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960 – Battle of Andrassos: Byzantines under Leo Phokas the Younger score a crushing victory over the Hamdanid Emir of Aleppo, Sayf al-Dawla.
1278 – Trần Thánh Tông, the second emperor of the Trần dynasty, decides to pass the throne to his crown prince Trần Khâm and take up the post of Retired Emperor.
1519 – Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with a great celebration.
1520 – Stockholm Bloodbath begins: A successful invasion of Sweden by Danish forces results in the execution of around 100 people.
1576 – Eighty Years' War: Pacification of Ghent – The States General of the Netherlands meet and unite to oppose Spanish occupation.
1602 – The Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford is opened to the public.
1605 – Robert Catesby, ringleader of the Gunpowder Plotters, is killed.
1614 – Japanese daimyo Dom Justo Takayama is exiled to the Philippines by shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu for being Christian.
1620 – The Battle of White Mountain takes place near Prague, ending in a decisive Catholic victory in only two hours.
1644 – The Shunzhi Emperor, the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, is enthroned in Beijing after the collapse of the Ming dynasty as the first Qing emperor to rule over China.
1731 – Benjamin Franklin opens the Colony’s first library in Pennsylvania.
1745 – Charles Edward Stuart invades England with an army of ~5000 that would later participate in the Battle of Culloden.
1793: After more than two centuries as a royal palace, the Louvre was opened as a public museum in Paris by the French revolutionary government. Today, the Louvre's collection is one of the richest in the world, with artwork and artifacts representative of 11,000 years of human civilization and culture.
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Musee du Louvre, Place du Carrousel,
Paris, Ile-de-France, 1908.
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
[reproduction number, e.g., LC-USZ62-110212]
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1837 – Mary Lyon founds Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, which later becomes Mount Holyoke College.
1861 – American Civil War: The "Trent Affair" – The USS San Jacinto stops the British mail ship Trent and arrests two Confederate envoys, sparking the "Trent Affair," a diplomatic crisis between the UK and US.
1864 – Abraham Lincoln was re-elected as President of the United States. Lincoln carried all but three states.
1887: Doc Holliday--gunslinger, gambler, and occasional dentist--died from tuberculosis.
1889 – Montana is admitted as the 41st U.S. state.
1892 – The New Orleans general strike begins, uniting black and white American trade unionists in a successful four-day general strike action for the first time.
1892 – Democrat Grover Cleveland is elected the 24th President.
1895 – While experimenting with electricity, Physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845-1923) became the first person to observe X-rays, a significant scientific advancement that would ultimately benefit a variety of fields, most notably medicine.
1898 – The Wilmington Insurrection of 1898, the only instance of an attempted coup d'état in American history.
1901 – Bloody clashes take place in Athens following the translation of the Gospels into demotic Greek.
1917 – One day after an armed uprising led by his radical socialist Bolsheviks toppled the provisional Russian government, the People's Commissars give authority to Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and Joseph Stalin. Lenin rose before the newly formed All-Russian Congress of Soviets to call for an immediate armistice with the Central Powers in World War I.
1923 – In Munich, Adolf Hitler, president of the far-right Nazi Party, launches the Beer Hall Putsch, an unsuccessful first attempt at seizing control of the German government.
1933 – Great Depression: New Deal – US President Franklin D. Roosevelt unveils the Civil Works Administration, an organization designed to create jobs for more than 4 million unemployed.
1936 – Spanish Civil War: Francoist troops fail in their effort to capture Madrid, but begin the 3-year Siege of Madrid afterwards.
1937 – The Nazi exhibition Der ewige Jude ("The Eternal Jew") opens in Munich.
1939 – Venlo Incident: Two British agents of SIS are captured by the Germans.
1939 – While celebrating the 16th anniversary of his Beer Hall Putsch in Munich, Hitler narrowly escapes the assassination attempt of Georg Elser when a bomb explodes just after he had finished giving a speech. He is unharmed.
1940 – Greco-Italian War: The Italian invasion of Greece fails as outnumbered Greek units repulse the Italians in the Battle of Elaia–Kalamas.
