________
474 – Emperor Leo II dies after a reign of ten months. He is succeeded by his father Zeno, who becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire.
794 – Japanese Emperor Kanmu changes his residence from Nara to Kyoto.
1183 – The Battle of Mizushima.
1292 – John Balliol becomes King of Scotland.
1405 – Sharif ul-Hāshim establishes the Sultanate of Sulu.
1421: A storm in the North Sea battered the European coastline. Over the next several days, approximately 10,000 people in what is now the Netherlands died in the resulting floods.
1511 – Henry VIII of England concluded the Treaty of Westminster—a pledge of mutual aid against the French—with Ferdinand II of Aragon.
1558 – Elizabethan era begins: Queen Mary I, the monarch of England and Ireland since 1553, dies and is succeeded by her 25-year-old half-sister, Elizabeth I of England.
1603 – English explorer, writer and courtier Sir Walter Raleigh goes on trial for treason.
1777 – Congress submitted the Articles of Confederation to the states for ratification.
1796 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of the Bridge of Arcole: French forces defeat the Austrians in Italy.
1800 – Though the Capitol Building was still incomplete, the United States Congress holds its first session in Washington, D.C.
1810 – Sweden declares war on its ally the United Kingdom to begin the Anglo-Swedish War, although no fighting ever takes place.
1811 – José Miguel Carrera, Chilean founding father, is sworn in as President of the executive Junta of the government of Chile.
1820 – Captain Nathaniel Palmer becomes the first American to see Antarctica. (The Palmer Peninsula is later named after him.)
1831 – Ecuador and Venezuela are separated from Gran Colombia.
1839 – Oberto, Giuseppe Verdi's first opera, opens at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, Italy.
1856 – American Old West: The United States buttresses its control over the Gadsden Purchase with the establishment of Fort Buchanan. Named for recently elected President James Buchanan, Fort Buchanan was located on the Sonoita River in present-day southern Arizona.
1858 – Modified Julian Day zero.
1863 – American Civil War: Confederate forces led by General James Longstreet place Knoxville, Tennessee, under siege. After two weeks and one failed attack, he abandoned the siege and rejoined General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia.
1863 – Abraham Lincoln begins the first draft of his Gettysburg Address.
1869 – In Egypt, the Suez Canal, connecting the Mediterranean and the Red seas, is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony attended by French Empress Eugénie, wife of Napoleon III.
1871 – The National Rifle Association is granted a charter by the state of New York.
1876 – Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's "Slavonic March" is given its premiere performance in Moscow, Russia.
1878 – First assassination attempt against Umberto I of Italy by anarchist Giovanni Passannante, who was armed with a dagger. The King survived with a slight wound in an arm. Prime Minister Benedetto Cairoli blocked the aggressor, receiving an injury in a leg.
1885 – Serbo-Bulgarian War: The decisive Battle of Slivnitsa begins.
1889: The Union Pacific Railroad Co. began direct, daily railroad service between Chicago and Portland, as well as Chicago and San Francisco.
1896 – The Western Pennsylvania Hockey League, which later became the first ice hockey league to openly trade and hire players, began play at Pittsburgh's Schenley Park Casino.
1903 – The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party splits into two groups: The Bolsheviks (Russian for "majority") and Mensheviks (Russian for "minority").
1911 – Omega Psi Phi Fraternity Incorporated, which is the first black Greek-lettered organization founded at an American historically black college or university, was founded on the campus of Howard University in Washington, D.C.
1914: The German 15th Corps made a final, desperate attempt to advance against Allied positions in the Ypres Salient, the much-contested region in Flanders, Belgium.
1922 – Former Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI goes into exile in Italy.
1933 – United States recognizes Soviet Union.
1939 – Nine Czech students are executed as a response to anti-Nazi demonstrations prompted by the death of Jan Opletal. In addition, all Czech universities are shut down and over 1200 Czech students sent to concentration camps. Since this event, International Students' Day is celebrated in many countries, especially in the Czech Republic.
