43 BC – Marcus Tullius Cicero is assassinated.
574 – Emperor Justin II retires due to recurring seizures of insanity. He abdicates the throne in favor of his general Tiberius, proclaiming him Caesar.
1703 – The Great Storm of 1703, the greatest windstorm ever recorded in the southern part of Great Britain, makes landfall. Winds gust up to 120 mph, and 9,000 people die.
1724 – Tumult of Thorn: Religious unrest is followed by the execution of nine Protestant citizens and the mayor of Thorn (Toruń) by Polish authorities.
1732 – The Royal Opera House opens at Covent Garden, London, England.
1776 – Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, arranges to enter the American military as a major general.
1787 – Delaware becomes the first state to ratify the United States Constitution.
1805: Having spied the Pacific Ocean for the first time a few weeks earlier, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark crossed to the south shore of the Columbia River (near modern-day Portland) and began building the small fort that would be their winter home.
1862 – American Civil War: Northwestern Arkansas and southwestern Missouri are secured for the Union when a force commanded by General James G. Blunt holds off a Confederate force under General Thomas Hindman at the Battle of Prairie Grove, Arkansas.
1869 – American outlaw Jesse James commits his first confirmed bank robbery, the Daviess County Savings Association in Gallatin, Missouri. The robbery netted little money. Jesse is believed to have shot and killed the cashier, Captain John Sheets, mistakenly believing him to be Samuel P. Cox, the militia officer who had killed "Bloody Bill" Anderson during the Civil War.
1916: David Lloyd George became prime minister of Britain.
1917 – World War I: Colonel Douglas MacArthur and the USA's 42nd 'Rainbow' Division arrive in France. The United States declares war on Austria-Hungary.
1930 – W1XAV in Boston, Massachusetts telecasts video from the CBS radio orchestra program, The Fox Trappers. The telecast also includes the first television commercial in the United States, an advertisement for I.J. Fox Furriers, who sponsored the radio show.
1936 – Australian cricketer Jack Fingleton becomes the first player to score centuries in four consecutive Test innings.
1939 – Lou Gehrig is elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame.
1946 – A fire at the Winecoff Hotel in Atlanta, Georgia, kills 119 people, the deadliest hotel fire in U.S. history.
1949 – Chinese Civil War: The Government of the Republic of China moves from Nanking to Taipei, Taiwan.
1962 – Prince Rainier III of Monaco revises the principality's constitution, devolving some of his power to advisory and legislative councils.
1962: Douglas County PUD acquired its first Wells hydroelectric project office. The PUD took a four-year lease on the old Harper Johnson motel building, across the street from the PUD’s branch office in Bridgeport, Washington, as a headquarters for the land acquisition program.
1964: The situation worsened in South Vietnam, as the Viet Cong attacked and captured the district headquarters at An Lao and much of the surrounding valley 300 miles northeast of Saigon.
1965 – Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras I simultaneously revoke mutual excommunications that had been in place since 1054.
1965: In a memorandum to President Lyndon B. Johnson, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara stated that U.S. troop strength must be substantially augmented "if we are to avoid being defeated there." Cautioning that such deployments would not ensure military success, McNamara said the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong "continue to believe that the war will be a long one, that time is their ally and their own staying power is superior to ours.
1971 – Pakistan President Yahya Khan announces the formation of a coalition government with Nurul Amin as Prime Minister and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as Deputy Prime Minister.
1972 – Imelda Marcos survives an assassination attempt using a bolo knife against her.
1972 – Apollo 17, the last Apollo moon mission, is launched. The crew takes the photograph known as The Blue Marble as they leave the Earth.
1975 – Warschauer Kniefall - German Chancellor Willy Brandt makes a gesture of humility towards the victims of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
1975 – Indonesian invasion of East Timor: The invasion begins.
1982 – In Texas, Charles Brooks, Jr., becomes the first person to be executed by lethal injection in the United States.
1983 – An Iberia Airlines Boeing 727 collides with an Aviaco DC-9 in dense fog while the two airliners are taxiing down the runway at Madrid–Barajas Airport, killing 93 people.
1987 – Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 1771 crashes near Paso Robles, California, killing all 43 on board, after a disgruntled passenger shoots his ex-boss traveling on the flight, then shoots both pilots and himself.
1987: Despite protests in Washington concerning Soviet human rights abuses, most Americans get swept up in "Gorbymania" as Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev arrived for his summit with President Ronald Reagan. Gorbachev and his wife, Raisa, charmed the American public and media by praising the United States and calling for closer relations between the Soviet Union and America. Aside from the excitement surrounding Gorbachev (whose face was soon plastered on T-shirts, cups, and posters), the summit with Reagan resulted in one of the most significant arms control agreements of the Cold War. Reagan and Gorbachev signed off on the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Force (INF) Treaty, which called for the elimination of all ground cruise and ballistic missiles and launchers in Europe with ranges of 320 to 3,400 miles.
