357 – Battle of Strasbourg: Julian, Caesar (deputy emperor) and supreme
commander of the Roman army in Gaul, wins an important victory
against the Alemanni at Strasbourg (Argentoratum).
766 – Emperor Constantine V humiliates nineteen high-ranking officials,
766 – Emperor Constantine V humiliates nineteen high-ranking officials,
after discovering a plot against him. He executes the leaders, Constantine
Podopagouros and his brother Strategios.
1212 Children's crusade under Nicolas (10) reaches Genoa
1248 – The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights
1212 Children's crusade under Nicolas (10) reaches Genoa
1248 – The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights
from Otto III, the Archbishop of Utrecht.
1258 – Regent George Mouzalon and his brothers are killed during a coup
1258 – Regent George Mouzalon and his brothers are killed during a coup
headed by the aristocratic faction under, paving the way for its leader,
Michael VIII Palaiologos, to usurp the throne of the Empire of Nicaea.
1543 – Portuguese explorer António Mota and his companions became the first
1330 Antipope Nicholas V, having obtained assurance of pardon, presents
a confession of his sins to Pope John XXII, at Avignon, who absolved him
1425 Countess Jacoba of Bavaria escapes from jail
1499 Battle at Sapienza: Turkish fleet beats Venetians
1515 Conquistador Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar founds Havana in modern day Cuba,
on the southern coast of the island. Moved to its current location in 1519.
1537 The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British
Army, and the second most senior, is formed
1540 Explorer Hernando de Alarcon travels up Colorado River
1543 – Portuguese explorer António Mota and his companions became the first
Europeans to visit Japan.
1537 – The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the
1537 – The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the
British Army, and the second most senior, is formed.
1566 Iconoclastic fury begins in Dutch province Utrecht
1580 – Battle of Alcântara. Spain defeats Portugal.
1609 – Galileo Galilei demonstrates his first telescope to Venetian lawmakers.
1628 Assault on sultan of Mantarams of Batavia
1630 – Portuguese forces are defeated by the Kingdom of Kandy at the Battle of
1566 Iconoclastic fury begins in Dutch province Utrecht
1580 – Battle of Alcântara. Spain defeats Portugal.
1609 – Galileo Galilei demonstrates his first telescope to Venetian lawmakers.
1628 Assault on sultan of Mantarams of Batavia
1630 – Portuguese forces are defeated by the Kingdom of Kandy at the Battle of
Randeniwela in Sri Lanka.
1758 – Seven Years' War: Frederick II of Prussia defeats the Russian army at
1654 Battle of Arras: Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Condé, failed to take Arras and
withdrew to Cambrai.
1689 Battle at Charleroi: Spanish & English armies chase French
1689 Montreal taken by Iroquois
1698 Tsar Peter the Great returns to Moscow after trip through Western Europe
1718 Hundreds of French colonists arrive in Louisiana; New Orleans founded
1758 – Seven Years' War: Frederick II of Prussia defeats the Russian army at
the Battle of Zorndorf.
1768 – Captain James Cook departs from Plymouth, England, on his first voyage
on board the Endeavour, bound for the Pacific Ocean
1795 Curaçao slaves opponents returns to St Christopher
1802 Toussaint Louverture imprisoned in Fort de Joux, Jura, France
1825 – Uruguay declares its independence from Brazil (National Day)
1829 President Jackson makes an offer to buy Texas, but Mexican government refuses
1830 – Belgium revolts against Netherlands, beginning the Belgian Revolution
1795 Curaçao slaves opponents returns to St Christopher
1802 Toussaint Louverture imprisoned in Fort de Joux, Jura, France
1804 Alicia Thornton becomes first female jockey in England riding at Knavesmire
in Yorkshire
1814 British forces destroy Library of Congress, containing 3,000 books (War of 1812)
1819 Paris Salon opens with Théodore Géricault’s painting "Raft of the Medusa"
causing a sensation
1829 President Jackson makes an offer to buy Texas, but Mexican government refuses
1830 – Belgium revolts against Netherlands, beginning the Belgian Revolution
1835 – The New York Sun perpetrates the Great Moon Hoax story about John Herschel
1862 US Secretary of War authorizes Gen Rufus Saxton to arm 5,000 slaves
1864 Combination rail & ferry service available from San Francisco to Alameda
1864 Battle of Petersburg: Battle of Ream's Station
1875 – Captain Matthew Webb makes the first makes the 1st observed and unassisted
swim across the English Channel, traveling from Dover, England, to Calais, France,
in 21 hours and 45 minutes
1883 – France and Viet Nam sign the Treaty of Huế, recognizing a French protectorate
over Annam and Tonkin.
