Ferries, Bridges, and Dams of the Upper Columbia, part 1

From Northport to Keller

Ferries, at least 93 of them since the mid-1800s, used to cross the Columbia River everywhere the landscape allowed a good launch site. Now, there are just three Columbia River ferries, two on Lake Roosevelt. The Columbian Princess runs between Gifford and Inchelium, 60 miles upstream from the other, the Keller Ferry, where the Sanpoil River enters the Columbia. These two ferries are free.

Passengers pay to ride a Columbia River ferry that runs between Washington and Oregon about 30 miles upstream from the Pacific Ocean.

The other ferries were displaced by 11 dams that left their landings underwater, and 22 bridges that provide unrestricted crossing.

This is by no means a comprehensive account of the many crossings of the river. One of the great things about this format is the ability to go back at any time to make additions and corrections.


Northport Ferry

This early ferry was a catamaran cable ferry. The Columbia & Red Mountain Railway Bridge can be seen in the background. Ed S. Adams began ferry service in 1892, the year Spokane Falls & Northern reached Northport. Because the west landing was on the Colville Indian Reservation it was necessary to obtain permission from the Indian Office for a ferry. Others applied, but D. C. Corbin, building the railroad, spoke to the Indian agent on behalf of Adams. Although licensed, Adams was heavily in debt and sold out to Eber C. Smith and a Mr. Ogilve. Chief Maltheros, whose people operated a ferry at Little Dalles, not wanting whites doing business, threatened the ferrymen at Northport, but the agent quieted the fuss.

The train ferry barge is shown transferring the Columbian & Red Mountain engine No. 7 and caboose from Northport to the Colville Indian reservation on April 18, 1897. Spokane Falls & Northern had laid track to Northport in 1892. Four years later, the Columbia & Red Mountain began laying track from the west bank of the Columbia opposite Northport to Rossland, British Columbia. That railroad began constructing a bridge over the Columbia to connect with track at Northport. Until the bridge was completed, track=covered barges were used to ferry trains over the Columbia.


Columbia & Red Mountain Railway Bridge

The Le Roi mine in Rossland, British Columbia, was the site of a big copper strike of 1892. Spokane shortline baron Daniel C. Corbin proposed building the Columbia & Red Mountain Railway, a seventeen mile branch line from Rossland which would connect with the Spokane Falls & Northern’s mainline at Northport, Washington, where a smelter would be constructed. It took Corbin nearly three years to obtain the necessary charters and financing to begin construction. In the meantime ore from Rossland was carried by horse drawn wagons down the Sheep Creek trail to the Columbia and ferried across to the Spokane Falls & Northern. Construction of the Columbia & Red Mountain began in May of 1895 and was completed on December 10, 1896. Cars of the Columbia and Red Mountain were ferried across the Columbia until the Northport Bridge was completed a year later.

A contract for construction of the Columbia & Red Mountain Railway’s Northport Bridge was awarded to the San Francisco Bridge Company on January 15, 1897. Work on the piers and abutments began immediately after legislation allowing construction of the bridge was signed into law by President McKinley on January 27th. There was a contractual obligation to complete the structure in five months. The bridge builder’s luck ran out in May when high waters swept the falsework out from under two partially completed spans and all work had to be suspended until the next low water period in September. The crossing opened on October 12, 1897. As reported in the Spokane Spokesman Review:

“Amid the strains of the Northport band and the tooting of whistles, the big bridge over the Columbia river carrying the Red Mountain tracks to Rossland was tested and opened for traffic yesterday afternoon. The bridge was tried by backing three loaded coal cars and four flat cars of stone pushed by the 100 ton engine, No. 3, over to the reservation side. The engines then returned, and later in the evening the freight train from Rossland came direct into the yard over the new bridge. The passenger train from Rossland today came in on time, leaving Rossland half an hour later than hitherto, owing to the saving in time of the bridge over the ferry…”

After World War I ended, a worldwide drop in the copper market forced the closure of the Rossland mines in 1919. The railroad was abandoned in 1922, having sustained losses of over $60,000 per year in the wake of the mine closures. The bridge was turned over to Stevens County. The rails were removed, the deck planked, and the span reopened as a highway bridge in 1923. It served in that capacity until

being condemned on January 27, 1947. Construction of a new highway bridge took four years and was plagued by the same ice and flooding problems encountered by the builders of the original Red Mountain bridge. Cars and trucks made the Northport crossing on a state operated ferry during this period. Several spans of the old bridge, no longer able to support their own dead weight, collapsed and fell into the river with a thunderous crash before the remains of the structure were finally demolished in 1950.


