Monday, August 26, 2013

August 24 in history


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AUG 23      INDEX      AUG 25


Events


49 BC – Julius Caesar's general Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River by the Numidians under Publius Attius Varus and King Juba of Numidia. Curio commits suicide to avoid capture.

79 – Believed until 2018 to be the date of the massive eruption of Mt. Vesuvius. The cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Stabiae are buried in volcanic ash. This traditional date has been challenged, and many scholars believe that the event occurred on October 24.

394 – The Graffito of Esmet-Akhom, the latest known inscription in Egyptian hieroglyphs, was written.

410 – The Visigoths under king Alaric I begin to pillage Rome, overrun for the first time in nearly 800 years. This is seen as the fall of the Western Roman Empire

455 – The Vandals, led by king Genseric, begin to plunder Rome. Pope Leo I requests Genseric not destroy the ancient city or murder its citizens. He agrees and the gates of Rome are opened. However, the Vandals loot a great amount of treasure.

1185 – Sack of Thessalonica by the Normans.

1200 – King John of England, signer of the first Magna Carta, marries Isabella of Angoulême in Bordeaux Cathedral.

1215 – Pope Innocent III declares Magna Carta invalid.

1349 – Six thousand Jews are killed in Mainz after being blamed for the bubonic plague.

1349 Jews of Cologne Germany set themselves on fire to avoid baptism

1391 – Jews are massacred in Palma de Mallorca.

1456 – The printing of the Gutenberg Bible is completed.

1482 – The town and castle of Berwick upon Tweed is captured from Scotland by an English army.

1511 Afonso de Albuquerque of Portugal conquers Malacca, the capital of the Sultanate of Malacca.

1516 – The Ottoman Empire under Selim I defeats the Mamluk Sultanate and captures present-day Syria at the Battle of Marj Dabiq.

1542 Conquistador Francisco de Orellana returns to Spain

1558 Battle of Gravelines: English fleet beats Spanish

1561 – Willem of Orange marries duchess Anna of Saxony.

1572 St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of Protestants by Roman Catholics begins in Paris and later spreads to the French provinces

1608 – The first official English representative to India lands in Surat.

1635 The Great Colonial Hurricane affected the Virginia Colony at Jamestown

1662 – The Act of Uniformity requires England to accept the Book of Common Prayer.

1682 – The area that is now the state of Delaware is given by Duke James of York to William Penn, and added to his colony of Pennsylvania.

1690 – Job Charnock of the East India Company sets up East India Company HQ camp by Kalikata village (moder Calcutta), an event formerly considered the founding of the city (in 2003 the Calcutta High Court ruled that the city has no birthday).

1704 Battle of Málaga: largest naval battle in the War of the Spanish Succession; Tactically indecisive but a Grand Alliance strategic victory

1751 Thomas Colley executed in England for drowning a supposed witch

1781 – American Revolutionary War: A small force of Pennsylvania militia is ambushed and overwhelmed by an American Indian group, which forces George Rogers Clark to abandon his attempt to attack Detroit.

1787 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart completes his violin and piano sonata in A, K526

1789 French Revolution: The National Assembly proclaims freedom of speech

1812 – Peninsular War: A coalition of Spanish, British, and Portuguese forces succeed in lifting the two-and-a-half-year-long Siege of Cádiz.

1814 – British troops invade Washington, D.C. and during the Burning of Washington the White House, the Capitol and many other buildings are set ablaze.

1815 – The modern Constitution of the Netherlands is signed.

1816 – The Treaty of St. Louis is signed in St. Louis, Missouri by the USA and the united tribes of Ottawa, Ojibwa, and Potawatomi.

1820 – Constitutionalist insurrection at Oporto, Portugal.

1821 – The Treaty of Córdoba is signed in Córdoba, now in Veracruz, Mexico, concluding the Mexican War of Independence from Spain.

1826 Netherlands South Willems Port (Bosch-Liege) opens

1828 Dutch army takes Fort Du Bus in New Guinea

1831 John Henslow asks Charles Darwin to travel with him on the HMS Beagle

1833 HMS Beagle reaches Bahia Blanca, Argentina

1847 Charlotte Brontë finishes manuscript of "Jane Eyre"

1853 1st potato chips prepared by chef George Crum at Moon's Lake House, near Saratoga Springs, New York (popular legend says he invented though earlier recipes exist)

1854 National emigration convention meets in Cleveland

1857 – The Panic of 1857 begins, setting off one of the most severe economic crises in United States history.

1858 Richmond "Daily Dispatch" reports 90 blacks arrested for learning

1869 American inventor Cornelius Swarthout patents stove-top waffle iron

1870 – The Wolseley Expedition reaches Manitoba to end the Red River Rebellion.