1894 -26] Balinese troops assault Dutch army, 97 killed
1894 – Japanese scientist Kitasato Shibasaburō discovers the infectious agent of the bubonic plague and publishes his findings in The Lancet.
1898 – Seven hundred Greek civilians, 17 British guards and the British Consul of Crete are killed by a Turkish mob in Heraklion, Greece.
1912 – The Kuomintang, the Chinese nationalist party, is founded.
1916 – The United States National Park Service is created established within the Department of the Interior. The NPS manages all U.S. national parks, many American national monuments, and various other conservation and historical properties.
1919 1st scheduled passenger service by airplane (Paris-London)
1920 – Polish–Soviet War: Battle of Warsaw, which began on August 13, ends with the Red Army's defeat.
1921 – US signs peace treaty with Germany.
1921 – The first skirmishes of the Battle of Blair Mountain, a civil uprising in Logan County, West Virginia, occur.
1924 International maritime treaty drawn
1933 – The Diexi earthquake strikes Mao County, Sichuan, China and kills 9,000 people.
1939 – The United Kingdom and Poland form a military alliance in which the UK promises to defend Poland in case of invasion by a foreign power.
1942 – World War II: Battle of Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea.
1942 – World War II: second day of the Battle of the Eastern Solomons. A Japanese naval transport convoy headed towards Guadalcanal is turned-back by an Allied air attack, losing one destroyer and one transport sunk, and one light cruiser heavily damaged.
1943 German occupiers impose 72-hour work week
1943 Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten appointed Supreme Allied Commander in SE Asia
1944 – World War II: Paris is liberated from Nazi occupation by the Allies. After the liberation of the city, French General Charles de Gaulle walks the Champs Elysees.
1894 -26] Balinese troops assault Dutch army, 97 killed
1894 – Japanese scientist Kitasato Shibasaburō discovers the infectious agent of the bubonic plague and publishes his findings in The Lancet.
1898 – Seven hundred Greek civilians, 17 British guards and the British Consul of Crete are killed by a Turkish mob in Heraklion, Greece.
1908 National Association of Colored Nurses forms
1910 Yellow Cab is founded.
1912 1st time an aircraft recovers from a spin
1912 Different nationalities battle with each other in Macedonia
1912 – The Kuomintang, the Chinese nationalist party, is founded.
1914 -26] Belgian offensive at Antwerp
1914 German Zeppelins bomb Antwerp, Belgium, 10 die
1914 German troops march into France and push French army to the Sedan
1914 – World War I: German troops in occupied Belgium begin the 6 week "Sack of Louvain," destroying historical buildings and killing hundreds of civilians. The library of the Catholic University of Leuven is deliberately destroyed; hundreds of thousands of irreplaceable volumes and Gothic and Renaissance manuscripts are lost.
1916 – The United States National Park Service is created established within the Department of the Interior. The NPS manages all U.S. national parks, many American national monuments, and various other conservation and historical properties.
1919 1st scheduled passenger service by airplane (Paris-London)
1920 – Polish–Soviet War: Battle of Warsaw, which began on August 13, ends with the Red Army's defeat.
1921 – US signs peace treaty with Germany.
1921 – The first skirmishes of the Battle of Blair Mountain, a civil uprising in Logan County, West Virginia, occur.
1924 International maritime treaty drawn
1925 Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters organizes (Harlem NY)
1925 Last Belgian troops vacate Duisburg
1926 Pavlos Koundouris becomes president of Greece
1929 Graf Zeppelin passes over San Francisco for Los Angeles after trans-Pacific voyage
1932 Amelia Earhart completes transcontinental flight
1933 – The Diexi earthquake strikes Mao County, Sichuan, China and kills 9,000 people.
1936 Odourless cornstarch is patented in the US by Ralph W. Kerr
1937 Japanese fleet blockades Chinese coast
1939 – The United Kingdom and Poland form a military alliance in which the UK promises to defend Poland in case of invasion by a foreign power.
