503 BC – According to the Fasti Triumphales, Roman consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus celebrated a triumph for a military victory over the Sabines.
1147 – First historical record of Moscow.
1287 – King Wareru founds the Ramanya Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom.
1581 – Francis Drake is knighted for completing a circumnavigation of the world.
1609 – Philip III of Spain issues the decree of the "Expulsion of the Moriscos" (descendants of Iberian Muslims who had been forcibly converted to Christianity) from Crown domains, beginning with those of the Kingdom of Valencia, the realm with the largest number of these.
1660 – Declaration of Breda by King Charles II of England.
1721 – Sir Robert Walpole takes office as the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom under King George I.
1768 – In London, Philip Astley stages the first modern circus.
1776: After the successful siege of Boston, General George Washington begins marching his unpaid soldiers from their headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts, toward New York in anticipation of a British invasion. History
1796 – Georges Cuvier delivers his first paleontological lecture at École Centrale du Pantheon of the National Museum of Natural History on living and fossil remains of elephants and related species, founding the science of Paleontology.
1812 – United States President James Madison enacts a ninety-day embargo on trade with the United Kingdom.
1814 – Napoleon abdicates for the first time and names his son Napoleon II as Emperor of the French.
1818 – The United States Congress adopts the flag of the United States with 13 red and white stripes and one star for each state (then 20).
1841 – Only 31 days after assuming office, William Henry Harrison, the ninth president of the United States, dies of pneumonia becoming the first President to die in office and with the shortest term served. Vice President John Tyler becomes President upon Harrison's death.
1850 – The Great Fire of Cottenham: A large part of the Cambridgeshire village (England) is burnt to the ground in suspicious circumstances.
1850 – Los Angeles is incorporated as a city.
1859 – Bryant's Minstrels debut "Dixie" in New York City in the finale of a blackface minstrel show.
1865 – American Civil War: A day after Union forces capture Richmond, Virginia, President Abraham Lincoln visits the Confederate capital. According to the recollection of one of his friends, Ward Hill Lamon, President Lincoln dreamed on this night in 1865 of "the subdued sobs of mourners" and a corpse lying on a catafalque in the White House East Room. In the dream, Lincoln asked a soldier standing guard "Who is dead in the White House?" to which the soldier replied, "the President.he was killed by an assassin." Lincoln woke up at that point. On April 11, he told Lamon that the dream had "strangely annoyed" him ever since. Ten days after having the dream, Lincoln was shot dead by an assassin while attending the theater. History History
1866 – Alexander II of Russia narrowly escapes an assassination attempt by Dmitry Karakozov in the city of Saint Petersburg.
1873 – The Kennel Club is founded, the oldest and first official registry of purebred dogs in the world.
1887 – Argonia, Kansas elects Susanna M. Salter as the first female mayor in the United States.
1905 – In India, an earthquake hits the Kangra Valley, killing 20,000, and destroying most buildings in Kangra, McLeod Ganj and Dharamsala.
1913 – First Balkan War: Greek aviator Emmanouil Argyropoulos becomes the first pilot to die in the Hellenic Air Force when his plane crashes.
1917 – The U.S. Senate votes 82-6 in favor of participation in WWI.
1918 – World War I: The Second Battle of the Somme, the first major German offensive in more than a year, ends on the western front. German forces in the throes of a major spring offensive on the Western Front launched a renewed attack on Allied positions between the Somme and Avre Rivers. History History
1925 – The Schutzstaffel (SS) is founded in Germany.
1930 – The Communist Party of Panama is founded.
1933 – U.S. Navy airship (dirigible), USS Akron, is wrecked off the New Jersey coast due to severe weather, killing 73 people in one of the first air disasters in history. The USS Akron was the largest airship built in the United States when it took its first flight in August 1931. History
1939 – Faisal II becomes King of Iraq.
1944 – World War II: First bombardment of oil refineries in Bucharest by Anglo-American forces kills 3000 civilians.
1945 – World War II: American troops liberate Ohrdruf forced labor camp in Germany.
1945 – World War II: American troops capture Kassel.
1945 – World War II: Soviet troops liberate from German occupation and/or occupy Hungary. (national Hungarian holiday until 1990)
1949 – The United States and 11 other nations sign the North Atlantic Treaty creating the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a mutual defense pact aimed at containing possible Soviet aggression against Western Europe. NATO stood as the main U.S.-led military alliance against the Soviet Union throughout the duration of the Cold War.
1958 – The CND peace symbol is displayed in public for the first time in London.
1960 – France agrees to grant independence to the Mali Federation, a union of Senegal and French Sudan.