1988 – Spitak earthquake: Two earthquakes hit Armenia, killing more than 25,000, injuring as many as 130,000, and leaving 500,000 homeless out of a population of 3,500,000. Nearly half a million buildings are destroyed. The two tremors, only minutes apart, were measured at 6.9 and 5.8 in magnitude and were felt as far away as Georgia, Turkey and Iran.
1988 – Yasser Arafat recognizes the right of Israel to exist.
1993 – The Long Island Rail Road massacre: Passenger Colin Ferguson murders six people and injures 19 others on the LIRR in Nassau County, New York.
1995 – The Galileo spacecraft arrives at Jupiter, a little more than six years after it was launched by Space Shuttle Atlantis during Mission STS-34.
1999 – A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc.: The Recording Industry Association of America sues the peer-to-peer file-sharing service Napster, alleging copyright infringement.
2003 – The Conservative Party of Canada is officially registered, following the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada.
2005 – Rigoberto Alpizar, a passenger on American Airlines Flight 924 who allegedly claimed to have a bomb, is shot and killed by a team of U.S. federal air marshals at Miami International Airport.
2005 – Ante Gotovina, a Croatian army general accused of war crimes but later acquitted, is captured in the Playa de las Américas, Tenerife, by Spanish police.
2006 – A tornado strikes Kensal Green, North West London, seriously damaging about 150 properties.
2007 – The Hebei Spirit oil spill begins in South Korea after a crane barge that had broken free from a tug collides with the Very Large Crude Carrier, Hebei Spirit.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church. Double.
Contemporary Western
Ambrose
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Martyr Athenodorus of Mesopotamia (304)
Martyr Neophytus, by drowning
Martyr Dometius, by the sword
Martyrs Priscus, Martin, and Nicholas, near Blachernae
Martyrs Isidore, Acepsimas, and Leo, by fire
Martyrs Gaianos and Gaina, by fire
Venerable Ammon, Bishop of Nitria (c. 350)
Saint Ambrose of Milan, Bishop (Ambrose of Mediolanum) (397)
Holy Orthodox Woman Martyr, in Rome, by being burned alive, for refusing Arianism
Holy Orthodox Martyrs burned in the Temple, in Carthage, by the Arians
Holy 362 martyrs of Africa, martyred by the Arians:
Holy 300 martyrs of Africa martyred by the Arians,
by beheading, under Huneric (c. 477-484)
Holy 60 Hieromartyrs, Priests, by having their tongues cut out (c. 474-476)
Holy 2 Hieromartyrs, Priests, under Huneric, by sawing (c. 474-476)
Saint Bassa of Jerusalem, Abbess (5th century)
Saint Ignatius, monk, near Blachernae
Saint Paul the Obedient, of Cyprus
Venerable John the Faster, of St. Sabbas Monastery.
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Saint Victor of Piacenza, first Bishop of Piacenza c. 322-375,
defender of Orthodoxy against Arianism (375)
Saint Anianus (Agnan, Aignan), fifth Bishop of Chartres in France (5th century)
Saint Martin of Saujon, a disciple of St Martin of Tours,
founded the monastery of Saujon (c. 400)
Saint Servus, a layman of noble birth,
martyred under the Arian Vandal King Huneric (483)
Saint Buithe (Buite, Boethius), founder of Monasterboice in Ireland (521)
Saint Burgundofara (Fara), founder of Faremoutiers Abbey (657)
Saint Diuma, Bishop of the Mercians and Middle Anglians (7th century)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint John, faster of the Kiev Caves (12th century)
Righteous Gerasimos, Ascetic of Euboea, missionary of Greece
in the period of the Frankokratia (c. 1320)
Venerable Gregory the Silent of Mount Athos,
founder of Grigoriou, Mt. Athos (Gregory of Serbia) (1405)
Saint Nilus of Stolbnyi Island (Nilus, monk of Stolbensk Lake) (1544)
Saint Anthony, Abbot of Siya Monastery (Novgorod) (1556)
New Martyrs and Confessors
Hieromartyr Antonius Popov, Priest (1918)
Hieromartyr Andronic (1918)
Hiero-confessor Ambrose (Polyansky), Bishop of Kamenets-Podolsk (1932)
Hieromartyrs Sergius Goloshapov, Michael Uspensky
and Sergius Uspensky, Priests (1937)
Hieromartyr Nikiphor Litvin, Deacon, and Hieromartyr
Galaction Urbanowicz-Novikov (1937)
Martyr Joanna Demidova (1937)
Hieromartyrs Peter Krestov and Basil Mirozhin, Priests (1941)
Other commemorations
Consecration of the Church of the Theotokos in the district
of the Curator, Constantinople ((Greek) τοῦ Κουράτορος) (5th century)
"Seligersk" (Vladimirsk) Icon of the Mother of God
Repose of Abbot Gabriel of Valaam (1910)
of the Curator, Constantinople ((Greek) τοῦ Κουράτορος) (5th century)
"Seligersk" (Vladimirsk) Icon of the Mother of God
Repose of Abbot Gabriel of Valaam (1910)
Coptic Orthodox
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