46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) in the battle of Thapsus.
402 – Stilicho stymies the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia.
1199 – King Richard I of England dies from an infection following the removal of an arrow from his shoulder.
1250 – Seventh Crusade: Ayyubids of Egypt capture King Louis IX of France in the Battle of Fariskur.
1320 – The Scots reaffirm their independence by signing the Declaration of Arbroath.
1327 – The poet Petrarch first sees his idealized love, Laura, in the church of Saint Clare in Avignon.
1385 – John, Master of the Order of Aviz, is made king John I of Portugal.
1453 – Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople (Istanbul), which falls on May 29.
1580 – One of the largest earthquakes recorded in the history of England, Flanders, or Northern France, takes place.
1652 – At the Cape of Good Hope, Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp that eventually becomes Cape Town.
1667 – An earthquake devastates Dubrovnik, then an independent city-state.
1712 – The New York Slave Revolt of 1712 begins near Broadway.
1776 – American Revolutionary War: Ships of the Continental Navy fail in their attempt to capture a Royal Navy dispatch boat.
1776: The Continental Congress takes the first step toward American independence by announcing their decision to open all American ports to international trade with any part of the world that is not under British rule. History
1782 – King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I) of Siam (modern day Thailand) founded the Chakri dynasty.
1793 – During the French Revolution, the Committee of Public Safety becomes the executive organ of the republic.
1808 – John Jacob Astor incorporates the American Fur Company, that would eventually make him America's first millionaire.
1812 – British forces under the command of the Duke of Wellington assault the fortress of Badajoz. This would be the turning point in the Peninsular War against Napoleon-led France.
1814 – Nominal beginning of the Bourbon Restoration; anniversary date that Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba.
1830 – In Fayette Township, New York, Joseph Smith, Jr., founder of the Mormon religion, organized the Church of Christ, the original church of the Latter Day Saint movement, during a meeting with a small group of believers. History
1832: Determined to resist the growing presence of Anglo settlers on traditional tribal lands, the Sauk warrior Black Hawk was drawn into war with the United States. History
1841: John Tyler was sworn in as president, two days after having become President upon William Henry Harrison's death. Tyler was elected as William Harrison's vice president earlier in 1841 and was suddenly thrust into the role of president when Harrison died one month into office. He was the first vice president to immediately assume the role of president after a sitting president's untimely exit and set the precedent for succession thereafter. History
1860 – The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, later renamed Community of Christ, is organized by Joseph Smith III and others at Amboy, Illinois.
1861 – First performance of Arthur Sullivan's debut success, his suite of incidental music for The Tempest, leading to a career that included the famous Gilbert and Sullivan operas.
1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Shiloh: The Civil War explodes in the west as the armies of Union General Ulysses S. Grant and Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston collide at Shiloh, near Pittsburgh Landing in Tennessee. The Battle of Shiloh became one of the bloodiest engagements of the war, and the level of violence shocked North and South alike. History
1865 – American Civil War: Battle of Sailor's Creek: Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia fights and loses its last major battle while in retreat from Richmond, Virginia during the Appomattox Campaign.
1866 – The Grand Army of the Republic, an American patriotic organization composed of Union veterans of the American Civil War, is founded. It lasts until 1956.
1869 – Celluloid is patented.
1888 – Thomas Green Clemson dies, bequeathing his estate to the State of South Carolina to establish Clemson Agricultural College.
1893 – Salt Lake Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is dedicated by Wilford Woodruff.
1895 – Writer Oscar Wilde was arrested in the Cadogan Hotel, London after losing a libel case against the Marquess of Queensberry. Wilde had been engaged in an affair with the marquess's son since 1891, but when the outraged marquess denounced him as a homosexual, Wilde sued the man for libel. However, he lost his case when evidence strongly supported the marquess's observations. Homosexuality was classified as a crime in England at the time, and Wilde was arrested, found guilty, and sentenced to two years of hard labor. History
1896 – The Olympic Games, a long-lost tradition of ancient Greece, were reborn in Athens 1,500 years after being banned by Roman Emperor Theodosius I. At the opening of the Athens Games, King Georgios I of Greece and a crowd of 60,000 spectators welcomed athletes from 14 nations to the international competition. History
1909 – American explorer Robert Peary accomplishes a long elusive dream, when he, assistant Matthew Henson, and four Eskimos reach what they determine to be the North Pole. Decades after Peary's death, however, navigational errors in his travel log surfaced, placing the expedition in all probability a few miles short of its goal. History
1911 – During the Battle of Deçiq, Dedë Gjon Luli Dedvukaj, leader of the Malësori Albanians, raises the Albanian flag in the town of Tuzi, Montenegro, for the first time after George Kastrioti (Skenderbeg).
