Friday, August 23, 2013

August 23 in history


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AUG 22      INDEX      AUG 24

30 BC – After the successful invasion of Egypt, Octavian executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, eldest son of Mark Antony, and Caesarion, the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and only child of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra.

20 BC – Ludi Volcanalici are held within the temple precinct of Vulcan, and used by Augustus to mark the treaty with Parthia and the return of the legionary standards that had been lost at the Battle of Carrhae in 53 BC.

79 – Mount Vesuvius begins stirring, on the feast day of Vulcan, the Roman god of fire.

406 – Gothic king Radagaisus is executed after he is defeated by Roman general Stilicho and 12,000 "barbarians" are incorporated into the Roman army or sold as slaves.

476:  In Rome, Odoacer, chieftain of the Germanic tribes (Herulic - Scirian foederati), is proclaimed rex Italiae ("King of Italy") by his troops, relegating the last Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustulus, to a villa near Naples; thus ending the Western Empire.

634 – Abu Bakr dies at Medina and is succeeded by Umar I who becomes the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.

1046 King Henry III gives money to Utrecht Deventer diocese

1059 Treaty of Melfi: Pope Nicholas II recognized the Norman conquest of Southern Italy by appointing Norman adventurer Robert Guiscard Duke of Apulia and Calabria and Count of Sicily.

1244 – Siege of Jerusalem: The city's citadel, the Tower of David, surrenders to Khwarezmian Empire.

1268 – Battle of Tagliacozzo: The army of Charles of Anjou defeats the Ghibellines supporters of Conradin of Hohenstaufen marking the fall of the Hohenstaufen family from the Imperial and Sicilian thrones, and leading to the new chapter of Angevin domination in Southern Italy.

1305 – Sir William Wallace is executed for high treason by Edward I of England at Smithfield, London

1328 – Battle of Cassel: French troops stop an uprising of Flemish farmers.

1382 – Siege of Moscow: The Golden Horde led by khan Tokhtamysh lays siege to the capital of the Grand Duchy of Moscow.

1441 Holland & Hanzesteden sign cease fire treaty

1500 Governor Francisco De Bobadilla arrives in the Indies, soon after arrests and sends former Governor Christopher Columbus back to Spain in chains

1514 – The Battle of Chaldiran ends with a decisive victory for the Sultan Selim I, Ottoman Empire, over the Shah Ismail I, founder of the Safavid dynasty.

1521 – Christian II of Denmark is deposed as king of Sweden and Gustav Vasa is elected regent.

1541 – French explorer Jacques Cartier lands near Quebec City in his third voyage to Canada.

1542 Rabbi Joseph Caro completes his commentary of Tur Code

1553 Bishop Stephen Gardiner appointed English Lord Chancellor

1566 Beeldenstorm reaches Amsterdam

1572 – French Wars of Religion Mob violence against Huguenots in Paris results in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre.

1582 Francis of Valois, Duke of Anjou pays tribute to earl of Flanders

1592 – Japanese invasions of Korea: The Yeongwon Castle is besieged by the Japanese Fourth Division led by Itō Suketaka.

1595 – Long Turkish War: Wallachian prince Michael the Brave confronts the Ottoman army in the Battle of Călugăreni and achieves a tactical victory.

1600 – Battle of Gifu Castle: The eastern forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu defeat the western Japanese clans loyal to Toyotomi Hideyori, leading to the destruction of Gifu Castle and serving as a prelude to the Battle of Sekigahara.

1614 – Fettmilch Uprising: Jews are expelled from Frankfurt, Holy Roman Empire, following the plundering of the Judengasse.

1614 – The University of Groningen is established in the Dutch Republic.

1617 1st one-way streets open (London)

1628 – George Villiers, the first Duke of Buckingham, is assassinated by John Felton.

1650 – Colonel George Monck of the English Army forms Monck's Regiment of Foot, which will later become the Coldstream Guards.

