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361 – Emperor Constantius II dies of a fever at Mopsuestia in Cilicia, on his deathbed he is baptised and declares his cousin Julian rightful successor.
644 – Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim caliph, is assassinated by a Persian slave in Medina.
1333 – The River Arno flooding causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani.
1468 – Liège is sacked by Charles I of Burgundy's troops.
1492 – Peace of Etaples between Henry VII and Charles VIII.
1493 – Christopher Columbus first sights the island of Dominica in the Caribbean Sea.
1534– English Parliament passes Act of Supremacy, making King Henry VIII head of the English church - a role formerly held by the Pope.
1592 – The city of San Luis Potosí is founded.
1783 – John Austin, a highwayman, is the last person to be publicly hanged at London's Tyburn gallows.
1783 – The American Continental Army is disbanded.
1789 – The first District Court established by the Constitution opens in New York City.
1793 – French playwright, journalist and feminist Olympe de Gouges is guillotined.
1796 – John Adams is elected as 2nd president of the U.S
1812 – Napoleon's armies are defeated at the Battle of Vyazma.
1817 – The Bank of Montreal, Canada's oldest chartered bank, opens in Montreal.
1838 – The Times of India, the world's largest circulated English language daily broadsheet newspaper is founded as The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce.
1839: The first Opium War between China and Britain broke out.
1848 – A greatly revised Dutch constitution, drafted by Johan Rudolph Thorbecke, severely limiting the powers of the Dutch monarchy, and strengthening the powers of parliament and ministers, is proclaimed.
1867 – Giuseppe Garibaldi and his followers are defeated in the Battle of Mentana and fail to end the Pope's Temporal power in Rome (it would be achieved three years later).
1868 – John Willis Menard was the first African American elected to the United States Congress. Because of an electoral challenge, he was never seated.
1868 – Ulysses S. Grant (R) defeats Horatio Seymour (D) to win the Presidency.
1883 – American Old West: Self-described "Black Bart the poet" gets away with his last stagecoach robbery, but leaves a clue that eventually leads to his capture.
1898 – France withdraws its troops from Fashoda (now in Sudan), ending the Fashoda Incident.
1903 – With the encouragement of the United States, Panama separates from Colombia.
1911 – Chevrolet officially enters the automobile market in competition with the Ford Model T.
1918 – Austria-Hungary enters into an armistice with the Allies, and the Habsburg-ruled empire dissolves.
1918 – Poland declares its independence from Russia.
1918: As the First World War was drawing to a close, angry rebels in both Germany and Austria-Hungary revolted, raising the red banner of the revolutionary socialist Communist Party and threatening to follow the Russian example in bringing down their imperialist governments.
1918 – The German Revolution of 1918–19 begins when 40,000 sailors take over the port in Kiel.
1930 – Getúlio Dornelles Vargas becomes Head of the Provisional Government in Brazil after a bloodless coup on October 24.
1930 – The first vehicles passed through the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel, which connected Detroit, Michigan to Windsor, Ontario.
1932 – Panagis Tsaldaris becomes the 142nd Prime Minister of Greece.
1935 – George II of Greece regains his throne through a popular, though possible fixed, plebiscite.
1941: The Combine Japanese Fleet received Top-Secret Order No. 1: In 34 days time, Pearl Harbor is to be bombed, along with Mayala, the Dutch East Indies, and the Philippines.
1942 – World War II: The Koli Point action begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign and ends on November 12.
1943 – World War II: 500 aircraft of the U.S. 8th Air Force devastate Wilhelmshaven harbor in Germany.
1944 – World War II: Two supreme commanders of the Slovak National Uprising, Generals Ján Golian and Rudolf Viest are captured, tortured and later executed by German forces.
1948: the Chicago Tribune jumped the gun and mistakenly declared New York Governor Thomas Dewey the winner of his presidential race with incumbent Harry S. Truman in a front-page headline: "Dewey Defeats Truman."
1954 – The first Godzilla film is released and marks the first appearance of the character of the same name.
1956 – The Khan Yunis killings are perpetrated by the Israel Defense Forces in Egyptian-controlled Gaza, resulting in the deaths of 275 male Arabs.