1947 – The Screen Actors Guild implements an anti-Communist loyalty oath.
1947 – American scientists John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain observe the basic principles of the transistor, a key element for the electronics revolution of the 20th century.
1950 – Lhamo Dondrub is officially named the 14th Dalai Lama.
1953 – The remaining human inhabitants of the Blasket Islands, Kerry, Ireland, are evacuated to the mainland.
1957 – Vickers Viscount G-AOHP of British European Airways crashes at Ballerup after the failure of three engines on approach to Copenhagen Airport. The cause is a malfunction of the anti-icing system on the aircraft.
1962 – President John F. Kennedy dedicates Washington Dulles International Airport, serving the Washington, D.C., region.
1965: During part of what would become known as the Battle of the Ia Drang Valley, the 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry, from the 1st Cavalry Division, was ambushed by the 8th Battalion of the North Vietnamese 66th Regiment.
1967 – Vietnam War: Acting on optimistic reports that he had been given on November 13, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson tells the nation that, while much remained to be done, "We are inflicting greater losses than we're taking...We are making progress."
1968 – Alexandros Panagoulis is condemned to death for attempting to assassinate Greek dictator Georgios Papadopoulos.
1968 – British European Airways introduces the BAC One-Eleven into commercial service.
1968 – Viewers of the Raiders–Jets football game in the eastern United States are denied the opportunity to watch its exciting finish when NBC broadcasts Heidi instead, prompting changes to sports broadcasting in the U.S.
1969 – Cold War: Negotiators from the Soviet Union and the United States meet in Helsinki, Finland to begin SALT I negotiations aimed at limiting the number of strategic weapons on both sides.
1970 – Vietnam War: Lieutenant William Calley goes on trial for the My Lai Massacre.
1970 – Luna programme: The Soviet Union lands Lunokhod 1 on Mare Imbrium (Sea of Rains) on the Moon. This is the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world and is released by the orbiting Luna 17 spacecraft.
1973 – Watergate scandal: In Orlando, Florida, U.S. President Richard Nixon tells 400 Associated Press managing editors, "People have got to know whether or not their president is a crook. Well, I’m not a crook.”
1973 – The Athens Polytechnic uprising against the military regime ends in a bloodshed in the Greek capital.
1979 – Brisbane Suburban Railway Electrification. The first stage from Ferny Grove to Darra is commissioned.
1982 – Duk Koo Kim dies from injuries sustained during a 14-round match against Ray Mancini in Las Vegas, prompting reforms in the sport of boxing.
1983 – The Zapatista Army of National Liberation is founded in Mexico.
1988 – The National Revival Day: In Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, a demonstration starts against the Soviets, the perceived ignorance of the inflaming tension around Nagorno-Karabakh. The demonstration forcibly dispersed 17 days later would become the largest of its kind held in the USSR.
1989 – Cold War: Velvet Revolution begins: In Czechoslovakia, a student demonstration in Prague is quelled by riot police. This sparks an uprising aimed at overthrowing the communist government (it succeeds on December 29).
1990 – Fugendake, part of the Mount Unzen volcanic complex, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, becomes active again and erupts.
1993 – United States House of Representatives passes resolution to establish the North American Free Trade Agreement after greater authority in trade negotiations was granted to President George Bush in 1991.
1993 – In Nigeria, General Sani Abacha ousts the government of Ernest Shonekan in a military coup.
1997 – In Luxor, Egypt, 62 people are killed by six Islamic militants outside the Temple of Hatshepsut, known as Luxor massacre (The police then kill the assailants).
2000 – A catastrophic landslide in Log pod Mangartom, Slovenia, kills seven, and causes millions of SIT of damage. It is one of the worst catastrophes in Slovenia in the past 100 years.
2000 – Alberto Fujimori is removed from office as president of Peru.