1940 First British night bombing of Germany (Berlin)
1940 Lithuania, Latvia & Estonia incorporated into Soviet Union
1941 British & Soviet troops attack pro-German Iran
1941 German troops conquer Nowgorod, Leningrad
1942 SS begins transporting Jews of Maastricht
1942 – World War II: Battle of Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea.
1942 – World War II: second day of the Battle of the Eastern Solomons. A Japanese naval transport convoy headed towards Guadalcanal is turned-back by an Allied air attack, losing one destroyer and one transport sunk, and one light cruiser heavily damaged.
1943 German occupiers impose 72-hour work week
1943 Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten appointed Supreme Allied Commander in SE Asia
1943 Red Army under Gen Vatutin recaptures Achtyrka
1943 US forces overrun New Georgia in Solomon Islands during WW II
1944 France 2nd Tank division under General Leclerc reaches Notre Dame
1944 – World War II: Paris is liberated from Nazi occupation by the Allies. After the liberation of the city, French General Charles de Gaulle walks the Champs Elysees.
1944 US Army XII Corps reaches Troyes, France
1945 Jewish immigrants are permitted to leave Mauritius for Palestine
1945 – Ten days after World War II ends with Japan announcing its surrender, armed supporters of the Chinese Communist Party kill U.S. intelligence officer John Birch, regarded by some of the American right as the first victim of the Cold War.
1948 – The House Un-American Activities Committee holds first-ever televised congressional hearing: "Confrontation Day" between Whittaker Chambers and Alger Hiss.
1950 – President Harry Truman orders the U.S. Army to seize control of the nation's railroads to avert a strike.
1950 "Rashomon", Japanese film directed by Akira Kurosawa, starring Toshiro Mifune and Machiko Kyō, is released (Honorary Academy Award 1952)
1952 Puerto Rico becomes a US commonwealth
1955 Last Soviet forces leave Austria
1957 Prince Suvanna Phuma forms government in LAOS, with Pathet Lao
1958 Momofuku Ando markets the first package of precooked instant noodles (Chikin Ramen)
1960 Demonstrations against Congolese prime minister Patrice Lumumba
1961 – President Jânio Quadros of Brazil resigns after just seven months in power, initiating a political crisis that culminates in a military coup in 1964.
1961 – President Jânio Quadros of Brazil resigns after just seven months in power, initiating a political crisis that culminates in a military coup in 1964.
1962 USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR
1962 USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1964 Singapore limits imports from Netherlands due to Indonesian aggression
1967 Paraguay accepts its constitution
1967 Train crash at Beesd, Netherlands: 2 die
1967 – George Lincoln Rockwell is assassinated.
1971 Leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party Gerry Fitt presents a number of allegations of brutality by the security forces in Northern Ireland to representatives of the United Nations
1973 France performs nuclear test at Mururoa atoll
1973 Zambia adopts constitution
1974 France performs nuclear test at Mururoa atoll
1979 Somali adopts constitution
1979 TV series "Hart to Hart" starring Robert Wagner and Stefanie Powers premieres in the US on ABC
1980 – Zimbabwe joins the United Nations.
1980 Revival of Harry Warren, Al Dubin and Johnny Mercer's musical "42nd Street", directed and choreographed by Gower Champion, opens at Winter Garden Theater, NYC; runs for 3486 performances and 2 Tony Awrd wins
1981 – Voyager 2 spacecraft makes its closest approach to Saturn (63,000 miles/100,000 km)
1983 US & USSR sign $10 billion grain pact
1984 French airship capsizes
1984 USSR performs underground nuclear test
1985 STS 51-I scrubbed at T -9m because of an onboard computer problem
1986 Warner Bros. releases Paul Simon's seventh solo album "Graceland", a blend of pop, African, zydeco, and rock music; wins Grammy for album of the year, 1987 and sells over 16 million copies
1987 Dow Jones industrial stock avg reaches record 2722.42
1988 – The Chiado area in Lisbon is partially destroyed by a fire.