1655 – Battle of Sobota: The Swedish Empire led by Charles X Gustav defeats the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

1708 Meidingnu Pamheiba is crowned King of Manipur.

1711 Admiral Hovenden Walkers fleet reach St Lawrence

1765 – Beginning of Burmese–Siamese War.

1775 – American Revolutionary War: King George III delivers his Proclamation of Rebellion to the Court of St James's stating that the American colonies have proceeded to a state of open and avowed rebellion.

1784 – Western North Carolina (now eastern Tennessee) declares itself an independent state under the name of Franklin; it is not accepted into the United States, and only lasts for four years.

1789 French Revolution: The National Assembly proclaims freedom of religious opinions

1793 French Revolution: The National Convention adopts the levée en masse, conscripting all able-bodied men between 18 and 25 for military service during the French Revolutionary Wars

1796 African Methodist Episcopal Church incorporated

1799 – Napoleon I of France leaves Egypt for France en route to seizing power.

1813 – At the Battle of Großbeeren, the Prussians under Von Bülow repulse the French army.

1838 Mt Holyoke Female Seminary (South Hadley, Mass) 1st graduating class

1839 – The United Kingdom captures Hong Kong as a base as it prepares for war with Qing China. The ensuing 3-year conflict will later be known as the First Opium War.

1850 1st US National Women's Rights Convention convenes in Worcester, Massachusetts

1858 – The Round Oak rail accident occurs in Brierley Hill in the Black Country, England. It is 'Arguably the worst disaster ever to occur on British railways'.

1862 Skirmish at Big Hill, Kentucky (2 Federal regiments)

1864 – The Union Navy captures Fort Morgan, Alabama, thus breaking Confederate dominance of all ports on the Gulf of Mexico except Galveston, Texas.

1866 – Austro-Prussian War ends with the Treaty of Prague.

1869 – After a 16-day trip, the first carload of rail freight arrives in San Francisco from Boston.

1872 1st Japanese commercial ship visits San Francisco, carrying tea

1873 – Albert Bridge in Chelsea, London opens.

1879 Governor-general Charles Gordon of Sudan returns to Cairo

1889 1st ship-to-shore wireless message ("Sherman is sighted") received in the US from Lightship No. 70 to a coastal receiving station at Cliff House in San Francisco

1896 – Officially recognised date of the Cry of Pugad Lawin, the start of the Philippine Revolution is made in Pugad Lawin (Quezon City), in the province of Manila (actual date and location is disputed).

1898 – The Southern Cross Expedition, the first British venture of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration, departs from London.

1900 National Negro Business League organizes (Boston)

1902:  Nearly six years after publishing her best-known book "The Boston Cooking-School Cook Book," Fannie Farmer left the the school and opened Miss Farmer's School of Cookery - aimed not at professional cooks but at training housewives.

1903 6th Zionist Congres, Theodor Herzl declares Jewish state

1904 – The automobile tire chain is patented.

1904 – Cuba's 1st president Tomés Estrada Palma asks for US intervention

1911 – British Prime Minister H. H. Asquith holds secret meeting about British strategy in case of war with Germany

1914 – German troops plunder Belgium (-24)

1914 – Gen von Hausen executes 612 inhabitants of Dinant, Belgium

1914 – World War I: Japan declares war on Germany and bombs Qingdao, China.

1914 – World War I: Battle of Mons: General Alexander von Kluck's troops forced British Army to begin a withdrawal.

1915 – Tsar Nicolaas II takes control of Russian Army

1916 – Military court of Berlin sentences socialist Karl Liebknecht to 4 years

1917 – Race riot in Houston Texas (2 blacks & 11 whites killed)

1919 – "Gasoline Alley" cartoon strip premieres in Chicago Tribune

1920 – Mary Roberts Rinehart & Avery Roberts play "The Bat" based on Reinhart's novel "The Circular Staircase" premieres on Broadway in New York

1921 – British declare a truce with Irish Nationalists Sinn Féin

1921 – Austria and the US formally end war; the US does the same with Germany on the 25th, and Hungary on the 29th

1921 – British airship R-38 experiences structural failure over Hull in England and crashes in the Humber estuary. Of her 49 British and American training crew, only four survive.

