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307 – Emperor Severus II is captured and imprisoned at Tres Tabernae. He is later executed (or forced to commit suicide) after Galerius unsuccessfully invades Italy.
1400 – Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers.
1620: The Mayflower sets sail from Plymouth, England, bound for the New World (North America) with 102 Puritans on board - including Francis Cooke, William and Alice Mullins, George Soule, and John Alden. (o.s. September 6) MayflowerHistory.com
1701 – James Francis Edward Stuart, sometimes called the "Old Pretender", becomes the Jacobite claimant to the thrones of England and Scotland.
1776 – The Battle of Harlem Heights is fought. Following the disastrous American defeat at the Battle of Long Island, the Continental Army under General George Washington was sent fleeing across the island of Manhattan, eventually establishing a defensive position near the critical high ground of Harlem Heights on the northern end of the island. British troops quickly arrayed themselves against the Americans on the heights. On the morning of the 16th, Washington sent forward a group of rangers under the command of Captain Thomas Knowlton to scout the British positions and, if possible, lure them into a fight. Knowlton and his men promptly engaged the British, attacking them from the front. While this was going on, Washington sent another force to attack the British flank, catching them off guard and driving them back. In the end, the battle cost the Continentals 70 men killed or wounded, including Captain Thomas Knowlton, who was killed at the head of his men. The battle was a huge morale booster for the American Colonists, who after the debacle at the Battle of Long Island had had understandably low spirits.
1779 – American Revolutionary War: The Franco-American Siege of Savannah begins.
1795 – The first occupation by United Kingdom of Cape Colony, South Africa with the Battle of Hout Bay, after successive victories at the Battle of Muizenberg and Wynberg, after William V requested protection against revolutionary France's occupation of the Netherlands.
1810 – With the Grito de Dolores, Father Miguel Hidalgo begins Mexico's fight for independence from Spain.
1812 – The Fire of Moscow begins shortly after midnight and destroys three quarters of the city days later.
1830 – Oliver Wendell Holmes writes the poem Old Ironsides in tribute to the USS Constitution.
1863 – Robert College of Istanbul-Turkey, the first American educational institution outside the United States, is founded by Christopher Robert, an American philanthropist.
1880 – The Cornell Daily Sun prints its first issue in Ithaca, New York. The Sun is the nation's oldest, continuously-independent college daily.
1893 – Settlers make a land run for prime land in the Cherokee Strip in Oklahoma.
1908 – William C. Durant, a carriage maker, founds General Motors in Flint, Michigan.
1919 – The American Legion is incorporated.
1920 – The Wall Street bombing: A bomb in a horse wagon explodes in front of the J. P. Morgan building in New York City killing 38 and injuring 400.
1940 – World War II: Italian troops conquer Sidi Barrani.
1941 – World War II: Concerned that Reza Shah Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran, was about to ally his petroleum-rich empire with Nazi Germany, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union invade Iran in late August and force the Shah to abdicate in favor of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
1943 – World War II: The Allied invasion of Italy concludes when Heinrich von Vietinghoff, commander of the German Tenth Army, orders his troops to withdraw from Salerno.
1945 – World War II: The surrender of the Japanese troops in Hong Kong is accepted by Royal Navy Admiral Sir Cecil Harcourt.
1947 – Typhoon Kathleen hits Saitama, Tokyo and Tone River area, at least 1,930 killed.
1955 – The military coup to unseat President Juan Perón of Argentina is launched at midnight.
1955 – A Soviet Navy Zulu-class submarine becomes the first submarine to launch a ballistic missile.
1959 – The first successful photocopier, the Xerox 914, is introduced in a demonstration on live television from New York City.
1959: The Spokane Valley Project was approved. The Spokane Valley Project provides an irrigation and domestic water supply for lands lying east of the city of Spokane, extending eastward to the Washington-Idaho boundary and into Idaho for a short distance. Extensive benefits are realized through the development of an adequate water supply for domestic, municipal and industrial use. Because of urban growth, domestic service demand on the project is increasing constantly.
1961 – The United States National Hurricane Research Project drops eight cylinders of silver iodide into the eyewall of Hurricane Esther. Wind speed reduces by 10%, giving rise to Project Stormfury.
1961 – Typhoon Nancy, with possibly the strongest winds ever measured in a tropical cyclone, makes landfall in Osaka, Japan, killing 173 people.
1963 – Malaysia is formed from the Federation of Malaya, Singapore, North Borneo (Sabah) and Sarawak. However, Singapore soon leaves this new country.