1960 – Clocking in at three hours and 32 minutes, William Wyler’s Technicolor epic Ben-Hur was the behemoth entry at the 32nd annual Academy Awards ceremony held at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood. Setting an Oscar record, the film swept 11 of the 12 categories in which it was nominated, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Actor (Charlton Heston). History
1964 – The Beatles occupy the top five positions on the Billboard Hot 100 pop chart.
1965 – The first model of the new Saab Viggen fighter aircraft is unveiled.
1967 – The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, delivers his "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence" speech in front of 3,000 people at Riverside Church in New York City. In it, he said that there was a common link forming between the civil rights and peace movements. King proposed that the United States stop all bombing of North and South Vietnam; declare a unilateral truce in the hope that it would lead to peace talks; set a date for withdrawal of all troops from Vietnam; and give the National Liberation Front a role in negotiations.
1968 – Martin Luther King Jr. is fatally shot while standing on the balcony outside his second-story motel room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. The civil rights leader was in Memphis to support a sanitation workers' strike and was on his way to dinner when a bullet struck him in the jaw and severed his spinal cord. King was pronounced dead after his arrival at a Memphis hospital. He was 39 years old. James Earl Ray later pleaded guilty to assassinating King, then spent the rest of his life claiming he’d been the victim of a setup.
1968 – Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 6.
1968 – A.E.K. Athens B.C. becomes the first Greek team to win the European Basketball Cup.
1969 – Dr. Denton Cooley implants the first temporary artificial heart.
1973 – The World Trade Center in New York is officially dedicated.
1973 – A Lockheed C-141 Starlifter, dubbed the Hanoi Taxi, makes the last flight of Operation Homecoming.
1975 – Microsoft is founded as a partnership between Bill Gates and Paul Allen in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
1975 – Vietnam War: Operation Babylift: A major U.S. airlift of South Vietnamese orphans begins with disaster when a United States Air Force Lockheed C-5A Galaxy, transporting orphans, crashes shortly after takeoff from Tan Son Nhut airbase in Saigon, killing 172 people, mostly children. Operation Baby Lift was designed to bring 2,000 South Vietnamese orphans to the United States for adoption by American parents. Baby Lift lasted for 10 days and was carried out during the final, desperate phase of the war, as North Vietnamese forces closed in on Saigon. Although this first flight ended in tragedy, all subsequent flights were completed safely, and Baby Lift aircraft brought orphans across the Pacific until the mission's conclusion on April 14, only 16 days before the fall of Saigon and the end of the war. History
1976 – Prince Norodom Sihanouk resigns as leader of Cambodia and is placed under house arrest.
1979 – Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan is executed.
1981 – The Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force mounts an attack on H-3 Airbase and destroys about 50 Iraqi aircraft.
1983 – Space Shuttle Challenger makes its maiden voyage into space.
1984 – President Ronald Reagan calls for an international ban on chemical weapons.
1988 – Governor Evan Mecham of Arizona is convicted in his impeachment trial and removed from office.
1991 – Senator John Heinz of Pennsylvania and six others are killed when a helicopter collides with their airplane over an elementary school in Merion, Pennsylvania.
1991 – The current flag of Hong Kong is adopted for post-colonial Hong Kong during the Third Session of the Seventh National People's Congress.
1994 – Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark found Netscape Communications Corporation under the name Mosaic Communications Corporation.
1996 – Comet Hyakutake is imaged by the USA Asteroid Orbiter Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous.
2002 – The Angolan government and UNITA rebels sign a peace treaty ending the Angolan Civil War.
2007 – Fifteen British Royal Navy personnel held in Iran are released by the Iranian President.
2009 – Three police officers are shot and killed during a shootout in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
2013 – More than 70 people are killed in a building collapse in Thane, India.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Isidore, Archbishop of Seville, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church. Double.
Contemporary Western
Benedict the Moor
Gaetano Catanoso
Isidore of Seville
Tigernach of Clones
Zosimas of Palestine
Gaetano Catanoso
Isidore of Seville
Tigernach of Clones
Zosimas of Palestine
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Reginald Heber (Anglican Church of Canada)
Martin Luther King Jr. (Episcopal Church (USA))
Martin Luther King Jr. (Episcopal Church (USA))
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Martyrs Agathopodes, a Deacon, and Theodulus, a Lector, at Thessalonica,
under Maximian (ca. 286-305)
Virgin-martyr Pherbutha (Phermoutha, Ferfouthe) of Persia, with her sister
and her servants (343)
Venerable George of Mount Maleon (Malevon) in Laconia, monk,
in the Peloponnese (5th-6th c.)