2012 – At least 50 schoolchildren are killed in an accident at a railway crossing near Manfalut, Egypt.
2013 – Fifty people are killed when Tatarstan Airlines Flight 363 crashes at Kazan Airport, Russia.
2013 – A rare late-season tornado outbreak strikes the Midwest. Illinois and Indiana are most affected with tornado reports as far north as lower Michigan. In all around six dozen tornadoes touch down in approximately an 11-hour time period, including seven EF3 and two EF4 tornadoes.
1967 – Vietnam War: Acting on optimistic reports that he had been given on November 13, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson tells the nation that, while much remained to be done, "We are inflicting greater losses than we're taking...We are making progress."
1968 – Alexandros Panagoulis is condemned to death for attempting to assassinate Greek dictator Georgios Papadopoulos.
1968 – British European Airways introduces the BAC One-Eleven into commercial service.
1968 – Viewers of the Raiders–Jets football game in the eastern United States are denied the opportunity to watch its exciting finish when NBC broadcasts Heidi instead, prompting changes to sports broadcasting in the U.S.
1969 – Cold War: Negotiators from the Soviet Union and the United States meet in Helsinki, Finland to begin SALT I negotiations aimed at limiting the number of strategic weapons on both sides.
1970 – Vietnam War: Lieutenant William Calley goes on trial for the My Lai Massacre.
1970 – Luna programme: The Soviet Union lands Lunokhod 1 on Mare Imbrium (Sea of Rains) on the Moon. This is the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world and is released by the orbiting Luna 17 spacecraft.
1973 – Watergate scandal: In Orlando, Florida, U.S. President Richard Nixon tells 400 Associated Press managing editors, "People have got to know whether or not their president is a crook. Well, I’m not a crook.”
1973 – The Athens Polytechnic uprising against the military regime ends in a bloodshed in the Greek capital.
1979 – Brisbane Suburban Railway Electrification. The first stage from Ferny Grove to Darra is commissioned.
1982 – Duk Koo Kim dies from injuries sustained during a 14-round match against Ray Mancini in Las Vegas, prompting reforms in the sport of boxing.
1983 – The Zapatista Army of National Liberation is founded in Mexico.
1988 – The National Revival Day: In Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, a demonstration starts against the Soviets, the perceived ignorance of the inflaming tension around Nagorno-Karabakh. The demonstration forcibly dispersed 17 days later would become the largest of its kind held in the USSR.
1989 – Cold War: Velvet Revolution begins: In Czechoslovakia, a student demonstration in Prague is quelled by riot police. This sparks an uprising aimed at overthrowing the communist government (it succeeds on December 29).
1990 – Fugendake, part of the Mount Unzen volcanic complex, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, becomes active again and erupts.
1993 – United States House of Representatives passes resolution to establish the North American Free Trade Agreement after greater authority in trade negotiations was granted to President George Bush in 1991.
1993 – In Nigeria, General Sani Abacha ousts the government of Ernest Shonekan in a military coup.
1997 – In Luxor, Egypt, 62 people are killed by six Islamic militants outside the Temple of Hatshepsut, known as Luxor massacre (The police then kill the assailants).
2000 – A catastrophic landslide in Log pod Mangartom, Slovenia, kills seven, and causes millions of SIT of damage. It is one of the worst catastrophes in Slovenia in the past 100 years.
2000 – Alberto Fujimori is removed from office as president of Peru.
2012 – At least 50 schoolchildren are killed in an accident at a railway crossing near Manfalut, Egypt.
2013 – Fifty people are killed when Tatarstan Airlines Flight 363 crashes at Kazan Airport, Russia.
2013 – A rare late-season tornado outbreak strikes the Midwest. Illinois and Indiana are most affected with tornado reports as far north as lower Michigan. In all around six dozen tornadoes touch down in approximately an 11-hour time period, including seven EF3 and two EF4 tornadoes.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Hew, Bishop of Lincoln, Confessor. Double.