1966 – The Metropolitan Opera House opens at Lincoln Center in New York City with the world premiere of Samuel Barber's opera Antony and Cleopatra.
1970 – King Hussein of Jordan declares military rule following the hijacking of four civilian airliners by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). This results in the formation of the Black September Palestinian paramilitary unit.
1975 – Papua New Guinea gains independence from Australia.
1975 – The Cape Verde Islands, Mozambique, and São Tomé and Príncipe join the United Nations.
1975 – The first prototype of the Mikoyan MiG-31 interceptor makes its maiden flight.
1976 – Shavarsh Karapetyan saves 20 people from the trolleybus that had fallen into Yerevan reservoir.
1976 – The General Convention of The Episcopal Church voted to approve the ordination of women as priests and bishops.
1978 – An earthquake measuring 7.5 to 7.9 on the Richter scale hits the city of Tabas, Iran killing about 25,000 people.
1979 – Eight people escape East Germany in a homemade hot air balloon.
1980 – Saint Vincent and the Grenadines join the United Nations.
1982 – 1982 Lebanon war: the Sabra and Shatila massacre in Lebanon takes place.
1987 – The Montreal Protocol is signed to protect the ozone layer from depletion.
1990 – The railroad between the People's Republic of China and Kazakhstan is completed at Dostyk, adding a sizable link to the concept of the Eurasian Land Bridge.
1992 – The trial of the deposed Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega ends in the United States with a 40-year sentence for drug trafficking and money laundering.
1992 – Black Wednesday: The pound is forced out of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism by currency speculators and is forced to devalue against the German mark.
1994 – The British government lifts the broadcasting ban imposed against members of Sinn Féin and Irish paramilitary groups in 1988.
2005 – The Camorra organized crime boss Paolo Di Lauro is arrested in Naples, Italy.
2007 – One-Two-GO Airlines Flight 269 carrying 128 crew and passengers crashes in Thailand killing 89 people.
2007 – Mercenaries working for Blackwater Worldwide shoot and kill 17 Iraqis in Nisour Square, Baghdad; all criminal charges against them are later dismissed, however they are later tried and convicted of the crime.
2013 – A gunman kills twelve people at the Navy Yard in Washington, D.C.
2014 – The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant launches its Kobane offensive against Syrian–Kurdish forces.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Cornelius, Pope of Rome, and Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, Martyrs Semi-double
Commemoration of SS. Euphemia, Lucy, and Geminian, Martyrs
Commemoration of SS. Euphemia, Lucy, and Geminian, Martyrs
Contemporary Western
Andrew Kim Taegon (one of The Korean Martyrs)
Curcodomus
Cyprian
Edith of Wilton
Euphemia
Ludmila
Ninian
Pope Cornelius
Curcodomus
Cyprian
Edith of Wilton
Euphemia
Ludmila
Ninian
Pope Cornelius
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Great-martyr Euphemia the All-praised (304)
Martyrs Victor and Sosthenes at Chalcedon (304)
Martyr Sebastiana, disciple of Saint Paul the Apostle, martyred at Heraclea (1st century)
Martyr Melitena of Marcianopolis (2nd century)
Saint Dorotheus, hermit of Egypt (4th century)
Martyr and Saint Ludmila, grandmother of Saint Wenceslas of Bohemia, the prince of Czechs (927)
Saint Cyprian, Metropolitan of Kiev (1406)
Saint Procopius, abbot, of Sázava monastery in Bohemia (1053)
Martyrs Isaac and Joseph of Georgia (808)
Saint Cyprian of Serbia
Saint Alexis (Mechev), Priest of Moscow (1922)
Icon of the Mother of God Support of Humble, near Pskov
Martyrs Victor and Sosthenes at Chalcedon (304)
Martyr Sebastiana, disciple of Saint Paul the Apostle, martyred at Heraclea (1st century)
Martyr Melitena of Marcianopolis (2nd century)
Saint Dorotheus, hermit of Egypt (4th century)
Martyr and Saint Ludmila, grandmother of Saint Wenceslas of Bohemia, the prince of Czechs (927)
Saint Cyprian, Metropolitan of Kiev (1406)
Saint Procopius, abbot, of Sázava monastery in Bohemia (1053)
Martyrs Isaac and Joseph of Georgia (808)
Saint Cyprian of Serbia
Saint Alexis (Mechev), Priest of Moscow (1922)
Icon of the Mother of God Support of Humble, near Pskov
Coptic Orthodox
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