1988 Challenger Center opens its classroom doors in Houston
1988 Iran & Iraq begin talks to end their 8 year war
1988 NASA launches space vehicle S-214
1989 – After 12-year, 4-billion-mile journey, Voyager 2 spacecraft makes its closest approach to Neptune, flying over cloud tops of Neptune & its moon Triton, sending back photographs of swamps.
1989 – Mayumi Moriyama becomes Japan's first female cabinet secretary.
1990 UN security council authorizes military action against Iraq
1991 Norway & Denmark recognize independence of former USSR Baltic republics
1991 – Belarus (White-Russia) declares its independence from the Soviet Union
1991 – The Battle of Vukovar begins. An 87-day siege of a Croatian city by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), supported by various Serbian paramilitary forces, between August–November, during the Croatian War of Independence
1991 – Linus Torvalds announces the first version of what will become Linux.
1997 – Egon Krenz, the former East German leader, is convicted of a shoot-to-kill policy at the Berlin Wall.
2001 Singer Aaliyah and 8 others killed in an air crash in the Bahamas
2003 – The Tli Cho land claims agreement is signed between the Dogrib First Nations and the Canadian federal government in Rae-Edzo (now called Behchoko).
2006 Former Ukrainian Prime Minister Pavlo Lazarenko is sentenced to 9 years in federal prison for money laundering, wire fraud, and extortion
2006 Hyperion, the world's tallest living tree, a Redwood standing 115.55 m (379.1 ft), discovered by naturalists Chris Atkins and Michael Taylor in Redwood National and State Parks, California
2010 Panic caused by escaped crocodile being smuggled aboard domestic Filair flight leads to crash of Let L-410 Turbolet passenger aircraft near Bandundu Airport, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing all but one of the 21 passengers and crew
2012 330 people are killed as a result of conflict in the Syrian civil war
2012 85,000 people are displaced by severe floods in Myanmar
2012 39 people are killed and 80 are injured after a gas leak in North Venezuelan refinery
2012 – Voyager 1 spacecraft enters interstellar space becoming the first man-made object to do so.
2013 41 people are killed in a wave of bomb attacks across Iraq
2013 – Six people die and 25 are injured when a train derails in Huimanguillo, Tabasco, Mexico.
2017: Harvey, a category 4 hurricane, makes landfall in Texas northeast of Corpus Christi with 130 m.p.h. winds
2017 President Donald Trump grants presidential pardon to Joe Arpaio, who had been convicted of contempt of court for racial profiling
2017 Indian spiritual leader Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh is convicted of raping two of his followers in Panchkula
2017 Samsung heir Lee Jae-yong jailed for 5 years for corruption in South Korea
2018 Afghan Islamic State leader Abu Saad Erhabi and 10 others killed in an air strike in province of Nangarhar, Afghanistan
2019 NASA investigates possibly the 1st crime in space over astronaut Anne McClain illegally accessing bank a/c from space
2020 WHO announces that Africa has eradicated polio (defined as four years since last case)
2022 California votes to ban the sale of all new gasoline-powered cars by 2035
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Louis IX, King of France, Confessor. Semi-double.
Contemporary Western
Æbbe of Coldingham
Aredius
Genesius of Arles
Gregory of Utrecht
Joseph Calasanctius
Louis IX of France
Menas of Constantinople
Patricia of Naples
Aredius
Genesius of Arles
Gregory of Utrecht
Joseph Calasanctius
Louis IX of France
Menas of Constantinople
Patricia of Naples
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
August 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Apostle Titus of the Seventy Disciples, first Bishop of Crete (1st century)
Saints Barses (378) and Eulogius (c. 386), Bishops of Edessa,
and St. Protogenes, Bishop of Carrhae (c. 387), Confessors
Saints John the Cappadocian (520), Epiphanius (535), and Gennadius Scholarius (c.1473),
Patriarchs of Constantinople
Saint Menas, Patriarch of Constantinople (552)
Saint John, Bishop of Karpathos (7th century)
Synaxis of Hierarchs of Crete, Bishops of Gortyna:
Cyril (c. 303); Eumenius (7th century)
Andrew of Crete, Archbishop (740).