1917 – Two days after the U.S. Senate voted 82 to 6 to declare war against Germany, the U.S. House of Representatives endorsed the declaration by a vote of 373 to 50, and America formally entered World War I. History
1919 – Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi orders a general strike.
1923 – The first Prefects Board in Southeast Asia is formed in Victoria Institution, Malaysia.
1924 – First round-the-world flight commences.
1926 – Varney Airlines makes its first commercial flight (Varney is the root company of United Airlines).
1929 – Huey P. Long Governor of Louisiana is impeached by the Louisiana House of Representatives.
1930 – Gandhi raises a lump of mud and salt and declares, "With this, I am shaking the foundations of the British Empire," beginning the Salt Satyagraha.
1936 – Tupelo-Gainesville tornado outbreak: Another tornado from the same storm system as the Tupelo tornado hits Gainesville, Georgia, killing 203.
1941 – World War II: Nazi Germany launches Operation 25 (the invasion of Kingdom of Yugoslavia) and Operation Marita (the invasion of Greece). History
1945 – World War II: Sarajevo is liberated from German and Croatian forces by the Yugoslav Partisans.
1945 – World War II: The Battle of Slater's Knoll on Bougainville comes to an end.
1947 – The first Tony Awards are presented for theatrical achievement.
1950: A train dropped off a bridge in Tangua, Brazil, killing 110 people.
1957 – Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis buys the Hellenic National Airlines (TAE) and founds Olympic Airlines.
1962 – Leonard Bernstein causes controversy with his remarks from the podium during a New York Philharmonic concert featuring Glenn Gould performing Brahms' First Piano Concerto.
1965: National Security Advisor McGeorge Bundy drafts and signs National Security Action Memorandum 328 on behalf of President Lyndon B. Johnson. This document came out of National Security Council meetings that were held on April 1 and April 2. The memorandum authorized U.S. personnel to take the offensive in South Vietnam to secure "enclaves" and to support South Vietnamese operations. History
1965 – The United States launches Intelsat I, also known as the “Early Bird” communications satellite, the first commercial communications satellite to be placed into geosynchronous orbit.
1965 – The British Government announces the cancellation of the TSR-2 aircraft project.
1968 – In Richmond, Indiana's downtown district, a double explosion kills 41 and injures 150.
1968 – Pierre Elliot Trudeau wins the Liberal Leadership Election, and becomes Prime Minister of Canada soon after.
1968: Stanley’s Kubrick’s science-fiction classic 2001: A Space Odyssey makes its debut in movie theaters. History
1970 – Newhall massacre: Four California Highway Patrol officers are killed in a shootout.
1972 – Vietnam War: Easter Offensive: Clear weather for the first time in three days allows U.S. planes and Navy warships to begin the sustained air strikes and naval bombardments ordered by President Nixon in response to the massive North Vietnamese offensive launched on March 30. History
1973 – Launch of Pioneer 11 spacecraft.
1973 – The American League of Major League Baseball begins using the designated hitter.
1974 – The Swedish pop band ABBA wins the Eurovision Song Contest with the song "Waterloo", launching their international career.
1979 – Student protests break out in Nepal.
1982 – Estonian Communist Party bureau declares "fight against bourgeois TV"—meaning Finnish TV—a top priority of the propagandists of Estonian SSR.
1984 – Members of Cameroon's Republican Guard unsuccessfully attempt to overthrow the government headed by Paul Biya.
1994 – The Rwandan Genocide begins when the aircraft carrying Rwandan president Juvénal Habyarimana and Burundian president Cyprien Ntaryamira is shot down.
