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Events
69 – Emperor Vitellius is captured and murdered at the Gemonian stairs in Rome.
401 – Pope Innocent I is elected.
856 – Damghan earthquake: An earthquake near the Persian city of Damghan kills an estimated 200,000 people, the sixth deadliest earthquake in recorded history.
880 – Luoyang, eastern capital of the Tang dynasty, is captured by rebel leader Huang Chao during the reign of Emperor Xizong.
1135 – Stephen of Blois becomes King of England
1216 – Pope Honorius III approves the Dominican Order through the papal bull of confirmation Religiosam vitam.
1622 – Bucaramanga, Colombia is founded.
1769 – Sino-Burmese War: The war ends with an uneasy truce.
1775: The Continental Congress created a Continental Navy, naming Esek Hopkins, Esq., as commander in chief of the fleet. Congress also named four captains to the new service: Dudley Saltonstall, Abraham Whipple, Nicholas Biddle and John Burrows Hopkins. Their respective vessels, the Alfred, Columbus, Andrew Doria and Cabot, became the first ships of the Navy's fleet. Five first lieutenants, including future American hero John Paul Jones, five second lieutenants, and three third lieutenants also received their commissions.
1788 – Nguyễn Huệ proclaims himself Emperor Quang Trung, in effect abolishing on his own the Lê dynasty.
1790 – The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Alexander Suvorov and his Russian armies.
1807 – The Embargo Act, forbidding trade with all foreign countries, is passed by the U.S. Congress, at the urging of President Thomas Jefferson.
1808 – Ludwig van Beethoven conducts and performs in concert at the Theater an der Wien, Vienna, with the premiere of his Fifth Symphony, Sixth Symphony, Fourth Piano Concerto (performed by Beethoven himself) and Choral Fantasy (with Beethoven at the piano).
1849: Writer Fyodor Dostoevsky was led before a firing squad and prepared for execution. He had been convicted and sentenced to death on November 16 for allegedly taking part in antigovernment activities. However, at the last moment he was reprieved and sent into exile.
1851 – India's first freight train is operated in Roorkee, India.
1851 – The Library of Congress burned. It was the library's second time burning, after the British set fire to it during the War of 1812.
1864 – Savannah, Georgia falls to General William Tecumseh Sherman, concluding his "March to the Sea".
1877 – Scientific American introduces Thomas Edison's phonograph.
1885 – Itō Hirobumi, a samurai, became the first Prime Minister of Japan.
1890 – Cornwallis Valley Railway begins operation between Kentville and Kingsport, Nova Scotia.
1891 – Asteroid 323 Brucia becomes the first asteroid discovered using photography.
1894 – The Dreyfus affair begins in France, when Alfred Dreyfus is wrongly convicted of treason.
1920 – The GOELRO economic development plan is adopted by the 8th Congress of Soviets of the Russian SFSR.
1937 – The Lincoln Tunnel, running under the Hudson River, connecting Weehawken, New Jersey to Midtown Manhattan, New York City, opens to traffic.
1939 – Indian Muslims observe a "Day of Deliverance" to celebrate the resignations of members of the Indian National Congress over their not having been consulted over the decision to enter World War II with the United Kingdom.
1939: Two express trains collide in Magdeburg, Germany, killing more than 100 people on this day in 1939. Occurring at the outset of World War II, the accident was probably a result of the fact that the country's best rail engineers had all been conscripted into the military.
1940 – World War II: Himarë is captured by the Greek army.
1941: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill arrived in Washington, D.C. for a series of meetings with President Franklin Delano Roosevelt on a unified Anglo-American war strategy and a future peace.
1942 – World War II: Adolf Hitler signs the order to develop the V-2 rocket as a weapon.
1944 – World War II: Battle of the Bulge: German troops demand the surrender of United States troops at Bastogne, Belgium, prompting the famous one word reply by General Anthony McAuliffe: "Nuts!"
1947 – The Constituent Assembly of Italy approves the Constitution of Italy.
1951 – The Selangor Labour Party is founded in Selangor, Malaya.
1956 – Colo, the first gorilla to be bred in captivity, is born at the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium in Ohio.
1963 – The cruise ship Lakonia burns 180 miles (290 km) north of Madeira, Portugal with the loss of 128 lives.
1964 – The first test flight of the SR-71 (Blackbird) took place at Air Force Plant 42 in Palmdale, California.
1965 – In the United Kingdom, a 70 mph speed limit is applied to all rural roads including motorways for the first time. Previously, there had been no speed limit.
1968 – Cultural Revolution: People's Daily posted the instructions of Mao Zedong that it is "The intellectual youth must go to the country, and will be educated from living in rural poverty."(Down to the Countryside Movement)
1974 – Grande Comore, Anjouan and Mohéli vote to become the independent nation of Comoros. Mayotte remains under French administration.
1974 – The house of former British Prime Minister Edward Heath is attacked by members of the Provisional IRA.
1978 – The pivotal Third Plenum of the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is held in Beijing, with Deng Xiaoping reversing Mao-era policies to pursue a program for Chinese economic reform.
