371 BC – The Battle of Leuctra: the Boeotian League led by Epaminondas defeated Cleombrotus I of Sparta, weakening the city-state's supremacy in Greece.
640 – Battle of Heliopolis: The Muslim Arab army under 'Amr ibn al-'As defeat the Byzantine forces near Heliopolis (Egypt).
1044 – The Battle of Ménfő between troops led by Emperor Henry III and Magyar forces led by King Samuel takes place.
1189 – Richard I "the Lionheart" accedes to the English throne.
1253 – Mindaugas is crowned King of Lithuania.
1348 – Pope Clement VI issues a papal bull protecting the Jews accused of having caused the Black Death.
1411 – Ming China's Admiral Zheng He returns to Nanjing after the third treasure voyage and presents the Sinhalese king, captured during the Ming–Kotte War, to the Yongle Emperor.
1415 – Jan Hus is condemned as a heretic and then burned at the stake.
1483 – Richard III is crowned King of England.
1484 – Portuguese sea captain Diogo Cão finds the mouth of the Congo River.
1495 – First Italian War: Battle of Fornovo – Charles VIII defeats the Holy League.
1535 – Sir Thomas More is executed for treason against King Henry VIII of England.
1557 – King Philip II of Spain, consort of Queen Mary I of England, sets out from Dover to war with France, which eventually resulted in the loss of the City of Calais, the last English possession on the continent, and Mary I never seeing her husband again.
1560 – The Treaty of Edinburgh is signed by Scotland and England.
1573 – Córdoba, Argentina, is founded by Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera.
1573 – French Wars of Religion: Siege of La Rochelle ends.
1614 – Żejtun and the surrounding villages suffer a raid from Ottoman forces. This was the last unsuccessful attempt by the Ottomans to conquer the island of Malta.
1630 – Thirty Years' War: Four thousand Swedish troops under Gustavus Adolphus land in Pomerania, Germany.
1685 – Battle of Sedgemoor: Last battle of the Monmouth Rebellion. troops of King James II defeat troops of James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth.
1699 – Pirate Captain William Kidd is captured in Boston.
1751 – Pope Benedict XIV suppresses the Patriarchate of Aquileia and establishes from its territory the Archdiocese of Udine and Gorizia.
1777 – American Revolutionary War: Siege of Fort Ticonderoga: After a bombardment by British artillery under General John Burgoyne, American forces retreat from Fort Ticonderoga, New York.
1779 – Battle of Grenada: The French defeat British naval forces during the American Revolutionary War.
1785 – Congress resolves the name of U.S. currency to the "dollar" and adopts decimal coinage.
1801 – First Battle of Algeciras: Outnumbered French Navy ships defeat the Royal Navy in the fortified Spanish port of Algeciras.
1809 – The second day of the Battle of Wagram; France defeats the Austrian army in the largest battle to date of the Napoleonic Wars.
1854 – In Jackson, Michigan, the first convention of the United States Republican Party is held.
1865 – The first issue of The Nation magazine is published.
1885 – French bacteriologist Louis Pasteur successfully tests his vaccine against rabies on Joseph Meister, a boy who had been bitten by a rabid dog.
1887 – David Kalākaua, monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii, is forced at gunpoint by Americans to sign the Bayonet Constitution giving Americans more power in Hawaii while stripping Hawaiian citizens of their rights.
1892 – Dadabhai Naoroji is elected as the first Indian Member of Parliament in Britain.
1892 – Three thousand eight hundred striking steelworkers engage in a day-long battle with Pinkerton agents during the Homestead Strike, leaving ten dead and dozens wounded.
1916 – One of the best-known images of American history made its debut. The picture of a white-haired, bearded man dressed in red, white, and blue appeared on the cover of Leslie’s Weekly magazine with the title “What Are You Doing for Preparedness?” American’s have come to know this man as Uncle Sam – but no one knows for sure where the tradition really came from.
1917 – World War I: Arabian troops led by T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia") and Auda ibu Tayi capture Aqaba from the Ottoman Empire during the Arab Revolt.
1919 – The British dirigible R34 lands in New York, completing the first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by an airship.
1923 – The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is formed.
1933 – The first Major League Baseball All-Star Game is played in Chicago's Comiskey Park. The American League defeated the National League 4–2.
1936 – A major breach of the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal in England sends millions of gallons of water cascading 200 feet (61 m) into the River Irwell.
1937 – Spanish Civil War: Battle of Brunete: The battle begins with Spanish Republican troops going on the offensive against the Nationalists to relieve pressure on Madrid.
1939 – Holocaust: the last remaining Jewish enterprises in Germany are closed.
1940 – Story Bridge, a major landmark in Brisbane, as well as Australia's longest cantilever bridge is formally opened.
1941 – Nazi Germany launches its offensive to encircle several Soviet armies near Smolensk.
1942 – Anne Frank and her family go into hiding in the "Secret Annexe" above her father's office in an Amsterdam warehouse where they hid from the Nazis for two years. Finally discovered, they were sent to concentration camps. Anne died in a camp.
1944 – Jackie Robinson refuses to move to the back of a bus, leading to a court martial.
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| 1944 - Hartford circus fire |
1947 – The AK-47 goes into production in the Soviet Union.
1957 – Althea Gibson, an African-American, wins the Wimbledon championships, becoming the first black athlete to do so.
1957 – John Lennon and Paul McCartney meet for the first time, as teenagers at The Woolton Church Parish Fete where The Quarry Men were appearing, three years before forming the Beatles.
