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Events
1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy.
1268 – The Livonian Order is defeated by Dovmont of Pskov in the Battle of Rakvere.
1332 – Amda Seyon I, Emperor of Ethiopia begins his campaigns in the southern Muslim provinces.
1478 – George, Duke of Clarence, convicted of treason against his older brother Edward IV of England, is executed in private at the Tower of London.
1637 – Eighty Years' War: Off the coast of Cornwall, England, a Spanish fleet intercepts an important Anglo-Dutch merchant convoy of 44 vessels escorted by 6 warships, destroying or capturing 20 of them.
1745 – The city of Surakarta, Central Java is founded on the banks of Bengawan Solo River, and becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Surakarta.
1766 – A mutiny by captive Malagasy begins at sea on the slave ship Meermin, leading to the ship's destruction on Cape Agulhas in present-day South Africa and the recapture of the instigators.
1781 – Fourth Anglo-Dutch War: Captain Thomas Shirley opens his expedition against Dutch colonial outposts on the Gold Coast of Africa (present-day Ghana).
1791 – Congress passes a law admitting the state of Vermont to the Union, effective 4 March 1791, after that state had existed for 14 years as a de facto independent largely unrecognized state.
1797 – French Revolutionary Wars: Sir Ralph Abercromby and a fleet of 18 British warships invade Trinidad.
1814 – Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Montereau.
1856 – a political party known as the American, or “Know-Nothing”, Party nominated Millard Fillmore its first candidate for President. After this election, the party soon dissolved.
1861 – In Montgomery, Alabama, Jefferson Davis is inaugurated as the provisional President of the Confederate States of America.
1861 – With Italian unification almost complete, Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont, Savoy and Sardinia assumes the title of King of Italy.
1865 – American Civil War: Union forces under Major General William T. Sherman set the South Carolina State House on fire during the burning of Columbia.
1873 – Bulgarian revolutionary leader Vasil Levski is executed by hanging in Sofia by the Ottoman authorities.
1878 – John Tunstall is murdered by outlaw Jesse Evans, sparking the Lincoln County War in Lincoln County, New Mexico.
1879 – Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi is awarded a patent for his design for the Statue of Liberty.
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| 1900s - Mark Twain House, where Huckleburry Finn was written 346 Farmington Ave., Hartford, CT from whatwasthere.com |
1900 – Second Boer War: Imperial forces suffer their worst single-day loss of life on Bloody Sunday, the first day of the Battle of Paardeberg.
1906 – Édouard de Laveleye forms the Belgian Olympic Committee in Brussels.
1911 – The first official flight with air mail takes place from Allahabad, United Provinces, British India (now India), when Henri Pequet, a 23-year-old pilot, delivers 6,500 letters to Naini, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) away.
1913 – Pedro Lascuráin becomes President of Mexico for 45 minutes; this is the shortest term to date of any person as president of any country.
1927 – The U.S. opens diplomatic relations with Canada.
1930 – While studying photographs taken in January, Clyde Tombaugh discovers Pluto.
1930 – Elm Farm Ollie becomes the first cow to fly in a fixed-wing aircraft and also the first cow to be milked in an aircraft.
1932 – The Empire of Japan declares Manzhouguo (the obsolete Chinese name for Manchuria) independent from the Republic of China.
1938 – During the Nanking Massacre the Nanking Safety Zone International Committee is renamed "Nanking International Rescue Committee" and the safety zone in place for refugees falls apart.
1942 – World War II: The Imperial Japanese Army begins the systematic extermination of perceived hostile elements among the Chinese in Singapore.
1943 – The Nazis arrest the members of the White Rose movement.
1943 – Joseph Goebbels delivers his Sportpalast speech.
1946 – Sailors of the Royal Indian Navy mutiny in Bombay harbour, from where the action spreads throughout the Provinces of British India, involving 78 ships, twenty shore establishments and 20,000 sailors
1947 – First Indochina War: The French gain complete control of Hanoi after forcing the Viet Minh to withdraw to mountains.
1954 – The first Church of Scientology is established in Los Angeles, California.
1955 – Operation Teapot: Teapot test shot "Wasp" is successfully detonated at the Nevada Test Site with a yield of 1.2 kilotons. Wasp is the first of fourteen shots in the Teapot series.
1957 – Kenyan rebel leader Dedan Kimathi is executed by the British colonial government.