1978: John Wayne Gacy confessed to police to killing over two dozen boys and young men and burying their bodies under his suburban Chicago home. In March 1980, Gacy was convicted of 33 sex-related murders, committed between 1972 and 1978, and given the death penalty. At the time, he was the worst serial killer in modern American history. George Ridgway, known as the Green River Killer, overtook Gacy in November 2003, when he admitted to murdering 48 women in the Pacific Northwest. On May 10, 1994, having exhausted all his appeals, the 52-year-old Gacy, who the media dubbed the Killer Clown, was put to death by legal injection at the Stateville Penitentiary in Joliet, Illinois.
1984 – Bernhard Goetz shoots four would-be muggers on an express train in Manhattan section of New York, New York.
1987 – In Zimbabwe, the political parties ZANU and ZAPU reach an agreement that ends the violence in the Matabeleland region known as the Gukurahundi.
1988 – Chico Mendes, a Brazilian rubber tapper, unionist and environmental activist, is assassinated.
1989 – The Romanian army defectes to the cause of anti-communist demonstrators, and the government of Communist President of Romania Nicolae Ceausescu is overthrown by Ion Iliescu after days of bloody confrontations. The end of 42 years of communist rule come three days after Ceausescu's security forces opened fire on demonstrators in Timisoara. After the army's defection, the deposed dictator and his wife flee from Bucharest in a helicopter as protesters erupt in cheers, but are captured and convicted of mass murder in a hasty military trial. On December 25, they are executed by a firing squad. Ceausescu, ruler of Romania since 1965, had resisted the liberalization of the USSR and other Soviet bloc countries in the late 1980s. By the time of his government's downfall Romania was the most repressive and economically backward country in Europe.
1989 – Berlin's Brandenburg Gate re-opens after nearly 30 years, effectively ending the division of East and West Germany.
1990: Lech Walesa, well-known Polish labor leader and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, was sworn in as the first noncommunist president of Poland since the end of World War II. His victory was another sign of the Soviet Union's lessening power and communism's waning influence in Eastern Europe.
1990 – Final independence of Marshall Islands and Federated States of Micronesia after termination of trusteeship.
1990 – The Croatian Parliament adopts the current Constitution of Croatia.
1991 – Armed opposition groups launch a military coup against President of Georgia Zviad Gamsakhurdia.
1992 – The Archives of Terror are discovered.
1997 – Acteal massacre: Attendees at a prayer meeting of Roman Catholic activists for indigenous causes in the small village of Acteal in the Mexican state of Chiapas are massacred by paramilitary forces.
1997 – Hussein Farrah Aidid relinquishes the disputed title of President of Somalia by signing the Cairo Declaration, in Cairo, Egypt. It is the first major step towards reconciliation in Somalia since 1991.
1999 – Korean Air Cargo Flight 8509, a Boeing 747-200F crashes shortly after take-off from London Stansted Airport due to pilot error. All 4 crew members are killed.
2001 – Burhanuddin Rabbani, political leader of the Northern Alliance, hands over power in Afghanistan to the interim government headed by President Hamid Karzai.
2001 – Richard Reid attempts to destroy a passenger airliner by igniting explosives hidden in his shoes aboard American Airlines Flight 63.
2008 – An ash dike ruptured at a solid waste containment area in Roane County, Tennessee, releasing 1.1 billion US gallons (4,200,000 m3) of coal fly ash slurry.
2010 – The repeal of the Don't ask, don't tell policy, the 17-year-old policy banning homosexuals serving openly in the United States military, is signed into law by President Barack Obama.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
O Emmanuel! Rex et Legifer noster, Expectatio gentium, et desideratus earum, Veni ad salvandum nos, Domine Deus noster!
O Emmanuel, our King and our Law-giver, Longing of the Gentiles, yea, and Salvation thereof: come to save us, O Lord our God!
DRAW nigh, draw nigh, Immanuel!
And loose Thy captive Israel,
That mourns in lonely exile here,
Until the Son of God appear.
Rejoice! rejoice! Immanuel
Comes now to thee, O Israel.
Traditional Western
O Emmanuel
Contemporary Western
O Rex
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Lottie Moon (Episcopal Church (USA))
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Deliverer from Bonds, and her teacher Martyr Chrysogonus,
and with them the Martyrs Theodota, Evodius, Eutychianus,
and others, who suffered under Diocletian (304)
Hieromartyr Zoilus, Priest, under Diocletian (304)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Thirty Holy Martyrs of Rome (ca.303)
Saint Flavian, an ex-prefect of Rome (362)
Saint Hunger of Utrecht (Hungerus Frisus), Bishop of Utrecht
in the Netherlands from 856; during the Norman invasion
he fled to Prüm in Germany where he died (866)
Saint Amaswinthus of Málaga, monk and Abbot for forty-two
years at a monastery in Silva de Málaga in Spain (982)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Martyr Vorisa Talantova (1970)
Other commemorations
Commemoration of the Thyranoixia (consecration) of the
"Great Church of Christ", the Hagia Sophia.
Repose of Monk Dositheus, hermit of the Roslavl Forests
and Optina Monastery (1828)
Icon of the Mother of God, Igumenia of Manjava Skete
"Great Church of Christ", the Hagia Sophia.
Repose of Monk Dositheus, hermit of the Roslavl Forests
and Optina Monastery (1828)
Icon of the Mother of God, Igumenia of Manjava Skete
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