1923 – Captain Lowell Smith and Lieutenant John P. Richter performed the first mid-air refueling on De Havilland DH-4B, setting an endurance flight record of 37 hours.

1923 – Mars' closest approach to Earth since 10th century

1020s - Payroll Office (Sacco and
Vanzetti Crime Scene)  5 Pearl
Street, Braintree, Massachusetts
from whatwasthere.com
1927:  Italian-born anarchists Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti are executed in Boston for the murders of two men during a 1920 robbery.

1929 – Hebron Massacre during the 1929 Palestine riots: Arab attack on the Jewish community in Hebron in the British Mandate of Palestine, continuing until the next day, resulted in the death of 65–68 Jews and the remaining Jews being forced to leave the city.

1930 – 1st British Empire Games close in Hamilton, Canada

1931 – Count Gyula Károlyi becomes premier of Hungary

1933 – Mahatma Gandhi released from Indian jail following another hunger strike

1938 – "You Can’t Take It With You" from the play by George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart, directed by Frank Capra and starring James Stewart and Jean Arthur premieres. Best Picture (1939)

1939 – World War II: Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union sign a non-aggression treaty, the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. In a secret addition to the pact, the Baltic states, Finland, Romania, and Poland are divided between the two nations.

1940 – German Luftwaffe begins night bombing on London

1940 – Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands dismisses premier De Geer

1942 – World War II: Beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad. 600 Luftwaffe planes bomb Stalingrad (40,000 die)

1942 – British Prime Minister Winston Churchill flies back to London from Cairo, Egypt

1942 – World War II: last cavalry charge in history takes place at Isbushenskij, Russia; the Italian Savoia Cavalleria charges Soviet infantry

1943 – World War II: 50th day of Battle of Kursk, USSR: Largest tank battle in history ends with Russia's defeat of Germany; over 10,000 tanks take part, nearly 250,000 combatants killed. Kharkov [aka Kharkiv, Charkow] is liberated as a result of the Battle of Kursk.

1944 – General George Leclerc's troops advance towards Paris

1944 – World War II: Marseille is liberated by the Allies.

1944 – World War II: King Michael of Romania orders forces to cease fire against Allies and dismisses pro-Axis premier, Marshal Ion Antonescu, who is arrested. Romania switches sides from the Axis to the Allies.

1944 – Sammellager Drancy  internment camp located in Drancy, a northeastern suburb of Paris, France, is freed.

1944 – Freckleton Air Disaster: A United States Army Air Forces B-24 Liberator bomber crashes into a school in Freckleton, England killing 76 people.

1944 – US 20th Army corp enter Fontainebleau/Melun de Seine.

1945 – British general Bernard Montgomery consults with US Generals Omar Bradley and Dwight D. Eisenhower.

1945 – Soviet–Japanese War: The USSR State Defense Committee issues Decree no. 9898cc "About Receiving, Accommodation, and Labor Utilization of the Japanese Army Prisoners of War".

1946 – Ordinance No. 46 of the British Military Government constitutes the German Länder (states) of Hanover and Schleswig-Holstein.

1946 – "The Big Sleep" directed by Howard Hawks and starring Humphrey Bogart (Philip Marlowe) and Lauren Bacall, premieres.

1946 – US President Truman's daughter, Margaret's 1st public singing concert.

1947 – The first Little League Baseball World Series is held in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The Maynard Midgets beat the Lock Haven All Stars, 16-7.

1947 8th Venice Film Festival opens (first since the start of World War II)

1948 Earl Bernadotte asks aid for fugitives to Palestine

1948 – World Council of Churches is formed by 147 churches from 44 countries.