1957 – Walter James Bolton becomes the last person legally executed in New Zealand.
1965 – The Gambia becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
1969 – Hawthorne Nevada Airlines Flight 708 crashes into Mount Whitney killing all on board.
1970 – The Chicago Seven are found not guilty of conspiring to incite riots at the 1968 Democratic National Convention.
1972 – The California Supreme Court in the case of People v. Anderson, (6 Cal.3d 628) invalidates the state's death penalty and commutes the sentences of all death row inmates to life imprisonment.
1977 – The Space Shuttle Enterprise test vehicle is carried on its maiden "flight" on top of a Boeing 747.
1978 – The first Ironman Triathlon competition takes place on the island of Oahu and is won by Gordon Haller.
1979 – Snow falls in the Sahara Desert in southern Algeria for the only time in recorded history.
1983 – Thirteen people die and one is seriously injured in the Wah Mee massacre in Seattle, Washington. It is said to be the largest robbery-motivated mass-murder in U.S. history.
1991 – The IRA explodes bombs in the early morning at Paddington station and Victoria station in London.
2001 – FBI agent Robert Hanssen is arrested for spying for the Soviet Union. He is ultimately convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment.
2001 – Seven-time NASCAR Sprint Cup Series champion Dale Earnhardt dies in an accident during the Daytona 500.
2001 – Inter-ethnic violence between Dayaks and Madurese breaks out in Sampit, Indonesia, that will ultimately result in more than 500 deaths and 100,000 Madurese displaced from their homes.
2003 – Nearly 200 people die in the Daegu subway fire in South Korea.
2004 – Up to 295 people, including nearly 200 rescue workers, die near Nishapur in Iran when a runaway freight train carrying sulfur, petrol and fertilizer catches fire and explodes.
2007 – Terrorist bombs explode on the Samjhauta Express in Panipat, Haryana, India, killing 68 people.
2013 – Armed robbers steal a haul of diamonds worth $50 million during a raid at Brussels Airport in Belgium.
2014 – At least 76 people are killed and hundreds are injured in clashes between riot police and demonstrators in Kiev, Ukraine.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Simeon, Bishop of Jerusalem, Martyr.
Contemporary Western
Bernadette Soubirous
Colmán of Lindisfarne
Flavian of Constantinople
Geltrude Comensoli
Simeon of Jerusalem
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
February 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Martyrs Leo and Parigorius of Patara in Lycia (c. 258)
Venerable Agapitus the Confessor and Wonderworker, Bishop of Synnada
in Phrygia (c. 308-324)
Martyrs Victor, Dorotheus, Theodoulus, and Agrippa, at Synnada in Phrygia
Salutaris, who suffered under Licinius (c. 308-324)
Martyr Piulius (Publius), by the sword
Saint Flavian the Confessor, Archbishop of Constantinople (c. 449)
Saint Leo the Great, Pope of Rome (461)
Saint Blaise of Amorion and Mt. Athos (c. 908)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Saints Maximus, Claudius, Praepedigna, Alexander and Cutias, martyrs in Rome
who suffered under Diocletian (295)
Saints Lucius, Silvanus, Rutulus, Classicus, Secundinus, Fructulus and Maximus,
martyrs in North Africa
Saint Helladius of Toledo, Archbishop of Toledo and Confessor (632)
Saint Colman of Lindisfarne, Bishop of Lindisfarne and Confessor (676)
Saint Ethelina (Eudelme), patroness of Little Sodbury, now in Gloucestershire
Saint Angilbert, Abbot of St. Riquier in the north of France where there were
some 300 monks (c. 740-814)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Venerable Cosmas, founder of Yakhromsk Monastery, Vladimir (1492)
Saint Nicholas V of Georgia, Catholicos of Georgia (1591)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Alexander Medvedsky, Priest (1932)
New Hieromartyr Vladimir Terentiev, Priest (1933)
New Hieromartyr Benjamin, Hieromonk (1938)
Virgin-martyr Anna (1940)
Other commemorations
Yakhromsk Icon of the Mother of God
Finding of the relics (1961) of New Martyr Irene of Mytilene (1463)
Commemoration of the New Martyrs who suffered during the “Holy Night”
in St. Petersburg (1932)
Repose of Schemamonk Constantine (Cavarnos), spiritual writer (2011)
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