Saint Geruntius of Italica, a missionary in Spain in the Apostolic Age,
Bishop of Talco (Italica, near Seville) and martyr (c. 100)
Martyrs Eusebius, Pontian, Vincent and Peregrinus, in Rome (c. 192)
Saints Nemesius and Lucilla, a deacon, and his daughter
martyred in Rome under Valerian (c. 260)
Saint Genesius of Rome (Genesius the Actor), an actor in Rome who took part in a satire
on Orthodox baptism, was suddenly converted and martyred (c. 286 or c. 303)
Saint Genesius of Arles (Genès), martyr (303)
Saint Maginus (Magí), martyr (304)
Saint Marcian of Saignon, founder of the monastery of St Eusebius in Apt (485)
Saint Aredius of Limousin (Yrieix, Yriez), Gaul (591)
Saint Patricia of Naples, virgin (c. 665)
Saint Ebba the Elder, Abbess of Coldingham, Northumbria (683)
Saint Hunegund (c. 690)
Saint Warinus (Guarinus, Warren), son of St Sigrada, martyred in France
by the tyrant Ebroin who was at war with his brother St Leodegarius (7th century)
Saint Gregory of Utrecht, Abbot of St. Martin Monastery in Utrecht (775)
New Hieromartyr Moses (Kozhin), Hieromonk of Solovki Monastery (1931)
New Hieromartyr Vladimir Moschansky, Priest (1938)
Translation of the relics (580) of Apostle Bartholomew (1st century)
from Anastasiopolis to Lipari
Translation of the relics (580?) of Martyr Sabbas of Venethalon (Venetalus) (1st century)
Translation of the relics (c. 860) of St. Hilda of Whitby (680)
Repose of Abbess Magdalene of Sevsk Convent (1848)
Repose of Monk Benjamin of Valaam (1848)
Repose of Abbot Nikon (Vorobiev) of Gzhatsk (1963)
Apostle Titus of the Seventy Disciples, first Bishop of Crete (1st century)
Saints Barses (378) and Eulogius (c. 386), Bishops of Edessa,
and St. Protogenes, Bishop of Carrhae (c. 387), Confessors
Saints John the Cappadocian (520), Epiphanius (535), and Gennadius Scholarius (c.1473),
Patriarchs of Constantinople
Saint Menas, Patriarch of Constantinople (552)
Saint John, Bishop of Karpathos (7th century)
Synaxis of Hierarchs of Crete, Bishops of Gortyna:
Cyril (c. 303); Eumenius (7th century)
Andrew of Crete, Archbishop (740).
Saint Geruntius of Italica, a missionary in Spain in the Apostolic Age,
Bishop of Talco (Italica, near Seville) and martyr (c. 100)
Martyrs Eusebius, Pontian, Vincent and Peregrinus, in Rome (c. 192)
Saints Nemesius and Lucilla, a deacon, and his daughter
martyred in Rome under Valerian (c. 260)
Saint Genesius of Rome (Genesius the Actor), an actor in Rome who took part in a satire
on Orthodox baptism, was suddenly converted and martyred (c. 286 or c. 303)
Saint Genesius of Arles (Genès), martyr (303)
Saint Maginus (Magí), martyr (304)
Saint Marcian of Saignon, founder of the monastery of St Eusebius in Apt (485)
Saint Aredius of Limousin (Yrieix, Yriez), Gaul (591)
Saint Patricia of Naples, virgin (c. 665)
Saint Ebba the Elder, Abbess of Coldingham, Northumbria (683)
Saint Hunegund (c. 690)
Saint Warinus (Guarinus, Warren), son of St Sigrada, martyred in France
by the tyrant Ebroin who was at war with his brother St Leodegarius (7th century)
Saint Gregory of Utrecht, Abbot of St. Martin Monastery in Utrecht (775)
New Hieromartyr Moses (Kozhin), Hieromonk of Solovki Monastery (1931)
New Hieromartyr Vladimir Moschansky, Priest (1938)
Translation of the relics (580) of Apostle Bartholomew (1st century)
from Anastasiopolis to Lipari
Translation of the relics (580?) of Martyr Sabbas of Venethalon (Venetalus) (1st century)
Translation of the relics (c. 860) of St. Hilda of Whitby (680)
Repose of Abbess Magdalene of Sevsk Convent (1848)
Repose of Monk Benjamin of Valaam (1848)
Repose of Abbot Nikon (Vorobiev) of Gzhatsk (1963)
Coptic Orthodox
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