Northport Bridge

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The present steel cantilever through-truss bridge replaced the 1897 timber bridge, and was opened in 1951. It carries Washington State Route 25. It is one of a series of similar bridges built at about the same time, including the Grand Coulee Bridge and the Kettle Falls Bridges. The bridge was designed by George Stevens of the Washington State Highways, and the main span was built by the Midland Structural Steel Company. Work began in August 1946. Floods in 1948 undermined the south main pier of the steel structure, causing the design to be changed from a section of earth fill to five additional T-beam concrete approach spans. Underwater blasting was required to remove the south pier for the altered work, resulting in a 673-foot (205 m) series of concrete approach spans on the south. The Northport Bridge was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 24, 1995.

Between Northport and Kettle Falls are several places of interest, about which I may add pictures and further information, including the following:

Little Dalles, 5.65 miles downstream from Northport
China Bend
Marble 7.45 m. from Northport
Ryan 12 m. from Northport
Bossburg 16.9 m. from Northport
Evans 22.3 m. from Northport
Marcus 25 m. from Northport


Kettle Falls

Kettle Falls before 1904

Kettle Falls on the Columbia River, Stevens County, Washington ca. 1910s - Picturesque view of Kettle Falls. The backs of some people looking at the Falls can be seen in the foreground. (University of WA Libraries Special Collections/ Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture/ L94-40.51)

New highway bridge and railroad trestle at Kettle Falls, WA in 1941. Seen to the far left of them is the old 1929 steel deck truss that was being replaced and and removed. The new bridges were built higher to accomodate the rise of the Columbia River that was to occur as Lake Roosevelt was formed behind Grand Coulee Dam (the old bridge would have been partially submerged).

OBLIQUE PERSPECTIVE OF EASTERN PORTALS OF HIGHWAY AND RAILROAD SPANS
Columbia River Bridge at Kettle Falls, U.S. Route 395 spanning Columbia River, Kettle Falls
Stevens County, WA; Historic American Engineering Record, creator, 1993
Library of Congress Call Number: HAER WASH,33-KETFA.V,2-

This bridge was one of two steel cantilever spans that the Washington Department of Highways constructed to replace structures flooded by the waters rising behind Grand Coulee Dam. The Columbia River Bridge at Kettle Falls with its 600' steel-truss cantilevered and suspended structure has the longest central span of any highway bridge built in the state of Washington in the 1940s. Construction of this structure and the Spokane River Bridge at Fort Spokane were financed by the United States Bureau of Reclamation, as part of a highway relocation program in conjunction with the Grand Coulee Dam Columbia Basin Reclamation Project. The dam's construction raised the Columbia River, creating the Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake. The reservoir's formation necessitated replacing the two highway bridges and one railroad structure. The bridges were added to the National Registry of Historic Places in 1995.


Inchelium-Gifford Ferry

Gifford-Inchelium Ferry traveling across the Columbia
River ca. 1930. Photo and information courtesy of
Crossroad Archives/Stevens County Historical Society

Early cable ferry across Columbia River at Inchelium
UW Special Collections (L97-26.159),  no date

Thomas Stensgar came to the upper Columbia as an employee of the Hudson’s Bay Company. He began the ferry between Gifford and Inchelium in 1898 when the Colville Reservation was about to be opened for homesteading and prospecting by non-Indians. Shortly, after its inauguration the operation came under the control of mining promoters, J.S. Harrison and Frank Rail. Ivar Gifford took over in 1903 and named the Stevens County landing for his father, James. The west landing, Inchelium, is an Indian word meaning "the big swallows the little," referring to the emptying of Hall and Stensgar creeks into the Columbia River below Inchelium.

The crossing was made by a cable ferry until 1938 when completion of Grand Coulee Dam widened the river, slowed its current and made operation of that type of vessel impractical. The barge was freed from her cable and pushed across the river by a tug until a diesel powered ferryboat, the first of two named Miss Columbia, could be built in 1941. The old landings lie ninety feet under water.

MISS COLUMBIA, powered by two GMC Diesel engins,
glides between Gifford and Inchelium
date and photographer unknown

A new Inchelium grew up on higher ground a few miles away and the ferry shifted its landings to the new locations. The ferry service continued as a private enterprise until 1974 when the business closed as unprofitable. This compelled travelers to drive 30 miles to the Keller Ferry to cross the river. The Colville Confederated Tribes and the Bureau of Indian Affairs asked Congress for funding for a permanent ferry. The BIA arranged for a tug and barge to move autos across the lake.

