996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freising, which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi (Austria in Old High German).
1141 – Empress Matilda's reign as 'Lady of the English' ends with Stephen of Blois regaining the title of King of England.
1179: Philip II is crowned King of France.
1214 – The port city of Sinope surrenders to the Seljuq Turks.
1348 – The anti-royalist Union of Valencia attacks the Jews of Murviedro on the pretext that they are serfs of the King of Valencia and thus "royalists".
1503 – Pope Julius II is elected.
1512: The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome, one of Italian artist Michelangelo's finest works, is exhibited to the public for the first time.
1520: The Strait of Magellan, the passage immediately south of mainland South America connecting the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans, is first discovered and navigated by European explorer Ferdinand Magellan during the first recorded circumnavigation voyage.
1555 – French Huguenots establish the France Antarctique colony in present-day Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
1570 – The All Saints' Flood devastates the Dutch coast.
1604 – William Shakespeare's tragedy Othello is performed for the first time, at Whitehall Palace in London.
1611 – William Shakespeare's play The Tempest is performed for the first time, at Whitehall Palace in London.
1612 – (22 October O.S.) Time of Troubles in Russia: Moscow, Kitay-gorod, is captured by Russian troops under command of Dmitry Pozharsky.
1683 – The British Crown colony of New York is subdivided into 12 counties.
1688 – William III of Orange sets out a second time from Hellevoetsluis in the Netherlands to seize the crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland from King James II of England during the Glorious Revolution.
1755: Lisbon, Portugal, is totally devastated by a massive earthquake and tsunami, killing between 60,000 and 90,000 people. The city was virtually rebuilt from scratch following the widespread destruction.
1765: In the face of widespread opposition in the American colonies, the British Parliament enacts the Stamp Act on the Thirteen Colonies, a taxation measure designed to raise revenue in order to help pay for British military operations in North America.
1790: Edmund Burke publishes Reflections on the Revolution in France, in which he predicts that the French Revolution will end in a disaster.
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| White House Red Room, 1889 whatwasthere.com |
1805: Napoleon Bonaparte invades Austria during the War of the Third Coalition.
1814: Congress of Vienna opens to re-draw the European political map after the defeat of France in the Napoleonic Wars
1848 – In Boston, Massachusetts, the first medical school for women, The Boston Female Medical School (which later merged with the Boston University School of Medicine), opens.
1859 – The current Cape Lookout, North Carolina, lighthouse is lit for the first time. Its first-order Fresnel lens can be seen for about 19 miles (31 km) in good conditions.
1861 – American Civil War: U.S. President Abraham Lincoln names George Brinton McClellan as the commander of the Union army, replacing the aged and infirm Winfield Scott. In just six months, McClellan had gone from commander of the Ohio volunteers to the head of the Union army.
1870 – In the United States, the Weather Bureau (later renamed the National Weather Service) makes its first official meteorological forecast.
1876 – New Zealand's provincial government system is dissolved.
1884 – The Gaelic Athletic Association is set up in Hayes's Hotel in Thurles, County Tipperary.
1886 – Ananda College, a leading Buddhist school in Sri Lanka is established with 37 students.
1894: Nicholas II becomes the new (and last) Tsar of Russia after his father, Alexander III, dies.
1894 – Thomas Edison films American sharpshooter Annie Oakley, which is instrumental in her hiring by Buffalo Bill for his Wild West Show.
1896 – A picture showing the bare breasts of a woman appears in National Geographic magazine for the first time.
1897 – The first Library of Congress building opens its doors to the public. The Library had been housed in the Congressional Reading Room in the U.S. Capitol.
1901 – Sigma Phi Epsilon, the largest national male collegiate fraternity, is established at Richmond College, in Richmond, Virginia.
1911 – The first dropping of a bomb from an aircraft in combat, during the Italo-Turkish War.
1914 – World War I: In the Battle of Coronel, the first British Royal Navy defeat of the war with Germany, a German naval squadron commanded by Vice-Admiral Maximilian von Spee sank two British armored cruisers, HMS Good Hope and HMS Monmouth, with all aboard, in the Pacific off the southern coast of Chile.
1914 – World War I: The Australian Imperial Force (AIF) departed by ship in a single convoy from Albany, Western Australia bound for Egypt.
1915 – Parris Island is officially designated a United States Marine Corps Recruit Depot.
1916 – Pavel Milyukov delivers in the State Duma the famous "stupidity or treason" speech, precipitating the downfall of the Boris Stürmer government.
