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490 BC – Battle of Marathon: The conventionally accepted date for the Battle of Marathon. The Athenians and their Plataean allies, defeat the first Persian invasion force of Greece.
372 – Sixteen Kingdoms: Jin Xiaowudi, age 10, succeeds his father Jin Jianwendi as Emperor of the Eastern Jin dynasty.
1185 – Emperor Andronikos I Komnenos brutally put to death in Constantinople.
1213 – Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Battle of Muret.
1229 – Battle of Portopí: The Aragonese army under the command of James I of Aragon disembarks at Santa Ponça, Majorca, with the purpose of conquering the island.
1309 – The First Siege of Gibraltar takes place in the context of the Spanish Reconquista pitting the forces of the Kingdom of Castile against the Emirate of Granada resulting in a Castilian victory.
1609 – Henry Hudson begins his exploration of the Hudson River while aboard the Halve Maen.
1683 – Austro-Ottoman War: Battle of Vienna – several European armies join forces to defeat the Ottoman Empire.
1777 – The Continental Congress, located in Philadelphia, received a devastating message from George Washington saying that he had been soundly defeated by the British in a massive battle outside of the city. The previous day at a place called Brandywine Creek, Washington’s army was defending the critical waterway from an attack by British General William Howe who was intent on taking the American capital of Philadelphia. Congress wasted no time in escaping the city. They knew what the British would do to men who in their eyes had committed treason. Within days, Congress reassembled in York, Pennsylvania, and Philadelphia was taken with no Patriot opposition.
1787 – George Mason suggests the addition of a Bill of Rights to the Constitution, but the motion is defeated.
1804 – The U.S. Navy captured three ships during the First Barbary War. The frigates USS President and USS Constellation would capture the first two ships during a blockade of the Tripoli harbor. A third ship would also attempt to enter the Tripoli harbor later the same day but was captured by USS Constellation and the brig USS Argus.
1814 – Battle of North Point: an American detachment halts the British land advance to Baltimore in the War of 1812.
1846 – Elizabeth Barrett elopes with Robert Browning.
1847 – Mexican–American War: the Battle of Chapultepec begins.
1848 – Switzerland becomes a Federal state.
1857 – The SS Central America sinks about 160 miles east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, drowning a total of 426 passengers and crew, including Captain William Lewis Herndon. The ship was carrying 13–15 tons of gold from the California Gold Rush.
1885 – Arbroath 36–0 Bon Accord, a world record scoreline in professional Association football.
1890 – Salisbury, Rhodesia, is founded.
1897 – Tirah Campaign: Battle of Saragarhi.
1906 – The Newport Transporter Bridge is opened in Newport, South Wales by Viscount Tredegar.
1910 – Premiere performance of Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 8 in Munich (with a chorus of 852 singers and an orchestra of 171 players. Mahler's rehearsal assistant conductor was Bruno Walter).
1910 – The Los Angeles Police Department appoints the United States' first female officer, Alice Stebbins Wells.
1919 – Adolf Hitler joins the German Workers' Party (later the Nazi Party).
1923 – Southern Rhodesia, today called Zimbabwe, is annexed by the United Kingdom.
1930 – In cricket Wilfred Rhodes ends his 1110-game first-class career by taking 5 for 95 for H.D.G. Leveson Gower's XI against the Australians.
1933 – Leó Szilárd, waiting for a red light on Southampton Row in Bloomsbury, conceives the idea of the nuclear chain reaction.
1938 – Adolf Hitler demands autonomy and self-determination for the Germans of the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia.
1939: Generator A-6 at Hoover Dam began operations. An installed capacity of 704,800 kilowatts made Hoover Powerplant the world’s largest hydroelectric facility, a distinction held until surpassed by Grand Coulee Dam in 1949.
1940 – Cave paintings are discovered in Lascaux, France.
1940 – An explosion at the Hercules Powder Company plant in Kenvil, New Jersey kills 51 people and injures over 200.
1942 – World War II: RMS Laconia, carrying civilians, Allied soldiers and Italian POWs is torpedoed off the coast of West Africa and sinks with a heavy loss of life.
1942 – World War II: First day of the Battle of Edson's Ridge during the Guadalcanal Campaign. U.S. Marines protecting Henderson Field on Guadalcanal are attacked by Imperial Japanese Army forces.
1943 – World War II: Benito Mussolini, dictator of Italy, is rescued from house arrest on the Gran Sasso in Abruzzi, by German commando forces led by Otto Skorzeny.
1944 – World War II: The liberation of Serbia from Nazi Germany continues. Bajina Bašta in western Serbia is among those liberated cities. Near Trier, American troops enter Germany for the first time.
1948 – Invasion of the State of Hyderabad by the Indian Army on the day after the Pakistani leader Muhammad Ali Jinnah's death.
1952 – Strange occurrences, including a monster sighting, take place in Flatwoods, West Virginia.
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| JFK and Jacqueline After Wedding Harrison Avenue, Newport, RI from whatwasthere.com |
1958 – Jack Kilby demonstrates the first integrated circuit.
1959 – Premiere of Bonanza, the first regularly scheduled TV program presented in color.