Columbian Princess, 12 March 2007
 JStripes at English Wikipedia [CC BY 2.5
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5)]

In 1981, Fisherman’s Boat Shop in Everett completed the Columbian Princess on a $1.7 million contract with the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The 120-foot-long hull was towed through the Strait of Juan de Fuca to the Columbia River where it transited five sets of locks to Pasco. At Pasco in July, the ferry, with an engine and screw at each end, was placed on wheels and trucked overland, at four to six miles an hour, 108 miles to Lincoln in Lincoln County. The unusual convoy, 42 feet wide, passed over four highway bridges and 54 culverts, often creating an odd image in a sea of ripening wheat.

The Columbian Princess began operating on the crossing in 1983. The 16-car vessel, owned by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, was operated by Columbia Navigation Inc. until 1994, when the Colville Confederated Tribes took over the contract under a law that encourages tribes to run federally funded ventures that serve reservations.

Downriver some five miles (a mile north of Bissel) John McGrath began ferry operations when the South Half of the Colville Reservation was opened for mineral entry. McGrath ferried supplies for Covada, a mining community named with the first letters from the Columbia, Otin, Vernie, Ada, Dora, and Alice mines. S. A. Oens took over the ferry in 1909, the year a cowboy heavily loaded with chaps and big guns was kicked into the river by a horse.


FORT SPOKANE

SPOKANE RIVER BRIDGE FROM NORTH BANK OF RIVER, FORT SPOKANE IN BACKGROUND
Spokane River Bridge at Fort Spokane, Spanning Spokane River at State Route 25,
Miles, Lincoln County, WA; Historic American Engineering Record, creator, 1993
Library of Congress Call Number: HAER WASH,22-MILES,1--3

This bridge near the mouth of the Spokane River was one of two steel cantilever spans that the Washington Department of Highways constructed to replace structures flooded by the waters rising behind Grand Coulee Dam. The Spokane River Bridge at Fort Spokane is the largest bridge constructed in Washington in the 1940s before American involvement in World War II precluded bridge building. Financed by the United States Bureau of Reclamation, along with one other highway structure, the Columbia River Bridge at Kettle Falls, was part of a highway relocation program in conjunction with the Grand Coulee Dam Columbia Basin Reclamation Project. The dam raised the Columbia River and tributaries including the Spokane River, creating the 151-mile-long Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake. The reservoir's formation necessitated replacing the two highway bridges and one railroad structure. The cantilever design used for the Spokane River Bridge at Fort Spokane was the most economical type of bridge for the location because the river's depth even prior to the dam's construction precluded using any design that required mid-channel falsework.


Stimson's Ferry

A mile and a half below the mouth of the Spokane River, Luther Stimson began a cable ferry crossing in 1898 when the South Half of the Colville Indian Reservation was opened for mineral entry. He had ferried on the Snake River before coming here. Miners didn't use this ferry as much as they did others in the area, but it was well used by Indians going to and from the Indian agency at the mouth of the Spokane River. After Stimson died in 1910, others ferried here and nearby. One reason ferries in this part of the river were never profitable was not being near through roads and highways. Travelers frequently took unattended ferries and tried to operate them, apparently not realizing the considerable skill required. Ferries often broke loose. Another problem caused by help youself travelers was the ferry being on the other side of the river when the ferryman wanted it.


Creston Crossing

The ferry Peasley bought from the businessmen

 J. D. Peasley began operating a ferry at Creston crossing in 1904. He bought it from four Creston businessmen who had established it three years earlier, hopeing to develop a route from Creston to Keller in competition with the route through Wilbur. Their plans did not materialize. The ferry was used by a few Indians, ranchers living nearby in Ferry County, and horse thieves. Peasley's revenue averaged a measly $16.00 a month.

Barge formerly owned by Luther Stimson, 1908

In 1908 the barge owned by Luther Stimson, who ferried below the mouth of the Spokane River, broke loose in high water, floated downriver to the Creston crossing, and stuck on the rocks. Stimson dynamited it loose, but in doing so lost part of one gunwhale, so he sold it to Peasley. The barge was lost the next year when the cable broke loose. Peasley did not retrieve the barge. Years later he sold the cable to Willice Pendell for his crossing below the head of the Grand Coulee. After this there was no ferry here until the South Half of the Colville Indian Reservation was opened for homesteading in 1916 when Oscar Halverson ran a ferry. Earl Houston, ArthurHaight, Ray Lunstrum, and others ran private farries in this area in the 1920s and early 1930s.


Hellgate

Hellgate region of the Columbia River, Washington, ca. 1908.
https://digitalcollections.lib.washington.edu/digital/collection/loc/id/1098/

Hellgate Rapids, visible before Lake Roosevelt covered them, were four miles upstream from the mouth of the San Poil River.