1918 – Malbone Street Wreck: The worst rapid transit accident in US history occurs under the intersection of Malbone Street and Flatbush Avenue, Brooklyn, New York City, with at least 102 deaths.
1918: Western Ukraine gains its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
1918 – The short-lived Banat Republic is founded.
1920 – American fishing schooner Esperanto defeats the Canadian fishing schooner Delawana in the First International Fishing Schooner Championship Races in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
1922 – Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate: The last sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed VI, abdicates.
1928 – The Law on the Adoption and Implementation of the Turkish Alphabet, replacing the version of the Arabic alphabet previously used with the Latin alphabet, comes into force in Turkey.
1937: Stalinists execute Pastor Paul Hamberg and seven members of Azerbaijan's Lutheran community.
1937: The Deschutes Project in Oregon was approved.
1938 – Seabiscuit defeats War Admiral in an upset victory during a match race deemed "the match of the century" in horse racing.
1939 – The first rabbit born after artificial insemination is exhibited to the world.
1941 – American photographer Ansel Adams takes a picture of a moonrise over the town of Hernandez, New Mexico that would become one of the most famous images in the history of photography.
1942 – World War II: Matanikau Offensive begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign and ends three days later with an American victory.
1943 – World War II: In the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay, United States Marines, the 3rd Marine Division, land on Bougainville in the Solomon Islands.
1943 – World War II: In support of the landings on Bougainville, U.S. aircraft carrier forces attack the huge Japanese base at Rabaul.
1944 – World War II: Units of the British Army land at Walcheren in the Netherlands.
1945 – The official North Korean newspaper, Rodong Sinmun, is first published under the name Chongro.
1945 – Australia joins the United Nations.
1946 – Karol Wojtyla, the future Pope John Paul II, is ordained to the priesthood by Kraków's archbishop, Adam Sapieha.
1948 – Off southern Manchuria, 6,000 people die as a Chinese merchant ship explodes and sinks.
1948 – Athenagoras I, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is enthroned.
1950 – Puerto Rican nationalists Griselio Torresola and Oscar Collazo attempt to assassinate US President Harry S. Truman at Blair House.
1950 – Pope Pius XII claims papal infallibility when he formally defines the dogma of the Assumption of Mary.
1951 – Operation Buster–Jangle: Six thousand five hundred American soldiers are exposed to 'Desert Rock' atomic explosions for training purposes in Nevada. Participation is not voluntary.
1952 – Operation Ivy: The United States successfully detonates the world's first thermonuclear weapon, the hydrogen bomb, codenamed "Mike" ["M" for megaton], in the Eniwetok atoll, located in the Marshall Islands in the central Pacific Ocean. The explosion had a yield of ten megatons.
1954 – The Front de Libération Nationale fires the first shots of the Algerian War of Independence.
1954 – The Senate admonishes Joseph McCarthy and his slander campaigns.
1955 – The bombing of United Airlines Flight 629 occurs near Longmont, Colorado, killing all 39 passengers and five crew members aboard the Douglas DC-6B airliner.
1956 – The Indian states Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Mysore State are formally created under the States Reorganisation Act.
1956 – In India, Kanyakumari district is joined to Tamil Nadu state from Kerala.
1956 – The Springhill mining disaster in Springhill, Nova Scotia kills 39 miners; 88 are rescued.
1957 – The Mackinac Bridge, the world's longest suspension bridge between anchorages at the time, opens to traffic connecting Michigan's upper and lower peninsulas.
1959 – Montreal Canadiens goaltender Jacques Plante wears a protective mask for the first time in an NHL game.
1959 – In Rwanda, Hutu politician Dominique Mbonyumutwa is beaten up by Tutsi forces, leading to a period of violence known as the wind of destruction.
1960 – While campaigning for President of the United States, John F. Kennedy announces his idea of the Peace Corps.
1961 – Fifty thousand women in 60 cities participate in the inaugural Women Strike for Peace (WSP) against nuclear proliferation.
1963 – The Arecibo Observatory in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, with the largest radio telescope ever constructed, officially opens.
1963 – The 1963 South Vietnamese coup begins
1968 – The Motion Picture Association of America's film rating system is officially introduced, originating with the ratings G, M, R, and X.
1969 – The Beatles' "Abbey Road" album goes #1 in US.
1970 – Club Cinq-Sept fire in Saint-Laurent-du-Pont, France kills 146 young people.
1973 – Watergate scandal: Leon Jaworski is appointed as the new Watergate Special Prosecutor.
1973 – The Indian state of Mysore is renamed as Karnataka to represent all the regions within Karunadu.