Contemporary Western
Acisclus
Aignan of Orleans
Elizabeth of Hungary
Gregory of Tours
Gregory Thaumaturgus
Hilda of Whitby
Hugh of Lincoln
Aignan of Orleans
Elizabeth of Hungary
Gregory of Tours
Gregory Thaumaturgus
Hilda of Whitby
Hugh of Lincoln
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
November 17 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saint Gregory the Wonderworker of Neo-Caesarea (266)
Hieromartyr Basil, Bishop of Hamah (282)
Martyrs Zachariah the Cobbler and his wife, Mary (3rd century)
Martyrs Gregory, Victor, and Geminus of Heracleon in Thrace (304)
150 philosophers converted by St. Catherine, and who suffered in Alexandria (305)
Venerable Longinus of Egypt (4th century)
Martyr Sak (Saktus, Sanctus) the Persian
Saints Maximian of Constantinople (434) and Gennadius of Constantinople (471),
Patriarchs of Constantinople
Saint John the Cobbler of Olumba, Cairo, and Sinai (7th century)
Venerable Lazarus the iconographer of Constantinople (857)
Great-Martyr Gobron (Michael) and 133 soldiers of Georgia (914)
Venerable John of Olympus (John Dermokaitis), in Bithynia (c. 919-944)
Venerable Justin
Martyrs Acisclus and Victoria, at Córdoba in Hispania (304)
Saint Eugene, a deacon of the Church of Florence with Bishop Zenobius (422)
Saint Anianus of Orleans (Aignan), fifth Bishop of Orleans in France (453)
Saint Gregory of Tours, Bishop of Tours (594),
and with him Venerable Aredius, Abbot of Limoges
and Venerable Vulfolaic, stylite of Trier, Gaul
Saint Namasius (Naamat, Namat, Namatius), twenty-second Bishop of Vienne in France (c. 599)[17]
Venerable Hilda, Abbess of Whitby Abbey (680)
Venerable Gennadius, Abbot of Vatopedi, Mt. Athos (14th century)
Venerable Nikon, Abbot of Radonezh, disciple of St. Sergius of Radonezh (1426)
Venerable Archimandrite Sebastian (Dabovich) of San Francisco and Jackson,
Enlightener and Apostle of the Church in America (1940)
Hieromartyr Basil, Bishop of Hamah (282)
Martyrs Zachariah the Cobbler and his wife, Mary (3rd century)
Martyrs Gregory, Victor, and Geminus of Heracleon in Thrace (304)
150 philosophers converted by St. Catherine, and who suffered in Alexandria (305)
Venerable Longinus of Egypt (4th century)
Martyr Sak (Saktus, Sanctus) the Persian
Saints Maximian of Constantinople (434) and Gennadius of Constantinople (471),
Patriarchs of Constantinople
Saint John the Cobbler of Olumba, Cairo, and Sinai (7th century)
Venerable Lazarus the iconographer of Constantinople (857)
Great-Martyr Gobron (Michael) and 133 soldiers of Georgia (914)
Venerable John of Olympus (John Dermokaitis), in Bithynia (c. 919-944)
Venerable Justin
Saint Eugene, a deacon of the Church of Florence with Bishop Zenobius (422)
Saint Anianus of Orleans (Aignan), fifth Bishop of Orleans in France (453)
Saint Gregory of Tours, Bishop of Tours (594),
and with him Venerable Aredius, Abbot of Limoges
and Venerable Vulfolaic, stylite of Trier, Gaul
Saint Namasius (Naamat, Namat, Namatius), twenty-second Bishop of Vienne in France (c. 599)[17]
Venerable Hilda, Abbess of Whitby Abbey (680)
Venerable Nikon, Abbot of Radonezh, disciple of St. Sergius of Radonezh (1426)
Venerable Archimandrite Sebastian (Dabovich) of San Francisco and Jackson,
Enlightener and Apostle of the Church in America (1940)
Coptic Orthodox
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