The Hellgate Ferry was owned first in 1927 by Ernest Redford, then two years later by Bramlet Flannigan before Ferry County maintained a donated ferry. Creed Thomas began a ferry here in 1910. He kept a small store along with an orchard and berry farm. Before him, C. S. Scheibner, who logged and milled lumber on the Colville Indian Reservation, ran a ferry located upstream. Indian Moi-yan ran a row ferry four miles upriver from Hellgate Rapids at the beginning of the twentieth century. There was a large San Poil Indian village on the right bank (Lincoln County side) at thee time. Indians here were called the Whitestone Indians for a large rock bluff nearby. In the 1870s, Herman Joseph Friedlander ran a store for Indians ferrying the Columbia to his establishment on the right bank (Ferry County side).

Fred and Otto Rothlisberg's lambing crew rests on the Hellgate ferry after its carto of lambs has been offloaded. The Rothlisbergs provided a ferry barge and launch from 1930 to 1939. Ferry County maintained the operations for the few people in the southern end of the county without easy access across the river. To those utilizing it, the ferry was of great importance. Mail was crossed twice weelly in good weather and once weekly in winter.


Henry Covington

Henry Covington spearing salmon on the Columbia
at the mouth of the Sanpoil River, circa 1910

The northern portion of the Colville Indian Reservation, a half degree of latitude adjacent to the Canadian border bounded by the Columbia and Okanogan rivers, was opened to prospectors in 1896. That same year Henry Covington, a local Indian, began operating a canoe ferry across the Columbia at the mouth of the San Poil to serve the prospectors heading up the trail to the diggings on foot. The canoe was later replaced by a pole barge that Covington ran until 1916. Covington’s monopoly was short lived. The Spokane Spokesman Review reported the establishment of a cable ferry capable of handling heavier traffic on February 25, 1897.

The steamer Victory, piloted by Henry’s father “Virginia” Bill Covington, began operating in competition with the cable ferry in 1900 but the service lasted only a year because of problems with the craft’s mechanical systems.


Keller Ferry

John Christopher (J.C.) Keller was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, October 16, 1858, and came west in 1882. He conducted the post office and a general store at Hesseltine, northwest of Wilbur and when the railroad built to Davenport, Mr. Keller moved to Almira and opened a mercantile store. In 1897, anticipation of the opening of the Colville Reservation South Half to mineral entry prompted him to buy the cable ferry  across the Columbia to the San Poil, which then became known as the Keller Ferry. He opened a store near there the next year. He later opened a store at Omega or Eureka, now known as Republic. He ran a pack train up the San Poil River and later built a road along the river from the Columbia to Republic. He owned the ferry until Ferry County took over on December 9, 1926, after which he moved to Spokane, where he died April 25, 1929. His daughter, Lula, married my father's cousin, Gordon Poston.

Left: Keller Ferry, early 1900s. Right: J.C. Keller and his wife Amelia, in Spokane. Family photos
from J.C. Keller's great-granddaughter, Holly Evans, my paternal second cousin once removed.

Keller Ferry in 1936 from Ed Powell collection

In 2013 the Washington Department of Transportation launched the Sanpoil, a 20-car ferry built to replace the Martha S, a six-car ferry that had covered the mile-long route across the Columbia River north of Wilbur for 64 years. The Marha S made it's last run on Sunday, July 7.

My maternal great-grandfather, Tom Seaton, conducted the Hesseltine post office and store for a few years after he came west from Missouri in 1889, and moved down to Plum to start his ferry about 1897, also because of the South Half opening.

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To be continued

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Related Video

Echoes of Yesterday
Here is part of the untold story of Grand Coulee Dam and Lake Roosevelt:  With the Construction of Grand Coulee Dam came the creation of Lake Roosevelt, these backwaters of 180 miles lay from Central Washington up to the Canadian Border.  Grand Coulee is used for Hydro Electricity, Flood Control, Barging, Irrigation that changed 600,000 acres of desert to productive farm ground and with many more local and federal benefits. This story tells of only a portion of what the negative impacts inflicted upon the Native American tribes of this area so all others could benefit as the land was taken and flooded, lands that at one time were sacred fishing sites, home sites, river bottom lands used for towns,farming and orchards. This video tells of the attempt to relocate the ancient graves of the people that lived here since time in immemorial by Ball and Dodd funeral home.  Today the Colville Tribe receives compensation from the their lands used for water storage; the Spokane Tribe continues to seek the same consideration for its lands used for water storage by Congress and the United States.

A River of Promises
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Sources

(to be added)

In the news, Friday, October 18, 2019

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OCT 17      INDEX      OCT 19

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from The Brookings Institution

What does economic evidence tell us about the effects of rent control?
New research examining how rent control affects tenants and housing markets offers insight into how rent control affects markets. While rent control appears to help current tenants in the short run, in the long run it decreases affordability, fuels gentrification, and creates negative spillovers on the surrounding neighborhood.