1958 – The Alaska Statehood Act was signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, allowing Alaska to become the 49th U.S. state on January 3, 1959.
1962 – As a part of Operation Plowshare, the Sedan nuclear test takes place.
1962 – The Late Late Show, the world's longest-running chat show by the same broadcaster, airs on RTÉ One for the first time.
1964 – Malawi declares its independence from the United Kingdom.
1964 – Captain Roger C. Donlon earned the first Medal of Honor of the Vietnam War.
1966 – Malawi becomes a republic, with Hastings Banda as its first President.
1967 – Nigerian Civil War: Nigerian forces invade Biafra, beginning the war.
1975 – The Comoros declares independence from France.
1976 – Women were first admitted to the U.S. Naval Academy. The other military academies soon followed suit.
1984 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan, in a TV interview, said it was a "probability" that many young people now paying into Social Security "will never be able to receive as much as they're paying."
1986 – Davis Phinney becomes the first American cyclist to win a road stage of the Tour de France.
1988 – The Piper Alpha drilling platform in the North Sea is destroyed by explosions and fires. One hundred sixty-seven oil workers are killed, making it the world's worst offshore oil disaster in terms of direct loss of life.
1989 – The Tel Aviv–Jerusalem bus 405 suicide attack: Fourteen bus passengers are killed when an Arab assaulted the bus driver as the bus was driving by the edge of a cliff.
1990 – Electronic Frontier Foundation is founded.
1995 – In the Bosnian War, under the command of General Ratko Mladić, Serbia begins its attack on the Bosnian town of Srebrenica, and kills more than 8000 Bosniaks, in what then- UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali called "the worst crime on European soil since the Second World War".
1997 – The Troubles: In response to the Drumcree dispute, five days of mass protests, riots and gun battles begin in Irish nationalist districts of Northern Ireland.
1999 – U.S. Army private Barry Winchell dies from baseball-bat injuries inflicted on him in his sleep the previous day by a fellow soldier, Calvin Glover, for his relationship with transgender showgirl and former Navy Corpsman Calpernia Addams.
2003 – The 70-metre Eupatoria Planetary Radar sends a METI message (Cosmic Call 2) to five stars: Hip 4872, HD 245409, 55 Cancri (HD 75732), HD 10307 and 47 Ursae Majoris (HD 95128). The messages will arrive to these stars in 2036, 2040, 2044 and 2049 respectively.
2006 – The Nathula Pass between India and China, sealed during the Sino-Indian War, re-openes for trade after 44 years.
2006 – Felipe Calderon of Mexico's ruling National Action Party won a tight race for president over Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador.
2009 – U.S. President Barack Obama met in Moscow with his Russian counterpart, Dmitry Medvedev, and announced an agreement to reduce nuclear arsenals.
2011 – The International Olympic Committee awarded the 2018 Winter Olympic Games to PyeongChang, set in the mountains of South Korea, 110 miles east of Seoul. PyeongChang was host of the 2013 Special Olympics.
2012 – Hong Kong customs officials who had been tipped by U.S. drug agents announced a record seizure of more than 1,400 pounds of cocaine, with a street value of $98 million. The cocaine was in a shipment from Ecuador.
2013 – At least 42 people are killed in a shooting at a school in Yobe State, Nigeria.
2013 – A Boeing 777 operating as Asiana Airlines Flight 214 crashes at San Francisco International Airport, killing three and injuring 181 of the 307 people on board.
2013 – A 73-car oil train derails in the town of Lac-Mégantic, Quebec and explodes into flames, killing at least 47 people and destroying more than 30 buildings in the town's central area.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Octave of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul. Double.
Contemporary Western
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Venerable Sisoes the Great of Egypt (429)
Virgin-martyrs Lucy, Rixius, and with them martyrs Anthony, Lucian, Isidore,
Dion, Diodorus, Cutonius, Arnosus, Capicus, and Satyrus at Rome (301)
Martyr Quintus of Phrygia (283)
Martyrs Marinus, Martha, Audifax, Abbacum (Habakkuk), Cyrinus, Valentine,
and Asterius the Presbyter in Macedonia (269)
Martyrs Isaurus the deacon, Innocent, Felix, Hermias, Basil, Peregrinus, Rufus,
and Rufinus of Apollonia in Macedonia
Saint Sisoes, Schemamonk of the Kiev Caves
New-Martyr Bishop Simon of Ufa (1921)
Virgin-martyrs Lucy, Rixius, and with them martyrs Anthony, Lucian, Isidore,
Dion, Diodorus, Cutonius, Arnosus, Capicus, and Satyrus at Rome (301)
Martyr Quintus of Phrygia (283)
Martyrs Marinus, Martha, Audifax, Abbacum (Habakkuk), Cyrinus, Valentine,
and Asterius the Presbyter in Macedonia (269)
Martyrs Isaurus the deacon, Innocent, Felix, Hermias, Basil, Peregrinus, Rufus,
and Rufinus of Apollonia in Macedonia
Saint Sisoes, Schemamonk of the Kiev Caves
New-Martyr Bishop Simon of Ufa (1921)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
St. Monenna, foundress of a number of monasteries in Scotland and England
St. Saxburgh of East Anglia, foundress of the abbey at Minster-in-Sheppey,
and later Abbess of Ely
St. Saxburgh of East Anglia, foundress of the abbey at Minster-in-Sheppey,
and later Abbess of Ely
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