1875 – Captain Matthew Webb became first person to swim the English Channel.

1877 American outlaw John Wesley Hardin, wanted for murder, is arrested by Texas Rangers on a train in Pensacola, Florida

1891 – Thomas Edison patents the motion picture camera.

1893 Tornado destroys coast of Savannah & Charleston, about 1000 die

1898 – Count Muravyov, Foreign Minister of Russia presents a rescript that convoked the First Hague Peace Conference.

1904 Battle of Liao-Yang-200,000 Japanese against 150,000 Russian, Japanese tactical victory

1909 – Workers start pouring concrete for the Panama Canal.

1911 Manuel d'Arriaga elected first president of Portugal

1912 NYC ticker tape parade for Jim Thorpe & victorious US Olympians

1912 District of Alaska becomes an organized incorporated territory of the United States

1912 US passes Anti-gag law, federal employees right to petition government

1914 – World War I: German troops capture Namur, Belgium.

1914 – World War I: The Battle of Cer ends as the first Allied victory in the war.

1914 PAul Rubens and Sidney Green's musical (with additional songs by Jerome Kern and Herbert Reynolds) "The Girl from Utah" premieres at the Knickerbocker Theatre, NYC

1919 – Having pitched into the 9th inning Cleveland's Ray Caldwell is flattened by a bolt of lightning; goes on to record final out for Indians' 2-1 win over Philadelphia A's

1920 With British approval, Greece is encouraged to take offensive action against Turkish nationalists in Asia Minor

1921 Battle of Sakaray Valley begins between Turkey & Greece

1921 British airship R-38 crashes in River Humber, 44 die

1929 Turkey & Persia sign friendship treaty

1929 – Second day of two-day Hebron massacre during the 1929 Palestine riots: Arab attacks on the Jewish community in Hebron in the British Mandate of Palestine, result in the death of 65-68 Jews and the remaining Jews being forced to leave the city.

1931 – France and the Soviet Union sign a neutrality/no attack treaty.

1931 – Resignation of the United Kingdom's Second Labour Government. Formation of the UK National Government.

1932 – Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to fly across the United States non-stop (from Los Angeles to Newark, New Jersey).

1933:  Funds for the Ogden River Project in Utah were allotted under the National Industrial Recovery Act.

1933 – The Crescent Limited train derails in Washington, D.C., after the bridge it is crossing is washed out by the 1933 Chesapeake–Potomac hurricane.

1936 – The Australian Antarctic Territory is created.

1936 FDR gives the FBI the authority to pursue fascists and communists

1937 – Spanish Civil War: the Basque Army surrenders to the Italian Corpo Truppe Volontarie following the Santoña Agreement.

1937 – Spanish Civil War: Sovereign Council of Asturias and León is proclaimed in Gijón.

1937 – Spanish Civil War: Republican offensive near Belchite, Spain

1939 Germany & USSR sign 10-year non-aggression pact

1940 Luftwaffe bombs London

1941 – Adolf Hitler orders the cessation of Nazi Germany's systematic T4 euthanasia program of the mentally ill and the handicapped due to protests, although killings continue for the remainder of the war.

1942 – World War II: The Battle of the Eastern Solomons. Japanese aircraft carrier Ryūjō is sunk and US carrier USS Enterprise heavily damaged.

1942 Transport #23 departs with French Jews to nazi-Germany

1944 – World War II: Allied troops begin the attack on Paris.

1949 – The treaty creating the North Atlantic Treaty Organization goes into effect.

1950 – Edith Sampson becomes the first black U.S. delegate to the United Nations.

1954 – US President Eisenhower signs Communist Control Act at height of McCarthyism, outlawing the American Communist Party.

1954 – Getúlio Dornelles Vargas, president of Brazil, commits suicide and is succeeded by João Café Filho.

1954 International Amateur Athletic Federation recognizes Red China

1954 William Heatherton's "Reluctant Debutante" premieres in London

1956 1st non-stop transcontinental helicopter flight arrived Washington, D.C.

1959 Hiram L Fong sworn in as 1st Chinese-American senator while Daniel K Inouye sworn in as 1st Japanese-American Rep (Both from Hawaii)

1960 -127°F (-88°C), Vostok, Antarctica (world record)

1960 60 people die when a bus plunges off bridge into Turvo River, Brazil

1961 Windward Islands' Airways International (Winair) forms

1961 Former South African nazi leader Johannes Vorster becomes South Africa's minister of justice

1962:  The Arbuckle Project, which regulates flow of Rock Creek, a tributary of the Washita River in south-central in Oklahoma, was approved.