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from CNN

Ethiopia opens its secretive Imperial Palace for first time
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from The Guardian (UK)

Gaelic 'disappearing' from Scottish island communities
The number of Gaelic speakers in Scotland’s island communities has plummeted in less than a decade, according to a leading Highland researcher who believes the language is on the point of “societal collapse” across Scotland. Although just over 58,000 people reported themselves as Gaelic speakers in the 2011 Scottish census, Prof Conchúr Ó Giollagáin, the director of the Language Sciences Institute at the University of the Highlands and Islands, will publish a study next year following extensive fieldwork in the Western Isles, Skye and Tiree that estimates that the vernacular group on the islands, where speakers are most heavily concentrated, does not exceed 11,000. Ó Giollagáin believes that existing policies to promote Gaelic focus too heavily on encouraging new speakers, mainly in urban areas, or promoting it as a heritage language, and that without a significant shift to supporting existing speakers, Gaelic “will continue as the language of school and heritage but not as a living language”.

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from The Heritage Foundation
RIGHT BIAS,  MIXED  American conservative think tank based in Washington, D.C.

More Ethanol Means Higher Prices — And Not Just for Gasoline
The Renewable Fuel Standard, forces suppliers to blend increasing amounts of renewable sources into domestic transportation fuel each year. The mandate also increases other crop and food prices because it changes how farmers use their land. The reality is that energy markets are unpredictable and work best when the federal government intervenes least.

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The president has warned Turkey that sanctions are likely and dispatched the vice president, secretary of state and national security adviser to the region. As the initial explosion of outrage settles, it now appears that the administration never did greenlight the Turkish incursion. On matters of great seriousness that affect all of us, we need to hear the serious Trump.

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from HumanProgress.org

Education Website

Heroes of Progress, Pt. 29: Alessandro Volta

The Italian physicist Alessandro Volta invented the world’s first electric battery. His “Voltaic pile” provided the first source of continuous electric current the world had ever seen. Through his discovery, Volta debunked the prevalent theory at the time that electricity was generated solely by living beings. Volta’s invention laid the groundwork for modern batteries. His work also helped to create the field of electrochemistry and electromagnetism.

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from iFIBER One News

Broadcasting & Media Production Company in Ephrata, WA

The latest on the Rattlesnake Ridge slide
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from Smithsonian Magazine

Media/News Company in Washington, D.C.

Part of the Badlands Opens to Bison—for the First Time in 150 Years
Last Friday, four bison waited quietly inside a grey trailer parked on the plains of South Dakota’s Badlands National Park. When the doors of the trailer swung open, the hulking animals darted out and galloped across the snow-covered, windswept landscape—the first inhabitants of territory that has not been occupied by bison since the 1870s. As Seth Tupper of the Rapid City Journal explains, staff released the bison as part of an effort to expand the animals’ range in the national park, which encompasses a stretch of dramatic rock formations, canyons and grasslands on the edge of the Great Plains in South Dakota. Bison have long roamed the rugged, western part of the park, but a parcel of privately owned land blocked their migration into the central area of the park’s North Unit, where most visitors spend their time.

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from The Spokesman-Review

Newspaper in Spokane, Washington

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In the news, Thursday, October 17, 2019

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OCT 16      INDEX      OCT 18

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________

from The Guardian (UK)

Americans becoming less Christian as over a quarter follow no religion
The United States is becoming a less Christian country, and the decline in religious affiliation is particularly rapid among younger Americans, new figures show. The proportion of US adults who describe themselves as Christian has fallen to two-thirds, a drop of 12 percentage points over the past decade, according to data from the Pew Research Center. Over the same period, the proportion of those describing themselves as atheist, agnostic or “nothing in particular” has risen by 17 percentage points to more than a quarter of the adult population.

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from The Heritage Foundation
RIGHT BIAS,  MIXED  American conservative think tank based in Washington, D.C.

The Window Is Closing for a Negotiated North Korean Denuclearization
After the collapse of denuclearization talks in Stockholm, it is clear that North Korea maintains the strategic objective of holding on to its nuclear arsenal. The U.S. should continue diplomatic attempts to reduce the North Korean nuclear threat, but should avoid the temptation to accept a weak, flawed agreement. Washington should insist that the regime agree to a detailed roadmap to denuclearization, while increasing pressure on North Korea until it demonstrates progress.

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from HumanProgress.org  Education Website

How Work Got Good: Safer, More Interesting, More Intense
Overall, jobs have become safer, more interesting—and more intense.