1979 – In Bolivia, Colonel Alberto Natusch executes a bloody coup d'état against the constitutional government of Dr. Wálter Guevara.
1981 – Antigua and Barbuda gains independence from the United Kingdom.
1982 – Honda becomes the first Asian automobile company to produce cars in the United States with the opening of its factory in Marysville, Ohio. The Honda Accord is the first car produced there.
1993: The Maastricht Treaty came into effect, formally establishing the European Union (EU). The treaty was drafted in 1991 by delegates from the European Community meeting at Maastricht in the Netherlands and signed in 1992. The agreement called for a strengthened European parliament, the creation of a central European bank, and common foreign and security policies. The treaty also laid the groundwork for the establishment of a single European currency, to be known as the "euro."
2000 – Serbia and Montenegro joins the United Nations.
2012 – A fuel tank truck crashes and explodes in the Saudi Arabian capital Riyadh killing 26 people and injuring 135.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
FEAST OF ALL THE SAINTS. Double of the First Class.
Contemporary Western
All Saints' Day
Austromoine
Benignus of Dijon
Caesarius of Africa
Santa Muerte
Austromoine
Benignus of Dijon
Caesarius of Africa
Santa Muerte
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
November 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Holy Wonderworkers and Unmercenaries Cosmas and Damian of Mesopotamia
and their mother Venerable Theodota of Mesopotamia (c. 287)
Martyrs Cyrenia and Juliana in Cilicia (305)
Hieromartyr John the Bishop and James the Presbyter of Persia (345)
Martyrs Caesarius, Dacius, Sabbas, Sabinian, Agrippa, Adrian,
and Thomas at Damascus (7th century)
Saint Theolepte, martyr.
Martyrs Cyprian and Juliana
Saint Benignus of Dijon (traditionally of the 3rd century)
Martyr Mary the Slave Girl (c. 117-138)
Saint Austromoine (Austremonius, Stremoine), first Bishop of Clermont-Ferrand,
the "apostle of Auvergne" (c. 250)
Martyrs Caesarius of Africa, a Deacon of Africa, together with Julian,
a local presbyter, martyred at Terracina in Italy (c. 284-305)
Saint Maturinus (Mathurin), confessor, French exorcist and missionary,
apostle and patron of Gâtinais (c. 300)
Saint Marcellus, 9th Bishop of Paris (c. 430)
Saint Amabilis of Riom (475)[10]
Saint Cledwyn (Clydwyn), patron saint of Llangedwyn in Clwyd in Wales (5th century)
Saint Pabiali of Wales, patron-saint of Partypallai in Wales (5th/6th century)
Saint Dingad of Llandingat (5th century)[10]
Saint Vigor, disciple of St Vedast, became Bishop of Bayeux,
resolutely opposed paganism (c. 537)
Martyr Hermeningilda the Goth of Spain, prince (586)
Saint Gwythian (Gothian, Gocianus) of Cornwall (6th century)
Saint Cadfan, Abbot of Tywyn and Bardsey (6th century)
Saint Caillin, a disciple of St Aidan of Ferns in Ireland (6th century)
Saint Ceitho, one of five brothers, all saints in Wales (6th century)
Saint Licinius of Angers (Lesin, Lezin), chosen Bishop of Angers in 586
and consecrated by St Gregory of Tours (c. 616)
Saint Caesarius, Bishop of Clermont in France (c. 627)
Saint Floribert (Florbert), Abbot of monasteries in Ghent, Mont-Blandin
and Saint-Bavon in Belgium (c. 660)[10]
Saint Genesius of Lyon (c. 679)[
Saint Severinus, a monk who lived as a hermit in Tivoli in Italy (c. 699)
Saint Germanus of Montfort, born in Montfort in France, became a monk
at the monastery of Savigny, reposed as a hermit (c. 906-1000)
Venerable James of Mount Athos and his two disciples
James the Deacon and Dionysius the Monk (1520)
Venerable Saint David of Euboea (1589)
New Virgin-Martyr Helen of Sinope (18th century)
Saint Cosmas of Verkhoturye (1704)
Hieromartyrs Alexander (Smirnov), and Theodore (Remezov), Priests (1918)
Hieromartyr Demetrius (Ovechkin), Priest of Perm (1937)
Holy New Martyrs and Confessors of the Zaporizhia Eparchy (1937):
Hieromartyr Sergius (Zverev),[note 11] Archbishop of Elets and Melitopol;
Hieroconfessor Alexander (Ilyenkiv);
Hieroconfessor Dimitrius (Ihnatenko), Protopresbyter;
Hieroconfessor Victor (Kiraniv), Protopresbyter;
Hieroconfessor Michael (Bohoslovsky), Protopresbyter;
Hieromartyr Matthew (Alexandriv), Priest;
Hieromartyr Michael (Shafaniv), Priest, and his Presbytera, St Sofia;
Hieroconfessor Alexius (Usenko), Priest;
Martyr Stefan (Nalyvayko).
