823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I.
1081 – Alexios I Komnenos is crowned Byzantine emperor at Constantinople, bringing the Komnenian dynasty to full power.
1242 – During a battle on the ice of Lake Peipus, Russian forces, led by Alexander Nevsky, rebuff an invasion attempt by the Teutonic Knights.
1536 – Royal Entry of Charles V into Rome: The last Roman triumph.
1566 – Two-hundred Dutch noblemen, led by Hendrik van Brederode, force themselves into the presence of Margaret of Parma and present the Petition of Compromise, denouncing the Spanish Inquisition in the Netherlands. The Inquisition is suspended and a delegation is sent to Spain to petition Philip II.
1609 – Daimyo (Lord) Shimazu Tadatsune of the Satsuma Domain in southern Kyūshū, Japan, completes his successful invasion of the Ryūkyū Kingdom in Okinawa.
1614 – Pocahontas, daughter of the chief of the Powhatan Indian confederacy, marries English tobacco planter John Rolfe in Jamestown, Virginia. The marriage ensured peace between the Jamestown settlers and the Powhatan Indians for several years. History
1621 – The Mayflower sets sail from Plymouth, Massachusetts on a return trip to England.
1710 – The Statute of Anne receives the Royal Assent establishing the Copyright law of the United Kingdom.
1722 – The Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen discovers Easter Island.
1774 – Benjamin Franklin writes an open letter to Great Britain's prime minister, Frederick, Lord North, from the Smyrna Coffee House in London. It was published in The Public Advertiser, a British newspaper, on April 15, 1774. History
1792 – President George Washington exercises his authority to veto a Congressional bill, the first time this power is used in the United States.
1804 – High Possil Meteorite: The first recorded meteorite in Scotland falls in Possil.
1818 – In the Battle of Maipú, Chile's independence movement, led by Bernardo O'Higgins and José de San Martín, win a decisive victory over Spain, leaving 2,000 Spaniards and 1,000 Chilean patriots dead.
1847 – Birkenhead Park, the first civic public park in Britain, is opened in Birkenhead.
1859 – Naturalist Charles Darwin sent his publishers the first three chapters of Origin of Species, which would become one of the most influential books ever published. History
1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Yorktown: Union forces under General George McClellan arrived at Yorktown, Virginia, and established siege lines instead of directly attacking the Confederate defenders. History
1879 – Chile declares war on Bolivia and Peru, starting the War of the Pacific.
1900 – Archaeologists in Knossos, Crete, discover a large cache of clay tablets with hieroglyphic writing in a script they call Linear B.
1904 – The first international rugby league match is played between England and an Other Nationalities team (Welsh & Scottish players) in Central Park, Wigan, England.
1915 – Boxing challenger Jess Willard knocks out Jack Johnson in Havana, Cuba to become the Heavyweight Champion of the World.
1918 – General Erich Ludendorff formally ends "Operation Michael," the first stage of the final major German offensive of World War I. History
1922 – The American Birth Control League, forerunner of Planned Parenthood, is incorporated.
1923 – Firestone Tire and Rubber Company begins production of balloon-tires.
1932 – Alcohol prohibition in Finland ends. Alcohol sales begin in Alko liquor stores.
1932 – Dominion of Newfoundland: Ten thousand rioters seize the Colonial Building leading to the end of self-government.
1933 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs two executive orders: 6101 to establish the Civilian Conservation Corps, and 6102 "forbidding the Hoarding of Gold Coin, Gold Bullion, and Gold Certificates" by U.S. citizens.
1936 – Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak: The two small towns of Tupelo, Mississippi and Gainesville, Georgia were devastated by tornadoes in one of the deadliest spates of tornadoes in United States history. A total of 466 people were killed over four days of nearly continuous twisters. Another 3,500 people were injured. The Tupelo twister was estimated to be an F5. History
1942 – World War II: The Imperial Japanese Navy launches a carrier-based air attack on Colombo, Ceylon during the Indian Ocean Raid. Port and civilian facilities are damaged and the Royal Navy cruisers HMS Cornwall and HMS Dorsetshire are sunk southwest of the island.
1943 – World War II: American bomber aircraft accidentally cause more than 900 civilian deaths, including 209 children, and 1,300 wounded among the civilian population of the Belgian town of Mortsel. Their target was the Erla factory one kilometer from the residential area hit.
1944 – World War II: Two hundred seventy inhabitants of the Greek town of Kleisoura are executed by the Germans.