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from National Review  RIGHT BIAS

Is America Becoming Sinicized?
A little over 40 years ago, Chinese Communist strongman and reformer Deng Xiaoping began 15 years of sweeping economic reforms. They were designed to end the disastrous, even murderous planned economy of Mao Zedong, who died in 1976. The results of Deng’s revolution astonished the world. In four decades, China went from a backward basket case to the second-largest economy on the planet. It lifted hundreds of millions of Chinese into the global middle class. If in the past Chinese Communism impoverished its own citizens but left the world mostly alone, now it has enriched more than a billion people at home and terrified six billion abroad. Far from a newly rich China becoming Westernized politically, the West and the rest of the world are more likely to become politically repressive like China.

________

from The Spokesman-Review

Newspaper in Spokane, Washington

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In the news, Wednesday, October 16, 2019

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OCT 15      INDEX      OCT 17

________

________

from American Policy Center

NATIONAL CATTLEMEN’S BEEF ASSOCIATION’S BETRAYAL OF ITS OWN INDUSTRY
I’m not a cattleman and I’m not going to pretend I know everything you are facing. But I do know that the major weapon being used against your industry is the misnamed control devise called Sustainable Development. I know why and I know who the players are. I hope I can leave you today with some ideas on how to fight them. To begin, let’s set the terms and make one thing very clear. The use of the word sustainable may sound like a comfortable term, not threatening. After all, you, your parents, and those before them have probably been successfully working the same land for decades. That’s true sustainability. But that is not what it means to those forces pushing that term today. Sustainable today means sustained control. Sustained power. And very soon – sustainable poverty for many.

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from Asia Times

LEAST BIASED, HIGH;  News & Media Website based in Hong Kong

China’s $3.6 bn bailout insulates Turkey from US
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from Breitbart

RIGHT BIAS, MIXED, American conservative news and opinion website

Incredible Pictures: Thousands of Tractors Shut Down Highways in Farmer’s Anti-Green Madness Protest
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from The Guardian (UK)

Wildlife photographer of the year 2019 winners – in pictures
Hailing from the Chinese province of Qinghai, Yongqing Bao has won the prestigious wildlife photographer of the year 2019 title for his image The Moment, which frames the standoff between a Tibetan fox and a marmot. A powerful frame of both humour and horror, it captures the drama and intensity of nature. The images will go on display at the Natural History Museum in London from 18 October, before touring internationally

More than 200 English sites added to Heritage at Risk register
The Grand Quarter of Leeds, a Georgian tower overlooking Bath, and a group of prefabricated Victorian lighthouses are at risk of being lost forever, according to the agency in charge of preserving England’s heritage. The sites are among hundreds that have been added to the Heritage at Risk register, meaning they are deemed by Historic England to be vulnerable to decay, neglect or inappropriate development.

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from Newsweek

LEFT-CENTER BIAS,  HIGH,  American weekly news magazine

129 REPUBLICANS REBUKE TRUMP AS HOUSE VOTES TO CONDEMN PRESIDENT'S SYRIA TROOP WITHDRAWAL

Minutes before a small group of key lawmakers were scheduled to discuss the sudden withdrawal of all U.S. troops from northern Syria with President Donald Trump, 129 House Republicans broke ranks and voted Wednesday to rebuke decision. The final vote was 354-60, with all of the no votes coming from Republicans.

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from The Spokesman-Review

Newspaper in Spokane, Washington

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In the news, Tuesday, October 15, 2019

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OCT 14      INDEX      OCT 16

________

________

from The Heritage Foundation
RIGHT BIAS,  MIXED  American conservative think tank based in Washington, D.C.

Trump Executive Order Could Save Taxpayers Billions
Congress has placed larger and larger amounts of federal spending into the “mandatory” category. Congress has delegated more and more decision-making power to agencies. The new executive order is a step in the right direction. The rule, which builds off a less-binding memo issued in 2005, requires the federal government to cover the cost of agency decisions that would increase spending. The process is called administrative “pay-as-you-go,” or PAYGO.

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from Media Research Center (MRC)
(& CNSNews.com & NewsBusters)  RIGHT BIAS, MIXED
nonprofit media watchdog for politically conservative content analysis based in Reston, Virginia

Report: First Amendment Advocates Sound Alarm over Anti-‘Terrorism’ Bill

A proposed commission to bully online platforms into cracking down harder on speech has civil rights advocates outraged, The Hill's Emily Birnbaum reported. At least three bills were discussed, including ones targeting cybersecurity, drones and online platforms.

