archbishop of Canterbury (914)
Venerable Fotou the Cypriot (Photini the Cypriot), the Wonderworker.
Blessed Basil of Kamenny Monastery, Lake Kubenskoye, Vologda (1472)
Saint Marco of Belavinsk, in Vologda (1492)
Blessed Basil of Moscow, Fool-for-Christ (1552)
New Martyr Theodore of the Dardanelles (1690)
Saint Alexis Medvedkov of France (1934)
Translation of the relics (415) of the Righteous Nicodemus,
Gamaliel, and Abibus, of Jerusalem (1st century)
Translation of the relics from Jerusalem to Constantinople (428)
of Protomartyr and Archdeacon Stephen (34)
Translation of the relics of Martyrs Dada, Maximus, and Quintilian,
at Dorostolum in Moesia (286)
Consecration of the Church of St. John the Theologian,
near the Holy Great Church in Constantinople.
Repose of the pious Emperor Justinian II, Fool-for-Christ,
interred in the Church of the Holy Apostles.
Repose of Hieromonk Peter (Seregin), spiritual father of Pühtitsa Convent, Estonia (1982)
Blessed Basil of Kamenny Monastery, Lake Kubenskoye, Vologda (1472)
Saint Marco of Belavinsk, in Vologda (1492)
Blessed Basil of Moscow, Fool-for-Christ (1552)
New Martyr Theodore of the Dardanelles (1690)
Saint Alexis Medvedkov of France (1934)
Translation of the relics (415) of the Righteous Nicodemus,
Gamaliel, and Abibus, of Jerusalem (1st century)
Translation of the relics from Jerusalem to Constantinople (428)
of Protomartyr and Archdeacon Stephen (34)
Translation of the relics of Martyrs Dada, Maximus, and Quintilian,
at Dorostolum in Moesia (286)
Consecration of the Church of St. John the Theologian,
near the Holy Great Church in Constantinople.
Repose of the pious Emperor Justinian II, Fool-for-Christ,
interred in the Church of the Holy Apostles.
Repose of Hieromonk Peter (Seregin), spiritual father of Pühtitsa Convent, Estonia (1982)
Coptic Orthodox
Russian Orthodox
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