1945 – Cold War: Yugoslav partisan leader Tito signs an agreement with the Soviet Union to allow "temporary entry of Soviet troops into Yugoslav territory."
1946 – Soviet troops leave the island of Bornholm, Denmark after an 11-month occupation.
1949 – Fireside Theater debuts on television.
1949 – A fire in a hospital in Effingham, Illinois, kills 77 people and leads to nationwide fire code improvements in the United States.
1951 – The climax of the most sensational spy trial in American history is reached when a federal judge sentences Julius and Ethel Rosenberg to death for their roles in passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union. Although the couple proclaimed their innocence, they died in the electric chair in June 1953. History
1955 – Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, the British leader who guided Great Britain and the Allies through the crisis of World War II, retired as prime minister of Great Britain. History
1956 – Fidel Castro declares himself at war with Cuban President Fulgencio Batista.
1956 – In Sri Lanka, the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna win the general elections in a landslide and S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike is sworn in as the Prime Minister.
1957 – In India, Communists win the first elections in united Kerala and E.M.S. Namboodiripad is sworn in as the first chief minister.
1958 – Ripple Rock, an underwater threat to navigation in the Seymour Narrows in Canada is destroyed in one of the largest non-nuclear controlled explosions of the time.
1969 – Approximately 100,000 antiwar demonstrators march in New York City to demand that the United States withdraw from Vietnam. The weekend of antiwar protests ended with demonstrations and parades in San Francisco, Los Angeles, Washington, D.C., and other cities. The National Mobilization Committee, the Student Mobilization Committee, and the Socialist Workers Party were among the groups that helped organize the demonstrations. At the same time, Quakers held sit-ins at draft boards and committed other acts of civil disobedience in more than 30 cities.
1971 – In Sri Lanka, Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna launches a revolt against the United Front government of Sirimavo Bandaranaike.
1972 – Moving out of eastern Cambodia, North Vietnamese troops open the second front of their three-pronged Nguyen Hue Offensive (later known as the "Easter Offensive") with a drive into Binh Long Province, attacking Loc Ninh, a border town 75 miles north of Saigon on Highway 13. At the same time, additional North Vietnamese cut the highway between An Loc, the provincial capital, and Saigon to the south, effectively isolating An Loc from outside support.
1976 – In the People's Republic of China, the April Fifth Movement leads to the Tiananmen incident.
1986 – Three people are killed in the bombing of the La Belle Discothèque in West Berlin, Germany.
1991 – An ASA EMB 120 crashes in Brunswick, Georgia, killing all 23 aboard including Sen. John Tower and Astronaut Sonny Carter.
1992 – Alberto Fujimori, president of Peru, dissolves the Peruvian congress by military force.
1992 – The Siege of Sarajevo begins when Serb paramilitaries murder peace protesters Suada Dilberovic and Olga Sučić on the Vrbanja Bridge.
1992 – A march and rally in support of abortion rights for women drew several hundred thousand people to demonstrations in Washington, D.C. One of the largest protest marches on the nation's capital, the pro-choice rally came as the U.S. Supreme Court was about to consider the constitutionality of a Pennsylvania state law that limited access to abortions. Many abortion rights advocates feared that the high court, with its conservative majority, might endorse the Pennsylvania law or even overturn the 1973 Roe v. Wade ruling that made abortion legal.
1994 – American musician Kurt Cobain commits suicide.
1998 – In Japan, the Akashi Kaikyō Bridge linking Awaji Island with Honshū and costing about $3.8 billion USD, opens to traffic, becoming the largest suspension bridge in the world.
1999 – Two Libyans suspected of bringing down Pan Am flight 103 in 1988 are handed over for eventual trial in the Netherlands.
2009 – North Korea launches its controversial Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 rocket. The satellite passed over mainland Japan, which prompted an immediate reaction from the United Nations Security Council, as well as participating states of Six-party talks.
2010 – Twenty-nine coal miners are killed in an explosion at the Upper Big Branch Mine in West Virginia.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Vincent Ferrer, Confessor. Double.