1998 – Pakistan tests medium-range missiles capable of reaching India.
1998 – Travelers Group announces an agreement to undertake the $76 billion merger between Travelers and Citicorp, and the merger is completed on October 8, of that year, forming Citibank.
2004 – Rolandas Paksas becomes the first president of Lithuania to be peacefully removed from office by impeachment.
2005 – Kurdish leader Jalal Talabani becomes Iraqi president; Shiite Arab Ibrahim al-Jaafari is named premier the next day.
2008 – The 2008 Egyptian general strike starts led by Egyptian workers later to be adopted by April 6 Youth Movement and Egyptian activities.
2009 – A 6.3 magnitude earthquake strikes near L'Aquila, Italy, killing 307.
2010 – Maoist rebels kill 76 CRPF officers in Dantewada district, India.
2011 – In San Fernando, Tamaulipas, Mexico, over 193 bodies were exhumed from several mass graves made by Los Zetas.
2012 – Azawad declares itself independent from the Republic of Mali.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Contemporary Western
Brychan
Eutychius of Constantinople
Marcellinus of Carthage
Pope Celestine I
Pope Sixtus I
Eutychius of Constantinople
Marcellinus of Carthage
Pope Celestine I
Pope Sixtus I
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Albrecht Dürer and Lucas Cranach (Lutheran Church)
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Hieromartyr Archilias, Priest, and Martyr Jeremiah, of Rome (3rd c.)
Venerable Platonida (Platonis) of Nisibis, reposed in peace (c. 300-308)
Martyr Platonida (Platonides), and two martyrs buried up to their loins,
at Ascalon in Palestine
Hieromartyr Irenaeus, Bishop of Sirmium in Hungary (304)
120 Martyrs of Persia (c. 344-347)
Martyrs Timothy and Diogenes, in Macedonia, by Arians (345)
Saint Eutychius, Patriarch of Constantinople (582)
Saint Methodius of Moravia, Equal-to-the-Apostles, Archbishop of Moravia
and Enlightener of the Slavs (885)
Venerable Platonida (Platonis) of Nisibis, reposed in peace (c. 300-308)
Martyr Platonida (Platonides), and two martyrs buried up to their loins,
at Ascalon in Palestine
Hieromartyr Irenaeus, Bishop of Sirmium in Hungary (304)
120 Martyrs of Persia (c. 344-347)
Martyrs Timothy and Diogenes, in Macedonia, by Arians (345)
Saint Eutychius, Patriarch of Constantinople (582)
Saint Methodius of Moravia, Equal-to-the-Apostles, Archbishop of Moravia
and Enlightener of the Slavs (885)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Saints Florentius, Geminianus and Saturus, martyrs in Sirmium in Pannonia (4th c.)
Saints Rufina, Moderata, Romana, Secundus and Seven Companions,
martyred at Sirmium in Pannonia (4th c.)
Saint Marcellinus of Carthage, imperial representative in North Africa,
martyred by the Donatists (413)
Saint Celestine, Pope of Rome (432)
Saint Brychan, a King in Wales with twenty-four saintly children (5th c.)
Saint Ulched (Ulchad, Ylched), a holy man who gave his name to Llechulched
in Anglesey in Wales
Saint Winebald (Winewald, Vinebaud), a monk at Saint-Loup-de-Troyes
in France where he became abbot (c. 650)
Saint Derfel (Tervillius) the Prince, son of King Joel II, became a hermit
in Llandderfel in Gwynedd in Wales (660)
Saint Gennard, a monk at Fontenelle in France and eventually Abbot of Flay
(Saint-Germer-de-Fly Abbey) (720)
Saint Berthanc (Berchan), a monk at Iona in Scotland and later Bishop of Kirkwall
in the Orkneys (c. 840)
Saint Prudentius of Troyes (Prudentius Galindo) (861)
Saint Notker the Stammerer, nicknamed Balbulus (the Stammerer), monk at St Gall
Abbey where he spent his whole life, excelling as a musician (912)
Saint Urban, Abbot of the Monastery of Peñalba near Astorga in Spain (c. 940)
Saint Ælfstan (Elstan), monk who became Bishop of Ramsbury and succeeded
St Ethelwold as Abbot of Abingdon (981)
Saints Rufina, Moderata, Romana, Secundus and Seven Companions,
martyred at Sirmium in Pannonia (4th c.)