1962 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site

1963 – Buddhist crisis: As a result of the Xá Lợi Pagoda raids, the US State Department cables the United States Embassy, Saigon to encourage Army of the Republic of Vietnam generals to launch a coup against President Ngo Dinh Diem if he did not remove his brother Ngo Dinh Nhu.

1966 USSR launches Luna 11 for orbit around Moon

1967 – Led by Abbie Hoffman, the Youth International Party temporarily disrupts trading at the New York Stock Exchange by throwing dollar bills from the viewing gallery, causing trading to cease as brokers scramble to grab them.

1967 Liberia adopts national flag designed and hand-stitched by a committee of seven women chaired by Susannah Elizabeth Lewis; all of the women were born in the US

1968 France becomes the world's fifth thermonuclear power with a detonation on Mururoa Atoll in the South Pacific

1968 Northern Ireland's first civil rights march held; many more marches would be held over the following year and Loyalists organized counter-demonstrations to get the marches banned

1969 Peru nationalizes US oil interests

1970 Bomb kills 1 at U of Wisconsin's Army Math Research Center in Madison

1975 Papadopoulos, Pattakos and Makarezos sentenced to death in Athens

1976 Soyuz 21 returns to Earth

1978 USSR performs underground nuclear test

1981 – Mark David Chapman is sentenced to 20 years to life in prison for murdering John Lennon.

1985 STS 51-I mission scrubbed at T -5m because of bad weather

1987 Announcement of possible Martian tornadoes

1989 British brewery Bass buys Holiday Inn hotel chain

1989 – Colombian drug barons declare "total war" on the Colombian government.

1989 – Cincinnati Reds manager Pete Rose is banned for life from baseball for gambling by Commissioner A. Bartlett Giamatti.

1989 – Tadeusz Mazowiecki is chosen as the first non-communist Prime Minister in Central and Eastern Europe.

1990 3,500 peacekeepers arrive in Liberia

1990 Iraqi troops surround US & other embassies in Kuwait City

1991 – Mikhail Gorbachev resigns as head of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

1991 – Ukraine declares itself independent from the Soviet Union.

1992 – Hurricane Andrew hits South Florida, making landfall at Elliott Key and later Homestead as a Category 5 hurricane; 44 die and $25 billion in damage is recorded

1992 Diplomatic relations are established between the People's Republic of China and South Korea.

1993 Mars Observer comes closest to Mars

1994 – Israel & PLO initial accord giving about partial self-rule of the Palestinians on the West Bank.

1995 Fire that wipes 6,000 acres begins in Hamptons on Long Island

1995 Microsoft debuts Windows 95

1997 Gordon Spence discovers 2^2976221 - 1 (36th known Mersenne prime)

1998 The Netherlands is selected as the site for the trial of the two Libyan suspects of the 1988 Pan Am bombing.

1998 – First radio-frequency identification (RFID) human implantation tested in the United Kingdom.

2000 Argon fluorohydride, the first Argon compound ever known, is discovered at the University of Helsinki by Finnish scientists.

2001 – Air Transat Flight 236 runs out of fuel over the Atlantic Ocean (en route to Lisbon from Toronto) and makes an emergency landing in the Azores.

2004 – Eighty-nine passengers die after two airliners explode after flying out of Domodedovo International Airport, near Moscow. The explosions are caused by suicide bombers (reportedly female) from the Russian Republic of Chechnya.

2006 – The International Astronomical Union (IAU) redefines the term "planet" such that Pluto is now considered a dwarf planet.

2009 Thailand's GDP grew 2.3% in 2009's second quarter, technically leaving the recession

2009 "Love Like Crazy" single released by Lee Brice (Billboard Song of the Year 2010)

2010 – In San Fernando, Tamaulipas, Mexico, 72 illegal immigrants are killed by Los Zetas and eventually found dead by Mexican authorities.

2011 Steve Jobs resigns as CEO of Apple Inc., and is succeeded by Tim Cook, as a result of his illness

2012 Monsoon rains and floods kill 26 people in Pakistan

2012 Yangmingtan Bridge collapses in China killing three people

2012 A US jury in California finds that Samsung is guilty of patent infringement and awards over US$1 billion in damages to Apple meanwhile in a South Korea court both are found guilty of patent infringement

2013 4 people are killed in a helicopter crash in the Shetland Islands

2013 30 people are killed in a gang battle involving flame throwers in Palmasola prison, Bolivia

2014 Nurse William Pooley flies back to the UK for emergency treatment after contracting Ebola virus after attempting to treat patients in Sierra Leone

2014 – A 6.0 magnitude earthquake strikes Napa, California, in the northern San Francisco Bay area, It was the largest earthquake to strike northern California since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake.