Venerable Publius the Egyptian
Venerable Zosimas of Palestine, Hieromonk (ca. 560)
Venerable Saints Theonas, Symeon, and Fervinus (Phorbinus)
Venerable Platon the Studite (Plato of Sakkoudion), Abbot of the Studion
and Confessor (812)
Venerable Joseph the Hymnographer, of Sicily (883)
under Maximian (ca. 286-305)
Virgin-martyr Pherbutha (Phermoutha, Ferfouthe) of Persia, with her sister
and her servants (343)
Venerable George of Mount Maleon (Malevon) in Laconia, monk,
in the Peloponnese (5th-6th c.)
Venerable Publius the Egyptian
Venerable Zosimas of Palestine, Hieromonk (ca. 560)
Venerable Saints Theonas, Symeon, and Fervinus (Phorbinus)
Venerable Platon the Studite (Plato of Sakkoudion), Abbot of the Studion
and Confessor (812)
Venerable Joseph the Hymnographer, of Sicily (883)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Saint Guier, a priest and hermit in Cornwall, where a church recalls his name
Saint Gwerir, a hermit near Liskeard in Cornwall, at whose grave King Alfred
was healed of a serious illness
Saint Tigernach of Clones (Tigernake, Tierney, Tierry), Abbot of Clones,
succeeded St Macartin as Bishop at Clogher in Ireland (549)
Saint Isidore of Seville, Bishop of Seville (636)
Saint Hildebert, Abbot of St Peter in Ghent in Belgium, martyred by fanatics
for defending the veneration of icons (752)
Saint Gwerir, a hermit near Liskeard in Cornwall, at whose grave King Alfred
was healed of a serious illness
Saint Tigernach of Clones (Tigernake, Tierney, Tierry), Abbot of Clones,
succeeded St Macartin as Bishop at Clogher in Ireland (549)
Saint Isidore of Seville, Bishop of Seville (636)
Saint Hildebert, Abbot of St Peter in Ghent in Belgium, martyred by fanatics
for defending the veneration of icons (752)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Venerable Joseph the Much-ailing, of the Kiev Caves (14th c.)
Venerable James, monk of Starotorzhok (Old Torzhok) in Galich,
Kostroma (15th-16th c.)
Venerable Theonas, Metropolitan of Thessaloniki (1541)
Venerable Zosimas, founder and abbot of the Annunciation Monastery
at Lake Vorbozoma (Vorbosomsk) (1550)
New Hieromartyr Nicetas the Albanian, of Mount Athos and Serres (1808)
Venerable Elias of Makeevka, Schemamonk, of Makeyevka (Ukraine) (1949)
Venerable James, monk of Starotorzhok (Old Torzhok) in Galich,
Kostroma (15th-16th c.)
Venerable Theonas, Metropolitan of Thessaloniki (1541)
Venerable Zosimas, founder and abbot of the Annunciation Monastery
at Lake Vorbozoma (Vorbosomsk) (1550)
New Hieromartyr Nicetas the Albanian, of Mount Athos and Serres (1808)
Venerable Elias of Makeevka, Schemamonk, of Makeyevka (Ukraine) (1949)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Benjamin (Kononov), Archimandrite,
of Solovki Monastery (1928)
New Hieromartyr Nicephorus (Kuchin), Hieromonk,
of Solovki Monastery (1928)
New Hieromartyr Nicholas (Karaulov), Bishop of Velsk (1932)
New Nun-martyr Maria (Lelyanova) of Gatchina (1932)
New Hieromartyr John Vechorko, Priest (1933)
Martyr John Kolesnikov (1943)
of Solovki Monastery (1928)
New Hieromartyr Nicephorus (Kuchin), Hieromonk,
of Solovki Monastery (1928)
New Hieromartyr Nicholas (Karaulov), Bishop of Velsk (1932)
New Nun-martyr Maria (Lelyanova) of Gatchina (1932)
New Hieromartyr John Vechorko, Priest (1933)
Martyr John Kolesnikov (1943)
Other commemorations
Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos "The Life-giving Spring" (450)
The Akathist Hymn (Chairetismoi) to the Virgin Mary (626)
Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos "Gerontissa" ("Eldress"),
at Pantokratoros monastery, Mount Athos
The Icon of the Mother of God "Deliverer" ("Deliveress") (1841, 1889)
Repose of Elder Savvas of Little St. Anne’s Skete, Mt. Athos (1908)
Repose of Archimandrite John (Maitland Moir) of Edinburgh, Scotland
(April 17, 2013)
The Akathist Hymn (Chairetismoi) to the Virgin Mary (626)
Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos "Gerontissa" ("Eldress"),
at Pantokratoros monastery, Mount Athos
The Icon of the Mother of God "Deliverer" ("Deliveress") (1841, 1889)
Repose of Elder Savvas of Little St. Anne’s Skete, Mt. Athos (1908)
Repose of Archimandrite John (Maitland Moir) of Edinburgh, Scotland
(April 17, 2013)
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