Saint Marcellinus of Carthage, imperial representative in North Africa,
martyred by the Donatists (413)
Saint Celestine, Pope of Rome (432)
Saint Brychan, a King in Wales with twenty-four saintly children (5th c.)
Saint Ulched (Ulchad, Ylched), a holy man who gave his name to Llechulched
in Anglesey in Wales
Saint Winebald (Winewald, Vinebaud), a monk at Saint-Loup-de-Troyes
in France where he became abbot (c. 650)
Saint Derfel (Tervillius) the Prince, son of King Joel II, became a hermit
in Llandderfel in Gwynedd in Wales (660)
Saint Gennard, a monk at Fontenelle in France and eventually Abbot of Flay
(Saint-Germer-de-Fly Abbey) (720)
Saint Berthanc (Berchan), a monk at Iona in Scotland and later Bishop of Kirkwall
in the Orkneys (c. 840)
Saint Prudentius of Troyes (Prudentius Galindo) (861)
Saint Notker the Stammerer, nicknamed Balbulus (the Stammerer), monk at St Gall
Abbey where he spent his whole life, excelling as a musician (912)
Saint Urban, Abbot of the Monastery of Peñalba near Astorga in Spain (c. 940)
Saint Ælfstan (Elstan), monk who became Bishop of Ramsbury and succeeded
St Ethelwold as Abbot of Abingdon (981)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Venerable Gregory (Drimys) of the Great Lavra on Mount Athos (Gregory
the Byzantine) (1310), instructor of St. Gregory Palamas
Venerable Gregory of Sinai (Mt. Athos) (Gregory the Sinaite) (1347)
Venerable Rufus the Obedient, of the Kiev Far Caves (14th c.)
New Martyr Nicholas the Deacon, of Mytilene (1463)
Saint Aphonios, Bishop of Novgorod from 1635-1649 (1652)
New Martyr Paul the Russian, at Constantinople (1683)
New Hieromartyr Gennadius of Dionysiou, Mt. Athos, at Constantinople (1818)
New Martyrs Manuel, Theodore, George, Michael, and another George,
of Samothrace, at Makri in Thrace (1835)
Saint Martyrius, monk of Glinsk Hermitage (1865)
the Byzantine) (1310), instructor of St. Gregory Palamas
Venerable Gregory of Sinai (Mt. Athos) (Gregory the Sinaite) (1347)
Venerable Rufus the Obedient, of the Kiev Far Caves (14th c.)
New Martyr Nicholas the Deacon, of Mytilene (1463)
Saint Aphonios, Bishop of Novgorod from 1635-1649 (1652)
New Martyr Paul the Russian, at Constantinople (1683)
New Hieromartyr Gennadius of Dionysiou, Mt. Athos, at Constantinople (1818)
New Martyrs Manuel, Theodore, George, Michael, and another George,
of Samothrace, at Makri in Thrace (1835)
Saint Martyrius, monk of Glinsk Hermitage (1865)
New Martyrs and Confessors
Martyrs Peter Zhukov and Prohor Mikhailov (1918)
New Hieromartyr John Boikov, Priest (1934)
New Hieromartyr Jacob Boikov, Priest (1943)
New Hiero-confessor Sebastian (Fomin), Schema-Archimandrite
of Optina Monastery and Karaganda (1966)
New Hieromartyr John Boikov, Priest (1934)
New Hieromartyr Jacob Boikov, Priest (1943)
New Hiero-confessor Sebastian (Fomin), Schema-Archimandrite
of Optina Monastery and Karaganda (1966)
Other commemorations
Repose of Hieromonk Arsenius of Valaam Monastery (1853)
Repose of Elder Mardarius of the Nizhni-Novgorod Caves Monastery (1859)
Repose of Archimandrite Seraphim (Tyapochkin) of Rakitin (1982)
Repose of Elder Mardarius of the Nizhni-Novgorod Caves Monastery (1859)
Repose of Archimandrite Seraphim (Tyapochkin) of Rakitin (1982)
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