Virgin-martyr Elizabeth Samovskoy (1937)
Martyr Peter Ignatov (1941)
Translation of the relics of Boniface, enlightener of Germany (755)
Repose of Elder Hilarion of Valaam and Sarov (1841)
Holy Wonderworkers and Unmercenaries Cosmas and Damian of Mesopotamia
and their mother Venerable Theodota of Mesopotamia (c. 287)
Martyrs Cyrenia and Juliana in Cilicia (305)
Hieromartyr John the Bishop and James the Presbyter of Persia (345)
Martyrs Caesarius, Dacius, Sabbas, Sabinian, Agrippa, Adrian,
and Thomas at Damascus (7th century)
Saint Theolepte, martyr.
Martyrs Cyprian and Juliana
Saint Benignus of Dijon (traditionally of the 3rd century)
Martyr Mary the Slave Girl (c. 117-138)
Saint Austromoine (Austremonius, Stremoine), first Bishop of Clermont-Ferrand,
the "apostle of Auvergne" (c. 250)
Martyrs Caesarius of Africa, a Deacon of Africa, together with Julian,
a local presbyter, martyred at Terracina in Italy (c. 284-305)
Saint Maturinus (Mathurin), confessor, French exorcist and missionary,
apostle and patron of Gâtinais (c. 300)
Saint Marcellus, 9th Bishop of Paris (c. 430)
Saint Amabilis of Riom (475)[10]
Saint Cledwyn (Clydwyn), patron saint of Llangedwyn in Clwyd in Wales (5th century)
Saint Pabiali of Wales, patron-saint of Partypallai in Wales (5th/6th century)
Saint Dingad of Llandingat (5th century)[10]
Saint Vigor, disciple of St Vedast, became Bishop of Bayeux,
resolutely opposed paganism (c. 537)
Martyr Hermeningilda the Goth of Spain, prince (586)
Saint Gwythian (Gothian, Gocianus) of Cornwall (6th century)
Saint Cadfan, Abbot of Tywyn and Bardsey (6th century)
Saint Caillin, a disciple of St Aidan of Ferns in Ireland (6th century)
Saint Ceitho, one of five brothers, all saints in Wales (6th century)
Saint Licinius of Angers (Lesin, Lezin), chosen Bishop of Angers in 586
and consecrated by St Gregory of Tours (c. 616)
Saint Caesarius, Bishop of Clermont in France (c. 627)
Saint Floribert (Florbert), Abbot of monasteries in Ghent, Mont-Blandin
and Saint-Bavon in Belgium (c. 660)[10]
Saint Genesius of Lyon (c. 679)[
Saint Severinus, a monk who lived as a hermit in Tivoli in Italy (c. 699)
Saint Germanus of Montfort, born in Montfort in France, became a monk
at the monastery of Savigny, reposed as a hermit (c. 906-1000)
Venerable James of Mount Athos and his two disciples
James the Deacon and Dionysius the Monk (1520)
Venerable Saint David of Euboea (1589)
New Virgin-Martyr Helen of Sinope (18th century)
Saint Cosmas of Verkhoturye (1704)
Hieromartyrs Alexander (Smirnov), and Theodore (Remezov), Priests (1918)
Hieromartyr Demetrius (Ovechkin), Priest of Perm (1937)
Holy New Martyrs and Confessors of the Zaporizhia Eparchy (1937):
Hieromartyr Sergius (Zverev),[note 11] Archbishop of Elets and Melitopol;
Hieroconfessor Alexander (Ilyenkiv);
Hieroconfessor Dimitrius (Ihnatenko), Protopresbyter;
Hieroconfessor Victor (Kiraniv), Protopresbyter;
Hieroconfessor Michael (Bohoslovsky), Protopresbyter;
Hieromartyr Matthew (Alexandriv), Priest;
Hieromartyr Michael (Shafaniv), Priest, and his Presbytera, St Sofia;
Hieroconfessor Alexius (Usenko), Priest;
Martyr Stefan (Nalyvayko).
Virgin-martyr Elizabeth Samovskoy (1937)
Martyr Peter Ignatov (1941)
Translation of the relics of Boniface, enlightener of Germany (755)
Repose of Elder Hilarion of Valaam and Sarov (1841)
Coptic Orthodox
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