________

from The Spokesman-Review

Newspaper in Spokane, Washington

________

In the news, Monday, October 14, 2019

________

OCT 13      INDEX      OCT 15

________

________

from Hoover Institution
Nonprofit Organization in Stanford, California

John E. Clark, Jr., Railroads in the Civil War: The Impact of Management on Victory and Defeat (2001)
Christopher R. O’Dea - "This short volume illustrates the importance of management practices and political culture in adapting an emerging technology to the demands of war. The author’s position is clear—Clark contends that despite having a considerable number of rail lines within its territory, the basis of the claim that the South had an advantage early in the conflict in the form of “internal lines of communication,” and the legal authority to take control of the railroads for military purposes, the Confederate leadership “proved unable” to recognize the increasing importance of logistics as the conflict wore on."

________

from The Spokesman-Review

Newspaper in Spokane, Washington

________

from Zero Hedge

Erdogan Holding 50 US Tactical Nukes 'Hostage' As Trump Authorizes Sanction
Amid all the media and pundit outrage since Turkey's President Erdogan launched his so-called 'Operation Peace Spring' into northeast Syria last week, vowing to wipe out Syrian Kurdish forces who've long held the border areas, what's been largely missing is acknowledgement of the uncomfortable fact that NATO ally Turkey has long hosted a major portion of America's nuclear Cold War-era arsenal stored across Europe. And as Erdogan threatens to "open the doors and send 3.6 million migrants" to Europe while under increased international criticism for the rapidly rising civilian death toll in Syria, The New York Times reports the following bombshell Monday: some 50 US tactical nukes are "now essentially Erdogan’s hostages".

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In the news, Sunday, October 13, 2019

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OCT 12      INDEX      OCT 14

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from The Guardian (UK)

Restored 19th-century ships' figureheads to go on display in Plymouth
A collection of 19th-century wooden figureheads from British naval warships has been lovingly restored from the ravages of years at sea and will form a striking display at a new heritage and arts complex in Plymouth. The 14 figureheads, some of which were so badly water-damaged that their insides had turned into a soggy mulch, are to be suspended from the ceiling of The Box gallery and museum, which is due to open in the spring.

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from The Spokesman-Review

Newspaper in Spokane, Washington

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In the news, Saturday, October 12, 2019

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OCT 11      INDEX      OCT 13

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from The Spokesman-Review

Newspaper in Spokane, Washington

U.S. consumers snap up Italian Parmesan before tariffs hit
U.S. consumers who appreciate the tang of aged Italian Parmesan cheese as an aperitif or atop their favorite pasta dish are stocking up ahead of next week’s tariff hike and as dairy producers in the two countries square off. The new tariffs – up from $2.15 to about $6 per 2.2 pounds, equal to a kilogram – take effect on Oct. 18. Parmesan cheese is on a long list of EU products targeted by the Trump administration for retaliatory tariffs approved by the World Trade Organization for illegal EU subsidies to aviation giant Airbus.

Sue Lani Madsen: Rescue crews have to act, even if they get fined for it later
Everyone was just doing his job. When the Pullman Fire Department was called out for traffic control last April, they didn’t expect to be facing water rising from 3 inches to 3 feet in minutes. They did what firefighters do. They rescued 22 people from urban floodwaters using equipment at hand. When the Department of Labor & Industries received a complaint about an unsafe work situation, it investigated how it could have been done better. It did what L&I does. It issued recommendations, citations and a fine.

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Billy Curlew on Sam Seaton's Ferry

Billy Curlew holding the team; Clair Seaton on the rail; Eleanor Seaton  standing right foreground, Sam Seaton standing behind

One of my favorite family photographs shows Billy Curlew, then close to 63, holding the team. My uncle Clair is sitting on the rail, my aunt Eleanor standing right foreground, and my grandfather Sam Seaton standing behind. It was taken about 1925 (based on the apparent ages of Clair, born in September 1915, and Eleanor, about 2 years older).

Billy Curlew was born in 1862 while his band was on a root digging trip to the present Ephrata - Soap Lake area, at a summer village site called En Tach Wa Num. Orphaned soon after birth in 1862,  he was raised in the household of Chief Moses of the Kawachkina or Columbias. Billy's Indian name was Cul Lul Kah Low (Like Turning). When he was a boy he usually lived during the winter at the permanent village of Kum Muk A Quatch (Small Hill by the Water), thirty miles upstream from Vantage near the upper end of Crescent Bar. This was the home village of Moses during winter. Billy's grandfather and Moses' grandfather appear to have been brothers. 