2015 China stock market's "Black Monday", Shanghai Composite loses 8.5%, sending other international markets lower

2015 Physicist Stephen Hawking presents a new theory on black holes at a lecture at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

2015 Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg announces that for the 1st time 1 billion people logged into Facebook

2016 Astronomers announce discovery of earth-like planet named Proxima b orbiting star Proxima Centauri

2016 6.2-magnitude earthquake strikes central Italy, north east of Rome, killing 268, injuring 400

2017 Largest-ever lottery jackpot win in the US - $758.7m won by Mavis Wanczyk of Massachusetts in US Powerball Jackpot

2018 Aerosmith lead singer Steven Tyler sends cease-and-desist letter to US President Trump demanding he stop using the band's songs at rallies

2018 Scott Morrison becomes Prime Minister of Australia after defeating Peter Dutton in a leadership spill, replacing Malcolm Turnbull

2019 Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro orders the army to help contain fires in the Amazon after widespread environmental destruction, wildlife loss and international criticism

2019 Britain's Prince Andrew denies knowing his friend Jeffrey Epstein was involved in sexual trafficking of underage girls after public accusations made against him

2019 US adventurer Victor Vescovo is the first person to visit the deepest point of every ocean when he reaches Molloy Hole, in the Arctic

2020 First documented case of a person being re-infected with COVID-19 a second time, a Hong Kong man four months after first infection

2021 Kathy Hochul becomes the first female Governor of New York, replacing Andrew Cuomo after his resignation

2021 UN says Madagascar on brink of world's first "climate change famine" with people suffering "catastrophic" levels of hunger, after four years without rain

2022 South Korea again records the world's lowest fertility rate at 0.81 (advanced economics average 1.6, population replacement needs 2.1)

2022 US President Biden announces plan to cancel student loan debts by $10,000 (for those earning less than $125,000) and $20,000 for those who had received Pell grants

2022 British-Belgian teen Mack Rutherford (17) becomes youngest person to fly solo around the world, landing at Sofia, Bulgaria, after a five-month journey across 52 countries.




Saints' Days and Holy Days

Traditional Western

Bartholomew, Apostle.     Double of the Second Class.


Contemporary Western

Abban of Ireland
Aurea of Ostia
Bartholomew
Ouen


Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran



Eastern Orthodox

August 24 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

Hieromartyr Eutychius (1st century), disciple of St. John the Theologian
Martyr Tation, at Claudiopolis (Bithynia) (305)
Virginmartyr Kyra of Persia (558)
Saint George Limniotes the Confessor, of Mt. Olympus in Bithynia (716)

Saint Ptolemy (Ptolemaeus), by tradition a disciple of the Apostle Peter
      he became Bishop of Nepi in Tuscany in Italy, where he was martyred (1st century)
Saint Romanus of Nepi, a Bishop and martyr of Nepi in Tuscany, Italy
      by tradition a disciple of St Ptolemy (1st century)
Saint Aurea of Ostia, an early martyr in Ostia in Italy (c. 270)
Saint Patrick, a bishop in Ireland, surnamed Patrick the Elder,
      whose relics were later enshrined at Glastonbury in England (c. 450)
Saint Yrchard (Irchard, Yarcard), a priest in Scotland,
      consecrated bishop by St Ternan to work among the Picts (5th century)
Saint Ouen (Audöenus, Audoin, Aldwin, Owen, Dado),
      Archbishop of Rouen, Gaul, Confessor (c. 683)
Saint Bregwin, Twelfth Archbishop of Canterbury (764)
Saint Sandratus (Sandradus), Abbot of Gladbach, and in 981 Abbot of Weissenburg (986)

Saint Martyrius, Archbishop of Novgorod (1199)
Hieromartyr Athanasius II, Patriarch of Jerusalem (1244)
Venerable Arsenius, founder of Komel Monastery (Vologda), Wonderworker (1550)
Venerable Serapion the Wonderworker, abbot of the Monastery of St. John the Baptist
      at David Gareja monastery complex, Georgia (1774)
New Hieromartyr Cosmas of Aetolia, Equal-to-the-Apostles (1779)
Saint Aristocleus, Elder, of Moscow and Mt. Athos (1918)
New Hieromartyr Maxim Sandovich, Priest, of Lemkovina, Poland (1914)
New Hieromartyr Seraphim (Shakhmut), Archimandrite, of Grodno (Belorussia) (1946)

Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos "Petrovskaya" ("of St. Peter of Moscow") (ca. 1306)
Appearance of the Most Holy Theotokos (c. 1385) to St. Sergius of Radonezh (1392)
Translation of the relics (1479) of St. Peter of Moscow, Metropolitan of Kiev and Moscow (1326)
Translation of the relics (1716) of St. Dionysios of Zakynthos, Archbishop of Aegina (1624)


Coptic Orthodox





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