Contemporary Western
Albert of Montecorvino
Blessed Mariano de la Mata
Derfel Gadarn
Æthelburh of Kent
Gerald of Sauve-Majeure
Juliana of Liège
Maria Crescentia Höss
Ruadhán of Lorrha
Vincent Ferrer
Blessed Mariano de la Mata
Derfel Gadarn
Æthelburh of Kent
Gerald of Sauve-Majeure
Juliana of Liège
Maria Crescentia Höss
Ruadhán of Lorrha
Vincent Ferrer
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Pandita Mary Ramabai (Episcopal Church (USA))
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Martyrs Claudius, Diodorus, Victor, Victorinus, Pappias, Serapion,
and Nicephorus, at Corinth (251 or 258)
Martyrs Theodulus, Reader, and Agathopodes, Deacon, and those with them,
at Thessaloniki (303)
Martyr Zenon, by fire
Martyr Thermos (Fermus, Firmus), by fire
The Holy Noble Lady (sister of martyr Thermos/Fermus), and her Servant,
martyrs, by the sword
Martyrs Maximus and Terentius, by the sword
Martyr Pompeius, by the sword
Holy Five Young Virgin-Martyrs of Lesbos, by the sword
Virgin-martyr Theodora and Martyr Didymus the Soldier, of Alexandria (304)
Venerable Martyr Ypomoni (Hypomoni, Evpomoni)
Venerable Publius of Egypt, monk (4th c.)
Saints Theonas, Symeon, and Phorbinus, of Egypt (4th c.)
Venerable Mark the Anchorite of Athens (ca. 400)
Saint Plato the Confessor, Abbot of the Studion (813)
Venerable Theodora of Thessalonica (886)
and Nicephorus, at Corinth (251 or 258)
Martyrs Theodulus, Reader, and Agathopodes, Deacon, and those with them,
at Thessaloniki (303)
Martyr Zenon, by fire
Martyr Thermos (Fermus, Firmus), by fire
The Holy Noble Lady (sister of martyr Thermos/Fermus), and her Servant,
martyrs, by the sword
Martyrs Maximus and Terentius, by the sword
Martyr Pompeius, by the sword
Holy Five Young Virgin-Martyrs of Lesbos, by the sword
Virgin-martyr Theodora and Martyr Didymus the Soldier, of Alexandria (304)
Venerable Martyr Ypomoni (Hypomoni, Evpomoni)
Venerable Publius of Egypt, monk (4th c.)
Saints Theonas, Symeon, and Phorbinus, of Egypt (4th c.)
Venerable Mark the Anchorite of Athens (ca. 400)
Saint Plato the Confessor, Abbot of the Studion (813)
Venerable Theodora of Thessalonica (886)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Holy Martyrs of North-West Africa, a large group martyred at the Easter liturgy
by Genseric, the Arian King of the Vandals (459)
Saint Bécán (Began), one of the 'Twelve Apostles of Ireland' (6th c.)
Saint Derfel-Gadarn, a soldier and afterwards a hermit in Llanderfel
in Gwynedd in Wales (6th c.)
Saint Æthelburh of Kent (ca. 647)
by Genseric, the Arian King of the Vandals (459)
Saint Bécán (Began), one of the 'Twelve Apostles of Ireland' (6th c.)
Saint Derfel-Gadarn, a soldier and afterwards a hermit in Llanderfel
in Gwynedd in Wales (6th c.)
Saint Æthelburh of Kent (ca. 647)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Argyre the Neomartyr of Prussa (1721)
New Martyr George of Ephesus (1801)
New Martyr Panagiotes of Jerusalem (1820)
New Martyr George of Ephesus (1801)
New Martyr Panagiotes of Jerusalem (1820)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Alexis Krotenkov, Priest (1930)[4][16]
New Hieromartyr Nicholas Simo, Priest (1931)
New Hieromartyr Nicholas Simo, Priest (1931)
Other commemorations
Translation of the relics (1652) of St. Job, Patriarch of Moscow (1607)
Repose of Righteous Symeon Klimych (1837)
Repose of Elder Philemon of Valaam and Jordanville (1953)
Martyrdom of the Optina monastics (Optina martyrs) on Pascha 1993:
Hieromonk Vasily (Roslyakov); with Riassaphore-monks Therapontus
(Pushkarev), and Trophimus (Tatarinov), on Pascha (1993)
Repose of Righteous Symeon Klimych (1837)
Repose of Elder Philemon of Valaam and Jordanville (1953)
Martyrdom of the Optina monastics (Optina martyrs) on Pascha 1993:
Hieromonk Vasily (Roslyakov); with Riassaphore-monks Therapontus
(Pushkarev), and Trophimus (Tatarinov), on Pascha (1993)
Malankara Orthodox
Commemoration of H. G. Kuriakos Mar Gregorious Metropolitan. Grade IV.
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