1950 West Germany & Japan readmitted to Intl Amateur Athletic Federation

1952 Arab League security pact goes into effect

1952 Kitty Wells becomes 1st woman to reach #1 on Billboard Country chart with "It Wasn't God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels"; stays at top for 15 weeks [1]

1953 Dutch DC-6 crashes near Ymuiden in North Sea, 21 die

1953 KBAK TV channel 29 in Bakersfield, CA (ABC) begins broadcasting

1953 USSR performs nuclear test

1954 President Getulio Vargas of Brazil resigns temporarily

1954 – First flight of the C-130 Hercules transport aircraft.

1957 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site

1958 – Chinese Civil War: The Second Taiwan Strait Crisis begins with the People's Liberation Army resuming  bombardment of Quemoy and Matsu islands

1961 Belgium sends troops to Rwanda-Urundi

1961 East Germany imposed new curbs on travel between West & East Berlin

1961 US lunar probe Ranger 1 reaches 190 km from Earth, falls back

1962 1st Europe-US live TV program (via Telstar)

1963 Beatles release single "She Loves You" in the UK

1963 Ringo admits he wrote a song "Don't Pass Me By"

1963 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site

1966 – Lunar Orbiter 1 takes the first photograph of Earth from orbit around the Moon.

1966 The Beatles' last concert in Queens, New York City at Shea Stadium before a crowd of 45,000, and 11,000 unsold seats

1968 Ringo quits Beatles over a disagreement (temporarily).

1970 – Organized by Mexican American labor union leader César Chávez, the Salad Bowl strike, the largest farm worker strike in U.S. history, begins.

1971 WGTU TV channel 29 in Traverse City, MI (ABC) begins broadcasting

1972 Republican convention (Miami Beach, Fla) renominates Vice President Spiro Agnew but not unanimously: 1 vote went to NBC newsman David Brinkley

1972 4 civilians and 1 British soldier are injured in separate overnight shooting incidents in North Ireland

1973 Intelsat communications satellite launched

1973 – A bank robbery gone wrong in Stockholm, Sweden, turns into a hostage crisis; over the next five days the hostages begin to sympathise with their captors, leading to the term "Stockholm syndrome".

1975 Communists take over Laos

1975 Ethiopian junta under Mengistu Haile

1975 Free guitarist Paul Kossoff revived from dead after heart attack, dies for good in 1976

1975 Philip Kapleau conducts 1st jukai ceremony in Poland

1975 USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR

1976 Heavy earthquake strikes China, 1,000s die

1977 – Bryan Allen in Gossamer Condor wins the Kremer prize for first human powered flight of a mile .

1977 Marxist philosopher Rudolf Bahro imprisoned in German DR

1978 Iranian students occupy Iranian embassy at Wassenaar

1979 Iranian army opens offensive against Kurds

1979 UN's Vienna office opens

1982 – Lebanese falangist leader Bechir Gemayel is elected Lebanese President amidst the raging civil war.

1982 USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR

1985 South African attorney/UDF leader "Dulah" Omar arrested

1985 – Hans Tiedge, top counter-spy of West Germany, defects to East Germany.

1985 Paul Hornung awarded $1,160,000 by a Louisville court against NCAA who barred him as a college football analyst for betting on games

1986 Stephen Schwartz and Charles Strouse's musical "Rags" closes at Mark Hellinger Theater, NYC, after 4 performances; nominated for 6 Tony Awrads

1987 15-year old boy hijacks KLM B737, demands $1 billion

1987 Violent rainfall and floods in Bangladesh, kill 100's of people

1987 – The American male basketball team lost the gold medal to Brazilian team at the Pan American Games in Indianapolis. The final score was 120–115 and triggered changes in this sport basis in USA, resulting in the "Dream Team".