From 1884 on he lived on the Colville Reservation. Billy was known as one of the most able, reliable horsemen among the Indians. In July 1919. at the Indian Celebration at Inchelium, on a hots race he wagered $500 his Buckskin Horse would run the 20 mile rough road from Kettle Falls to Inchelium, faster than two big Canadian Indians could paddle their light canoe down the foaming Columbia, through whirlpools and dangerous drift. Few people backed the horse, so Billy was able to obtain odds. Later he refused $2,000 for the horse. The town of Curlew was named for him. He was elected chief of the Colville Indian tribe in 1936. He died May 25, 1961, two days after the funeral of Chief Jim James. As was the case with Jim James, all of Billy's children and grandchildren died of tuberculosis and other diseases of civilization. Later, when he lost his faithful wife of many years, Billy did not remarry as had James.

Billy Curlew, Columbia band, near old campsite on Dry Ford Creek, October 1956

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Shortened (200 word limit) version:

One of my favorite family photograph from about 1925 shows Billy Curlew, then about 63, holding the team, my uncle Clair sitting on the rail, aunt Eleanor standing right foreground, and grandfather Sam Seaton standing behind.

Billy Curlew was born about 1862 while his band was on a root digging trip to the present Ephrata-Soap Lake area, at a summer village site called En Tach Wa Num. Orphaned soon after birth, he was raised in the household of his second cousin, Chief Moses of the Kawachkina or Columbias. Billy's Indian name was Cul Lul Kah Low (Like Turning). When he was a boy he usually lived during the winter at the permanent village of Kum Muk A Quatch (Small Hill by the Water), the winter home village of Moses, thirty miles upstream from Vantage.

From 1884 on he lived on the Colville Reservation. Billy was known as one of the most able, reliable horsemen among the Indians. The town of Curlew was named for him. He was elected chief of the Colville Indian tribe in 1936. He died May 25, 1961, two days after the funeral of Chief Jim James.


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Online Sources:

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https://digitalcollections.lib.washington.edu/digital/collection/imlsmohai/id/7517

Billy Curlew with Herman Friedlander, probably on the Colville Indian Reservation, September 28, 1953
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https://content.libraries.wsu.edu/digital/collection/cullwhite/id/173/

Two unidentified Native American men, Billy Curlew, and Cull A. White

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INVESTIGATE INDIAN AFFAIRS

HEARINGS BEFORE A SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS

https://books.google.com/books?id=-VchkZMCg9kC&pg=PA759&lpg=PA759&dq=billy+curlew&source=bl&ots=vVECO-t4dg&sig=ACfU3U06rCbPD13Bf_Rm72YJQZ7wCzvw6g&hl=en&ppis=_e&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj-i7b66KzlAhXRvJ4KHcv5AnA4ChDoATAIegQIBhAB#v=onepage&q=billy%20curlew&f=false


On October 3, 1944, the subcommittee met in Yakima. Several members of the Colville tribes gave statements, including Peter Dan Moses and Billy Curlew.  p. 759

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from Tribal Tribune
Media/News Company in Nespelem, Washington

Washington family donates archaeological materials
Donation to Colville Tribal History/Archaeology program includes cradleboard that once belonged to Cull White

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untitled
pdf manuscript of field trip to Kawachkin by Click Relander - ‎1954
The Kawachkin informant was Billy Curlew, enrolled and allotted on the Colville Reservation. The interpreter was Hernan Friedlander,

https://archives.yvl.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11867/8013/DOC-025-09-001.pdf?sequence=1

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pdf manuscript: Recollections of Billy Curlew, by Cull White

https://archives.yvl.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11867/7898/MNS-061-23-001.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

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Natives Of The Pacific Northwest And Their Legecy

Billy Curlew ( Town Of Curlew Named For Him)
San Poil Tribe

https://www.pbase.com/mad_monte1/natives_of_the_pacific_northwest

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Photo of Billy Curlew  late 1950s

https://www.facebook.com/NNAIOP/photos/billy-curlew-sanpoil-circa-1950/10151919474955578/

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In the news, Friday, October 11, 2019

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OCT 10      INDEX      OCT 12

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from The Guardian (UK)

Westminster Abbey treasures go on display for 750th anniversary
A precious fragment of the shroud of Edward the Confessor and ancient royal manuscripts will be laid on the high altar at Westminster Abbey during a service to celebrate the 750th anniversary of the gothic church. The abbey was consecrated on 13 October 1269 after Henry III rebuilt a basilica constructed on the same site by St Edward, the Anglo-Saxon king and the first English saint to be canonised by Rome. The Queen and the Duchess of Cornwall will attend the anniversary event on Tuesday where some of the abbey’s most beloved treasures will be on show.

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from HumanProgress.org  Education Website

Stuff of Progress, Pt. 1: Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a keystone in the world's food chain, providing billions of humans with the energy to drive human progress forward.

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from The Spokesman-Review

Newspaper in Spokane, Washington

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