1957 – Sputnik program: The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 2. On board is the first animal to enter orbit, a dog named Laika.
1960 – The land that would become the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge was established by an Act of Congress after a year-long legal battle that pitted local residents against Port Authority of New York and New Jersey officials wishing to turn the Great Swamp into a major regional airport for jet aircraft.
1964 – Residents of the District of Columbia cast their ballots in a presidential election for the first time. The passage of the 23rd Amendment in 1961 gave citizens of the nation's capital the right to vote for a commander in chief and vice president. They went on to help Democrat Lyndon Johnson defeat Republican Barry Goldwater in 1964, the next presidential election.
1967 – Vietnam War: The Battle of Dak To begins. In some of the heaviest fighting seen in the Central Highlands area, heavy casualties were sustained by both sides in bloody battles around Dak To, about 280 miles north of Saigon near the Cambodian border.
1969 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon addresses the nation on television and radio, asking the "silent majority" to join him in solidarity on the Vietnam War effort and to support his policies.
1973 – Mariner program: NASA launches the Mariner 10 toward Mercury. On March 29, 1974, it becomes the first space probe to reach that planet.
1975 – Syed Nazrul Islam, A. H. M. Qamaruzzaman, Tajuddin Ahmad, and Muhammad Mansur Ali, Bangladeshi politicians and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman loyalists, murdered in the Dhaka Central Jail.
1978 – Dominica gains its independence from the United Kingdom.
1979 – Greensboro massacre: Five members of the Communist Workers Party are shot dead and seven are wounded by a group of Klansmen and neo-Nazis during a "Death to the Klan" rally in Greensboro, North Carolina, United States.
1982 – The Salang Tunnel fire in Afghanistan kills up to 2,000 people.
1986 – Iran–Contra affair: The Lebanese magazine Ash Shiraa reports that the United States has been secretly selling arms to Iran in an effort to secure the release of seven American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon.
1986 – The Federated States of Micronesia gain independence from the United States of America.
1988 – Sri Lankan Tamil mercenaries try to overthrow the Maldivian government. At President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom's request, the Indian military suppresses the coup attempt within 24 hours.
1996 – Death of Abdullah Çatlı, leader of the Turkish ultra-nationalist organisation Grey Wolves in the Susurluk car-crash, which leads to the resignation of the Turkish Interior Minister, Mehmet Ağar (a leader of the True Path Party, DYP).
1997 – The United States of America imposes economic sanctions against Sudan in response to its human rights abuses of its own citizens and its material and political assistance to Islamic extremist groups across the Middle East and Eastern Africa.
2013 – A solar eclipse sweeps across Africa, Europe and the Eastern United States.
2014 – One World Trade Center officially opens
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Winefrid, Virgin and Martyr. Double.
Commemoration of the Octave of All Saints.
Contemporary Western
Blessed Manuel Lozano Garrido
Hubertus
Malachy O' More
Martin de Porres
Rupert Mayer
Winifred
Hubertus
Malachy O' More
Martin de Porres
Rupert Mayer
Winifred
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Richard Hooker (Anglican Communion)
Eastern Orthodox
Martyrs Acepsimas of Hnaita, the bishop (376), Joseph the presbyter (377),
and Aeithalas the deacon (377), of Persia
Agapius, Atticus, Carterius, Styriacus, Tobias, Eudoxius, Nictopolion,
and Companions, at Sebaste (320)
Martyrs Acindynus, Pegasius, and Anempodistus contested around the year 330.
Persian Christians who confessed their faith before Shapur II, the king. Their
confession inspired the conversion of 7000 Persians before they were burned
to death. Two churches in Constantinople are named in their honor.
and Aeithalas the deacon (377), of Persia
Agapius, Atticus, Carterius, Styriacus, Tobias, Eudoxius, Nictopolion,
and Companions, at Sebaste (320)
Martyrs Acindynus, Pegasius, and Anempodistus contested around the year 330.
Persian Christians who confessed their faith before Shapur II, the king. Their
confession inspired the conversion of 7000 Persians before they were burned
to death. Two churches in Constantinople are named in their honor.
Coptic Orthodox
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