1989 – Singing Revolution: Two million people form a human chain across Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania on the Vilnius–Tallinn road, holding hands in a peaceful pro-independence demonstration against Soviet occupation  (Baltic Way).

1989 – One thousand six hundred forty-five Australian domestic airline pilots resign after the airlines threaten to fire them and sue them over a dispute.

1990 – Saddam Hussein appears on Iraqi state television with a number of Western "guests" (actually hostages) to try to prevent the Gulf War.

1990 US begins call up of 46,000 reservists to the Persian Gulf

1990 – Armenia declares its independence from the Soviet Union.

1990 – West Germany and East Germany announce that they will reunite on October 3.

1991 – Tim Berners-Lee opens the WWW, World Wide Web to new users.

1992 Wilhelm Verwoerd, grandson of former South African Prime Minister, Hendrik Verwoerd, main architect of apartheid, joins the African National Congress

1993 – The Galileo spacecraft discovers a moon, later named Dactyl, around 243 Ida, the first known asteroid moon.

1993 NY Dow Jones index reaches record high of 3,638.96 points

1994 Jeff Buckley releases his album "Grace", featuring his cover of Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah"

1994 – Eugene Bullard, the only black pilot in World War I, is posthumously commissioned as Second Lieutenant in the United States Air Force.

1996 – Osama bin Laden issues message entitled 'A declaration of war against the Americans occupying the land of the two holy places.'

2000 – A Gulf Air Airbus A320, Flight 072, crashes into the Persian Gulf near Manama, Bahrain, killing 143.

2000 Nicaragua becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty. This essentially deprecated the Buenos Aires Convention treaty, because as of this date, all members of the BA Convention were also signatories to Berne.

2005 Hurricane Katrina forms over the Bahamas, later becoming a category 5 hurricane

2005 TANS Peru Flight 204 crashes near Pucallpa, Peru, killing 41.

2006 – Natascha Kampusch, who had been abducted at the age of ten, escapes from her captor Wolfgang Přiklopil, after eight years of captivity.

2007 – The skeletal remains of Russia's last royal family members Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia, and his sister Grand Duchess Anastasia are discovered near Yekaterinburg, Russia.

2007 – US product designer Chris Messina invents the hashtag and uses it for the first time in a tweet.

2010 – Manila hostage crisis: A dismissed police officer took hostage a tour bus full of Chinese nationals. Eight hostages were killed at the Quirino Grandstand in Manila,

2011 – A magnitude 5.8 (class: moderate) earthquake occurs in Mineral, Virginia, felt as far north as Ontario and as far south as Atlanta, Georgia. Damage occurs to monuments and structures in Washington D.C. and the resulted damage is estimated at $200 million–$300 million USD.

2011 – Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi is overthrown after the National Transitional Council forces take control of Bab al-Azizia compound during the 2011 Libyan Civil War.

2012 Four people are killed and 28 injured in a hot air ballooning accident in Slovenia

2012 At least 30 are killed as a result of monsoon rain in Rajasthan, India

2013 50 people are killed in mosque bombings in Tripoli, Lebanon

2013 26 people are killed and 55 are injured by a suicide bombing in Baghdad, Iraq

2013 UN inspectors are stopped by Syrian government from investigating a reported site of a chemical massacre

2013 – A riot at the Palmasola prison complex in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, kills 31 people.

2015 Destruction by IS of the 1st century AD temple of Baalshamin in ancient ruins of Palmyra confirmed by Syrian officials

2015 12 year old boy trips and rips 17th-century painting "Flowers" by Paolo Porpora worth $1.5m at exhibition in Taiwan

2017 World's driest place, the Atacama desert in Chile blooms after unexpected rainfall

2017 Air strike on hotel in Yemen capital Sanaa by Saudi-led coalition leaves at least 30 dead

2017 US Navy fires Vice Admiral Joseph Aucoin as commander of the Seventh Fleet following series of collisions in Asian waters