1942 – World War II: French Resistance coup in Algiers, in which 400 civilian French patriots neutralize Vichyist XIXth Army Corps after 15 hours of fighting, and arrest several Vichyst generals, allowing the immediate success of Operation Torch in Algiers as United States and United Kingdom forces land in French North Africa.
1950 – Korean War: United States Air Force Lt. Russell J. Brown, while piloting an F-80 Shooting Star, shoots down two North Korean MiG-15s in the first jet aircraft-to-jet aircraft dogfight in history.
1957 – Operation Grapple X, Round C1: the United Kingdom conducts its first successful hydrogen bomb test over Kiritimati in the Pacific.
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| 1960 - John F. Kennedy Campaigning 102 West Main Street, Grand Prairie, TX from whatwasthere.com |
1965 – The British Indian Ocean Territory is created, consisting of Chagos Archipelago, Aldabra, Farquhar and Des Roches islands.
1965 – The Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965 is given Royal Assent, formally abolishing the death penalty in the United Kingdom.
1965 – The 173rd Airborne is ambushed by over 1,200 Viet Cong in Operation Hump during the Vietnam War, while the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment fight one of the first set-piece engagements of the war between Australian forces and the Viet Cong at the Battle of Gang Toi.
1966 – Former Massachusetts Attorney General Edward Brooke becomes the first African American elected to the United States Senate since Reconstruction.
1966 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs into law an antitrust exemption allowing the National Football League to merge with the upstart American Football League.
1968 – The Vienna Convention on Road Traffic is signed to facilitate international road traffic and to increase road safety by standardising the uniform traffic rules among the signatories.
1972 – HBO launches its programming, with the broadcast of the 1971 movie Sometimes a Great Notion, starring Paul Newman and Henry Fonda.
1973 – The right ear of John Paul Getty III is delivered to a newspaper together with a ransom note, convincing his father to pay US$2.9 million.
1976 – A series of earthquakes spreads panic in the city of Thessaloniki, which is evacuated.
1977 – Manolis Andronikos, a Greek archaeologist and professor at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, discovers the tomb of Philip II of Macedon at Vergina.
1987 – Remembrance Day bombing: A Provisional IRA bomb explodes in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland during a ceremony honouring those who had died in wars involving British forces. Twelve people are killed and sixty-three wounded.
2002 – Iraq disarmament crisis: UN Security Council Resolution 1441 – The United Nations Security Council unanimously approves a resolution on Iraq, forcing Saddam Hussein to disarm or face "serious consequences".
2004 – War in Iraq: More than 10,000 U.S. troops and a small number of Iraqi army units participate in a siege on the insurgent stronghold of Fallujah.
2011 – The potentially hazardous asteroid 2005 YU55 passes 0.85 lunar distances from Earth (about 324,600 kilometres or 201,700 miles), the closest known approach by an asteroid of its brightness since 2010 XC15 in 1976.
2013 – Typhoon Haiyan, one of the strongest tropical cyclones ever recorded, strikes the Visayas region of the Philippines. The storm left at least 6,340 people dead with over 1,000 still missing, and caused S$2.86 billion (USD) in damage.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Octave of All Saints. Double.
Commemoration of the Four Crowned Martyrs.
Contemporary Western
Blessed Elizabeth of the Trinity
Four Crowned Martyrs
Godfrey of Amiens
Willehad of Bremen
Four Crowned Martyrs
Godfrey of Amiens
Willehad of Bremen
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Johann von Staupitz (Lutheran)
Saints and Martyrs of England (Church of England)
Eastern Orthodox
November 8 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Synaxis of the Archangel Michael and the other Bodiless Powers:
the Archangels Gabriel, Raphael, Uriel, Salaphiel, Jegudiel, and Barachiel
Righteous Martha, princess of Pskov (1300)
Synaxis of the Archangel Michael and the other Bodiless Powers:
the Archangels Gabriel, Raphael, Uriel, Salaphiel, Jegudiel, and Barachiel
Righteous Martha, princess of Pskov (1300)
Coptic Orthodox
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