1959 – The Soviet Union launches a large rocket, Lunik II, at the moon.
1961 – The African and Malagasy Union is founded.
1964 – Canyonlands National Park is designated as a National Park.
1966 – Gemini 11, the penultimate mission of NASA's Gemini program, and the current human altitude record holder (except for the Apollo lunar missions).
1970 – Dawson's Field hijackings: Palestinian terrorists blow up three hijacked airliners in Jordan, continuing to hold the passengers hostage in various undisclosed locations in Amman.
1974 – Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, 'Messiah' of the Rastafari movement, is deposed following a military coup by the Derg, ending a reign of 58 years.
1974 – Juventude Africana Amílcar Cabral is founded in Guinea-Bissau.
1977 – South African anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko dies in police custody.
1979 – Indonesia is hit with an earthquake that measures 8.1 on the Richter scale.
1980 – Military coup in Turkey.
1983 – A Wells Fargo depot in West Hartford, Connecticut, United States, is robbed of approximately US$7 million by Los Macheteros.
1983 – The USSR vetoes a United Nations Security Council Resolution deploring the Soviet shooting down of a Korean civilian jetliner on September 1.
1984 – Dwight Gooden sets the baseball record for strikeouts in a season by a rookie with 246, previously set by Herb Score in 1954. Gooden's 276 strikeouts that season, pitched in 218 innings, set the current record.
1988 – Hurricane Gilbert devastates Jamaica; it turns towards Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula 2 days later, causing an estimated $5 billion in damage.
1990 – The two German states and the Four Powers sign the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany in Moscow, paving the way for German reunification.
1992 – NASA launches Space Shuttle Endeavour on STS-47 which marked the 50th shuttle mission. On board are Mae Carol Jemison, the first African-American woman in space, Mamoru Mohri, the first Japanese citizen to fly in a US spaceship, and Mark Lee and Jan Davis, the first married couple in space.
1992 – Abimael Guzmán, leader of the Shining Path, is captured by Peruvian special forces; shortly thereafter the rest of Shining Path's leadership fell as well.
1994 – Frank Eugene Corder crashes a single-engine Cessna 150 into the White House's south lawn, striking the West wing and killing himself.
1999 – Indonesia announces it will allow international peace-keepers into East Timor.
2001 – Ansett Australia, Australia's first commercial interstate airline, collapses due to increased strain on the international airline industry, leaving 10,000 people unemployed.
2003 – The United Nations lifts sanctions against Libya after that country agreed to accept responsibility and recompense the families of victims in the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103.
2003 – Iraq War: In Fallujah, U.S. forces mistakenly shoot and kill eight Iraqi police officers.
2005 – Hong Kong Disneyland opens in Penny's Bay, Lantau Island, Hong Kong.
2007 – Former Philippine President Joseph Estrada is convicted of the crime of plunder.
2008 – The 2008 Chatsworth train collision in Los Angeles between a Metrolink commuter train and a Union Pacific freight train kills 25 people.
2011 – The 9/11 Memorial Museum in New York City opens to the public.
2014 – Oscar Pistorius is found guilty of the culpable homicide of his girlfriend, Reeva Steenkamp.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Within the Octave of the Birth of the Blessed Virgin
Contemporary Western
Ailbe of Emly
Guy of Anderlecht
Holy Name of Mary
Laisrén mac Nad Froích
Sacerdos of Lyon
Guy of Anderlecht
Holy Name of Mary
Laisrén mac Nad Froích
Sacerdos of Lyon
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
John Henry Hobart (Episcopal Church (USA))
Eastern Orthodox
September 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Hieromartyr Autonomus, Bishop of Italy (313)
Saint Coronatus, Bishop of Iconium (259)
Martyr Julian of Galatia and 40 martyrs with him (4th century)
Hieromartyr Theodore of Alexandria
Saint Sacerdos of Lyon, Bishop of Lyon in Gaul
Saint Athanasius, disciple of Saint Sergius of Radonezh (early 15th century)
and abbot of the Vysotsky Monastery in Serpukhov
Saint Bassian of Tikhsnen in Vologda (1624)
Martyr Macedonios in Phrygia, and with him martyrs Tatian and Theodoulos
Saint Daniel of Thassius, monk
Apodosis of the Nativity of the Theotokos
Translation of the relics of righteous Simeon of Verkoturye (1704)
Hieromartyr Autonomus, Bishop of Italy (313)
Saint Coronatus, Bishop of Iconium (259)
Martyr Julian of Galatia and 40 martyrs with him (4th century)
Hieromartyr Theodore of Alexandria
Saint Sacerdos of Lyon, Bishop of Lyon in Gaul
Saint Athanasius, disciple of Saint Sergius of Radonezh (early 15th century)
and abbot of the Vysotsky Monastery in Serpukhov
Saint Bassian of Tikhsnen in Vologda (1624)
Martyr Macedonios in Phrygia, and with him martyrs Tatian and Theodoulos
Saint Daniel of Thassius, monk
Apodosis of the Nativity of the Theotokos
Translation of the relics of righteous Simeon of Verkoturye (1704)
Coptic Orthodox
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