2017 India toll from swine flu rises above 1000 for the year, 22,186 cases reported

2017 Nearly 60 million people in the Indus Valley, Pakistan at risk from arsenic in research published in "Science Advances"

2018 Tenor Plácido Domingo sings his 150th opera role in Bizet’s “The Pearl Fishers” at the Salzburg Festival, Austria

2019 Russia launches the 1st floating nuclear power station the Akademik Lomonosov from port of Murmansk

2020 President Trump adviser Kellyanne Conway announces she is stepping away from the White House for family reasons

2020 US Republican party convention begins by formally renominating Donald Trump for a second presidential term

2020 US black man Jacob Blake shot and injured by police in front of his children in Kenosha, Wisconsin, prompting violent protests

2021 US Food and Drug Administration grants full approval to Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for people 16 and over. First vaccine to move past emergency-use status in the US.

2021 Video evidence of a Seychelles giant tortoise hunting and eating a bird revealed for the first time, tortoises previously thought to be herbivores

2022 Former Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak to begin 12-year prison sentence for charges including money laundering, after High Court rejects his final appeal

2022 In US domestic terrorism case two men found guilty of plotting to kidnap Michigan Governor Gretchen Witmer

2022 Nicki Minaj's single "Super Freaky Girl" debuts at No.1; first female rapper to do do since Lauren Hill in1998 with "Doo Wop (That Thing)"



Saints' Days and Holy Days

Traditional Western

Philip Benizzi, Confessor.     Double.
Commemoration of the Eve of St. Bartholomew.


Contemporary Western

Éogan of Ardstraw
Philip Benitius
Rose of Lima
Tydfil


Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran



Eastern Orthodox

August 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

Apodosis (Afterfeast) of the Dormition.

Hieromartyr Pothinus, Bishop of Lyons (ca. 177)
Hieromartyr Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons (202)
Hieromartyr Irenaeus, Bishop of Sirmium in Hungary (304)
Martyrs Severus, Memnon the Centurion, and 38 others, of Thrace (ca. 305)
Martyr Lupus of Novae (306), slave of St. Demetrius of Thessaloniki
Saints Eutychius (540) and Florentius (547) of Nursia
Saint Callinicus, Patriarch of Constantinople (705)
Saint Anthony, Bishop of Sardis (10th century)
Saint Nicholas the Sicilian, ascetic of Mt. Neotaka in Euboea

Martyrs Quiriacus, Maximus Archelaus and Companions (c. 235)
Martyrs Minervius, Eleazar and Companions, in Lyons in France:
      eight children are included in their number (3rd century)
Saint Tydfil, venerated in Merthyr Tydfil in Wales, where she was slain by the heathen (c. 480)
Saint Victor of Vita (Victor Vitensis), born in Carthage in North Africa,
      he was either Bishop there or in Utica (c. 535)
Saint Éogan of Ardstraw (c. 618)
Saints Flavian (Flavinian, Flavius) of Autun, the twenty-first
      Bishop of Autun in France (7th century)
Saints Altigianus and Hilarinus, two monks killed by the Saracens
      at Saint-Seine in France (731)
Martyrs Æbbe the Younger, Abbess of Coldingham Priory, Northumbria, and her companions (870)

Saint Haralambos of Panagia Kalyviani convent (in the Heraklio Prefecture),
      the newly-revealed (1788)
New Hieromartyrs Ephraim (Kuznetsov), Bishop of Selenginsk, and John Vostorgov,
      Archpriest, of Moscow, and Martyr Nicholas Varzhansky (1918)
New Hieromartyrs Paul Gaidai and John Karabanov, Priests (1937)[

Synaxis of Panagia Proussiotissa (Mother of God of Proussa) in Evrytania, Greece (c. 829–842)
Mykhaylivska Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos
Repose of Abbot Ioannicius (Moroi) of Sihastria, Romania (1944)


Coptic Orthodox





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